Pseudotropheus is a genus of fishes in the family Cichlidae. These mbuna cichlids are endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa.

Taxonomy

Like some other large cichlid genera, such as Cichlasoma, a number of related fishes have been recently reassigned to different genera such as Tropheops or Maylandia. Some species of Melanochromis in turn have been moved into Pseudotropheus.

There are currently 25 recognized species in this genus:

  • Pseudotropheus ater <small>Stauffer, 1988</small>
  • Pseudotropheus benetos <small>(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus brevis <small>(Trewavas, 1935)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus crabro <small>(Ribbink & D. S. C. Lewis, 1982)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos <small>(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus cyaneus <small>Stauffer, 1988</small>
  • Pseudotropheus demasoni <small>Konings, 1994</small>
  • Pseudotropheus elegans <small>Trewavas, 1935</small>
  • Pseudotropheus elongatus <small>Fryer, 1956</small>
  • Pseudotropheus flavus <small>Stauffer, 1988</small>
  • Pseudotropheus fuscoides <small>Fryer, 1956</small>
  • Pseudotropheus fuscus <small>Trewavas, 1935</small>
  • Pseudotropheus galanos <small>Stauffer & Kellogg, 2002</small>
  • Pseudotropheus interruptus <small>(D. S. Johnson, 1975)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus joanjohnsonae <small>(D. S. Johnson, 1974)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus johannii <small>Eccles, 1973</small>
  • Pseudotropheus likomae <small>Konings, Miller, & Stauffer 2024</small>
  • Pseudotropheus longior <small>Seegers, 1996</small>
  • Pseudotropheus minutus <small>Fryer, 1956</small>
  • Pseudotropheus perileucos <small>(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus perspicax <small>(Trewavas, 1935)</small>
  • Pseudotropheus purpuratus <small>D. S. Johnson, 1976</small>
  • Pseudotropheus saulosi <small>Konings, 1990</small>
  • Pseudotropheus socolofi <small>D. S. Johnson, 1974</small>
  • Pseudotropheus tursiops <small>W. E. Burgess & H. R. Axelrod, 1975</small>
  • Pseudotropheus williamsi <small>(Günther, 1894)</small>

Several of these were moved to the new genus Chindongo in 2016.

Biology

Mbuna literally means "rockdweller" and this description accurately depicts the lifestyle of these cichlids which mostly live in rocky areas. Most pseudotrophine cichlids are algal grazers in the wild.

Like most cichlids from Lake Malawi, fish from this genus reproduce via maternal mouthbrooding. The males often have egg spots on their anal fins which attract spawn-ready females towards them where they attempt to retrieve the imitation eggs while the male emits sperm into her biting mouth, thus fertilizing the eggs. The female and male generally move in an intensive circular motion while they spawn. Eventually, the female retrieves all of her eggs and incubates them in her mouth without eating for 2–4 weeks depending on the species and the particular fish after which the fry are released. Most, possibly all species of Pseudotropheus will breed together if given the right environment.