Pitmaticoriginally 'pitmatical' According to the British Library's lead curator of spoken English, writing in 2019, "Locals insist there are significant differences between Geordie and several other local dialects, such as Pitmatic and Mackem. Pitmatic is the dialect of the former mining areas in County Durham and around Ashington to the north of Newcastle upon Tyne, while Mackem is used locally to refer to the dialect of the city of Sunderland and the surrounding urban area of Wearside".

Traditionally, the dialect used the Northumbrian burr, wherein /r/ is realised as . This is now very rare.

Dialectology

While Pitmatic was spoken by miners throughout the Great Northern Coalfield  from Ashington in Northumberland to Fishburn in County Durham  sources describe its particular use in the Durham collieries. Pitmatic is distinct from the traditional agricultural speech of the Wear and Tees valleys in County Durham, which is classified as part of the 'West Northern' dialect group.

Dictionaries and compilations

Although he did not use the term "Pitmatic", Alexander J. Ellis's seminal survey of English dialects in the late nineteenth century included the language of "Pitmen", focusing on the region "between rivers Tyne and Wansbeck" and drawing on informants from Humshaugh, Earsdon, and Backworth.

A dictionary of East Durham Pitmatic spoken in Hetton-le-Hole, compiled by Rev. Francis M. T. Palgrave, was published in 1896 and reprinted in 1997. The heritage society of nearby Houghton-le-Spring produced a list of words and phrases in 2017 collected over the preceding five years. Harold Orton compiled a corpus (dataset) of dialect forms for 35 locations in Northumberland and northern Durham, known as the Orton Corpus.

Pit Talk in County Durham, an illustrated, 90-page pamphlet by Dave Douglass, a local miner, was published in 1973. In 2007, Bill Griffiths produced a dictionary of Pitmatic where each entry includes information on a word's etymology; it was well reviewed. In an earlier work, Griffiths cited a newspaper of 1873 for the first recorded mention of the term "pitmatical".

Vocabulary

Pitmatic words and expressions include:

<nowiki>*</nowiki> from Houghton-le-Spring Heritage Society (2017)

Culture

In 2000, Melvyn Bragg presented a programme about Pitmatic on BBC Radio 4 as part of a series on English regional dialects.

Pitmatic is heard in parts of the second episode of Ken Loach's 1975 series Days of Hope, which was filmed around Esh Winning in Durham; the cast included local actor Alun Armstrong.

The poet, singer-songwriter and entertainer Tommy Armstrong worked mainly in Pitmatic and Geordie. British comedian Bobby Thompson, popular across North East England, was famous for his Pitmatic accent.

Other Northern English dialects include:

  • Cumbrian and Northumbrian dialects
  • Geordie (spoken in Tyneside); see also Geordie dialect words
  • Mackem (spoken in Wearside)
  • Smoggie (spoken in Teesside)
  • Yorkshire and Lancashire dialects
  • Scouse (spoken in Merseyside)
  • Mancunian (Spoken in Manchester)

See also

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Notes

References

Further reading

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  • Describes the socioeconomic roots and cultural context of northern dialects of English, with Pitmatic mentioned on pages 124-125.
  • Den Cutt's list of "Old Words & Phrases, Commonly Known as Pitmatic", from County Durham
  • Fred Wade's Pitmatic word list, from South Moor, and Georgie McBurnie's "Pitman's Glossary", from Washington, hosted by the Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group
  • "Yam", a poem in Pitmatic read by its author, Douglas Kewvia YouTube
  • "Jowl, Jowl and Listen": film of miners from the Durham and Northumberland coalfields talking in dialect about their work and livesvia Vimeo