Paul Ludwig Troost (17 August 1878 – 21 January 1934) was a German architect. A favourite master builder of Adolf Hitler from 1930, his Neoclassical designs for the Führerbau, the Verwaltungsbau der NSDAP and the Haus der Kunst in Munich influenced the style of Nazi architecture.
Life
Early career
Born in Elberfeld in the Rhineland, Troost attended the Technical College of Darmstadt and, upon finishing his course, worked with Martin Dülfer in Munich beginning in 1920. He then qualified as a university lecturer. In the 1920s, he opened his own architectural office and became a member of the modernist Deutscher Werkbund association. Troost designed several rooms of Cecilienhof Palace in Potsdam. After a trip to the United States in 1922, he designed steamship décor for the Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company before World War I, and the fittings for transatlantic liners in a style that combined Spartan traditionalism with elements of modernity. He was in charge of design for all of the company's largest ships, such as SS Europa, SS Berlin, SS München, and SS Homeric, until 1929. Along with other architects like Ludwig Ruff, Troost planned and built State and municipal edifices throughout the country, including new administrative offices, social buildings for workers and bridges across the main highways. One of the many structures he planned before his death was the Haus der Deutschen Kunst ("House of German Art") in Munich, modeled on Schinkel's Altes Museum in Berlin. The museum was constructed from 1933 to 1937 following Troost's plans, and was Nazi Germany's first monumental structure of Nazi architecture. Hitler intended it to be a great temple for a "true, eternal art of the German people". It was a good example of the imitation of classical forms in monumental public buildings during the Third Reich, though subsequently Hitler moved away from the more restrained style of Troost, reverting to the more elaborate imperial grandeur that he had admired in the 19th century Vienna Ring Road (Ringstraße) boulevard of his youth.
Troost also redesigned Königsplatz in Munich to include new Nazi Party buildings and a "Temple of Honour".