Parintins Folklore Festival (Festival Folclórico de Parintins), or the Parintins Festival (Festival de Parintins) is a popular annual celebration during three days in late June held in the Brazilian city of Parintins, Amazonas. It is one of the largest annual festivals in Brazil; only the Carnival festivities in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador draw more participants. The festival is recognized as a Cultural Heritage of Brazil by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage.
The festival celebrates the Bumba Meu Boi, a legend about a resurrected ox. It is also a competition where two groups that perform this play, the Boi Garantido (red) and Boi Caprichoso (blue), compete in extended retellings of the story, each team attempting to outdo the other with flamboyant dances, singing, and parade floats. Each team has to complete its show within two and a half hours. A team that does not follow this time limit is subjected to points penalties. Each nightly performance is largely based on local Amazonian folklore and indigenous culture, but also incorporates contemporary Brazilian rhythms and themes.
The place where the teams present themselves is the Parintins Cultural Center, known as "Bumbódromo", a round, grounded stage. The "Bumbódromo" supports 35.000 people in the audience.
Despite the importance of the celebration to the Amazonas region of Brazil, this festival was not widely known in other parts of the country until the musical group Carrapicho released the hit Tic Tic Tac - Bate forte o tambor in 1996. The Parintins Folklore Festival was also responsible for the release of other songs that became known in Brazil, such as Vermelho and Parintins Para o Mundo Ver, among others.
thumb|262x262px|Presentation of the festival in June 2003
It is common for local people to tell the visitors that Parintins is the only place in the World where Coca-Cola ads are blue. While it is true that within the Bumbódromo there are Coca-Cola ads in both red and blue, there are other instances of Coca-Cola ads reflecting the colors of sporting teams. During the 2011 Festival do Boi-Bumbá, Coca-Cola was available throughout Amazonas region in special edition cans that were half red, half blue.
History
left|thumb|231x231px|The Boi Garantido, characterized by having red and white as its main colors and by having a red [[heart symbol on its forehead.]]
In Parintins, groups (called bois, meaning "oxen") that performed the Bumba Meu Boi piece dates back to the early 20th century, although at the time they were much smaller and less structured groups, and did not have any formal records. Before the festival, the Garantido and Caprichoso bois were already having a certain rivalry with each other. However, there were already other bois, preceding or contemporary to these two, such as Diamantino, Ramalhete, Fita Verde, Corre-Campo, Mina de Ouro, Galante and Campineiro.
The first Parintins Folklore Festival took place in 1965, when a group of young people linked to the Catholic Church decided to hold the festival to raise funds for the construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the patron saint of Parintins. Although this year only quadrilhas performed (the typical dance of the Festas Juninas, that happen in Brazil in the month of June) and the bois were not the main attraction, the following year the groups were invited to participate in the festival, and for the first time both participated in the festival together. At that time, the criterion established to define the champion was the boi that received the most applause from those present. From then on, the rivalry between the Garantido and Caprichoso bois intensified.
Results and themes
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-style:normal; color:#fff;"
!Year
!Champion
!Runner-up
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1966
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1967
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1968
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1969
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1970
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1971
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1972
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1973
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1974
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1975
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1976
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1977
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1978
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#009045; color:#ff0;" |Campineiro
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1979
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1980
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1981
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1982
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#009045; color:#ff0;" |Campineiro
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1983
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Indomável
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1984
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Infinito
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1985
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Negrão Maravilha
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1986
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Garantido e Você, uma Amizade que Ninguém Destrói
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Arte, Amor e Paz
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1987
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Revolução da Arte no Mundo
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1988
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Brinquedo de São João
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Rei Negro, Tributo a Liberdade
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1989
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
O Eterno Campeão
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Força da Natureza
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1990
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Raízes de um Povo
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Garantido, Amor, Magia da Ilha
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1991
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Uma Origem Cabocla
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Cultura Cabocla
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1992
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Arte de Folclorear
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Folguedo de São João
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1993
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Rio Amazonas, Esse Rio é Minha Vida
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
No Silêncio da Mata
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1994
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Capricho dos Deuses
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Templo das Eternas Lendas
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1995
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Luz e Mistérios da Floresta
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Uma Viagem à Amazônia
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1996
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Criação Cabocla
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Lendas, Rituais e Sonhos
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1997
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Parintins Para o Mundo Ver
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Boi de Parintins
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1998
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
85 Anos de Cultura
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
500 Anos do Passado Para Construir o Futuro
|-
| style="color:#000;" |1999
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Mito, Cultura e Arte
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Faz da Arte Sua História
|-
| rowspan="2" style="color:#000;" |2000
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Meu Brinquedo de São João
| rowspan="2" style="color:#000;" |Draw
|-
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Terra é Azul
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2001
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Amazônia Viva
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amor e Paixão
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2002
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
O Boi da Amazônia
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazônia Cabocla de Alma Indígena
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2003
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
90 Anos de Raízes e Tradições na Amazônia
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Amazônia, Santuário Esmeralda
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2004
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Amazônia, Coração Brasileiro
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazonas: Terra do Folclore, Fonte de Vida
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2005
| style="color:#fff; background:#f00;" |Garantido
Festa da Natureza
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Estrela do Brasil
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2006
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Terra, a Grande Maloca
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazônia Solo Sagrado
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2007
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Eldorado é Aqui
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Guardiões da Amazônia
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2008
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Futuro é Agora
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
O Boi da Preservação
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2009
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Emoção
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazonas, Onde o Verde Encontra o Azul
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2010
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Canto da Floresta
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Paixão
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2011
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Miscigenação
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Magia Que Encanta
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2012
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Viva a Cultura Popular!
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Tradição
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2013
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
O Boi do Centenário
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Centenário de uma Paixão
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2014
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Fé
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazônia Táwapayêra
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2015
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazônia
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Vida
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2016
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Celebração
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Viva Parintins!
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2017
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
A Poética do Imaginário Caboclo
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Auto da Resistência Cultural
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2019
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Nós, o Povo!
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Um Canto de Esperança para Mátria Brasilis
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2020
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="color:#000;" |In 2020 and 2021 there was no festival due to the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2021
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2022
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Amazônia Nossa Luta em Poesia
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Amazônia do Povo Vermelho
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2023
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
O Brado do Povo Guerreiro
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Garantido Por Toda Vida
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2024
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
Cultura - O Triunfo do Povo
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Segredos do Coração
|-
| style="color:#000;" |2025
| style="background:#f00;" |Garantido
Boi do Povo, Boi do Povão
| style="background:#003399;" |Caprichoso
É tempo de retomada
|}
Gallery of images
<gallery mode="packed" widths="300">
File:Boi Garantido 2016.jpg|Presentation of Boi Garantido (Red) in Parintins Folklore Festival of 2016.
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (19471799156).jpg|Presentation of Boi Caprichoso (Blue) in Parintins Folklore Festival of 2015.
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (19491290232).jpg|The festival stands out in the Brazil, by following a similar model to Carnival, showing sometimes the handcraft indigenous culture of the Amazon or showing of the culture of other parts of country.
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (19502051911).jpg|Indigenous handicraft that takes place during the festival.
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (19497873435).jpg|Israel Paulain, presenter of the Boi Garantido since 2002
File:Marujada de Guerra do Boi Caprichoso.jpg|The marujada de guerra of the Boi Caprichoso, which is the group of players who provide the percussion accompaniment to the songs (toadas), is the basis for the show
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (18875385784).jpg|Maria Azêdo was the cunhã poranga of the Boi Caprichoso from 2007 to 2018. Cunhã poranga, a term in the Nheengatu language that means "beautiful woman", represents the indigenous people.
File:SINHAZINHA DA FAZENDA FESTIVAL FOLCLÓRICO PARINTINS NO AMAZONAS, BRASIL.jpg|Sinhazinha da fazenda of the Boi Garantido. The sinhazinha da fazenda represents the daughter of the farm owner in the traditional Bumba Meu Boi.
File:Porta Estandarte do Boi Caprichoso.jpg|The porta-estandarte (standard-bearer) of the Boi Caprichoso
File:Pajé Erick Beltrão do Boi Bumba Capricho.jpg|The pajé (shaman) of the Boi Caprichoso
File:Caravana da Cultura - Parintins (19502075121).jpg|Boi Garantido fans
File:Galera Azul e Branca do Boi Caprichoso.jpg|Boi Caprichoso fans
</gallery>
See also
- Festa Junina
- Bumba Meu Boi
External links
- Official Festival Website
- Boi Bumba Festival
- BUMBA-MEU-BOI
- Tic Tic Tac - Beats strong the drum (Parintins Festival Music) YouTube Link
- Red (Parintins Festival Music) YouTube Link
- Parintins for the world to see (Parintins Festival Music) YouTube Link
- The color of my country (Parintins Festival Music) YouTube Link
References
nl:Parintins (gemeente)#De boi-bumbá