Paweł Jasienica

Paweł Jasienica was the pen name of Leon Lech Beynar (10 November 1909 – 19 August 1970), a Polish historian, journalist, essayist and soldier.

During World War II, Jasienica (then, Leon Beynar) fought in the Polish Army, and later, the Home Army resistance. Near the end of the war, he was also working with the anti-Soviet resistance, which later led to him taking up a new name, Paweł Jasienica, to hide from the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland. He was associated with the Tygodnik Powszechny weekly and several other newspapers and magazines. He is best known for his 1960s books on Polish historyon the Kingdom of Poland under the Piast dynasty, the Jagiellon dynasty, and the elected kings of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Those books, still popular, played an important role in popularizing Polish history among several generations of readers.

Jasienica became an outspoken critic of the censorship in the People's Republic of Poland, and as a notable dissident, he was persecuted by the government. He was subject to significant invigilation (oversight) by the security services, and his second wife was in fact an agent of the communist secret police. For a brief period marking the end of his life, his books were prohibited from being distributed or printed.

Life

Youth

Beynar was born on 10 November 1909 in Simbirsk, Russia, to Polish parents, Mikołaj Beynar and Helena Maliszewska. His paternal grandfather, Ludwik Beynar, fought in the January Uprising and married a Spanish woman, Joanna Adela Feugas. His maternal grandfather, Wiktor Maliszewski, fought in the November uprising. After a brief stay in Warsaw, during the Polish–Soviet War, his family settled in Opatów, and in 1924, moved to Grodno. At the university he was an active member of several organizations including Klub Intelektualistów (Intellectuals' Club) and Akademicki Klub Włóczęgów (Academic Club of Vagabonds). After graduating, he finished training for the officer cadet (podchorąży) in the Polish Army. In the resistance he had the rank of lieutenant, worked in the local Wilno headquarters and was an editor of an underground newspaper "Pobudka". In July 1944 he took part in the operation aimed at the liberation of Wilno from the Germans (Operation Ostra Brama). In the wake of this operation, around 19–21 August, his partisan unit, like many others, was intercepted and attacked by the Soviets. His essays were published in Dziś i Jutro, Słowo Powszechne, Życie Warszawy, Po Prostu. His book on Jagiellonian Poland was recognized as the best book of the year by the readers. In the aftermath of the 1968 events, Polish communist media, and communist leader, Władysław Gomułka, on 19 March 1968, alleged that in 1948 Jasienica was freed because he collaborated with the communist regime; this allegation caused much controversy and damaged Jasienica's reputation. He was subject to much invigilation (oversight) by the security services. From 1968 until his death, his books were prohibited from being distributed or printed. He is buried in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery. and popular

His (Two ways, 1959) about the January Uprising of the 1860s represent the latest historical period he has tackled. His other popular historical books include , (Three chroniclers; 1964), a book about three medieval chroniclers of Polish history (Thietmar of Merseburg, Gallus Anonymus and Wincenty Kadłubek), in which he discusses the Polish society through ages; British historian Norman Davies, himself an author of a popular account of Polish history (God's Playground), notes that Jasienica, while more of "a historical writer than an academic historian", had "formidable talents", gained "much popularity" and that his works would find no equals in the time of communist Poland. Both Michnik and Samsonowicz note how Jasienica's works contain hidden messages in which Jasienica discusses more contemporary history, such as in his Rozważania....

Bibliography

Several of Jasienica's books have been translated into English by Alexander Jordan and published by the American Institute of Polish Culture, based in Miami, Florida.

(Sigismund Augustus on the lands of the former Grand Duchy; 1935)
(North-eastern lands of the Commonwealth during the Sas dynasty; 1939)
(Vistula will say farewell to gentry's province; 1951)
(Dawn of the Slavic tomorrow; 1952)
(White front, 1953)
(Tales of living matter; 1954)
(Moored; 1955)
(It's about Poland; 1956)
(Archeological excerpts: reports; 1956; latest Polish edition 2009; )
(Traces of battles; 1957; latest Polish edition 2009; )
(Country at Yangtze; 1957; latest Polish edition from 2008 uses the Kraj na Jangcy title; )
(Two ways; 1959; latest Polish edition 2009; )
(Thoughts about Old Poland; 1960; latest Polish edition 1990; )
(1960; latest Polish edition 2007; ), translated as Piast Poland (1985; )
(Slavic genealogy; 1961, latest Polish edition 2008; )
(Only about History; 1962, latest Polish edition 2009; )
(1963; latest Polish edition 2007; ), translated as Jagiellonian Poland (1978; )
(Three chroniclers; 1964; latest Polish edition 2008; )
(Last of the Family; 1965; latest Polish edition 2009; )
(1967–1972), translated as The Commonwealth of Both Nations; 1987, ), often published in three separate volumes:
(1967; latest Polish edition 2007; ), translated as The Commonwealth of Both Nations I: The Silver Age (1992; )
(1967; latest Polish edition 2007; )), translated as The Commonwealth of Both Nations II: Calamity of the Realm (1992; )
(1972; latest Polish edition 2007; ), translated as The Commonwealth of Both Nations III: A Tale of Agony (1992; )
(Thoughts on Civil War; 1978; latest Polish edition 2008)
(Diary; 1985; latest Polish edition 2007; )
(Polish Anarchy; 1988; latest Polish edition 2008; )

Awards

:Medals:

Order of Polonia Restituta, Grand Cross, awarded on 3 May 2007 (posthumously)
Order of Polonia Restituta, Knight's Cross, awarded on 22 July 1956
Cross of Valour, awarded by the Wilno Region Headquarters of Home Army in 1944, confirmed by Polish Ministry of Defense in 1967
Home Army Cross, awarded in 1967 in London

:Awards:

2007 laureate of Poland's "Custodian of National Memory" Prize.

Paweł Jasienica

Life

Youth

Bibliography

Awards

See also

References

Further reading