180px|thumb|Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia with a face value of 10 rubles (2005)
Oryol Oblast, also known as Orlovshchina, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. As of the 2021 census, Oryol Oblast had a population of 713,374.
Geography
240px|left|thumb|Landscape of the eastern part of the region
280px|thumb|In the national park [[Orlovskoye Polesye National Park|Orlovskoye Polesye]]
It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District, in the Central Russian Upland.
In terms of area, at it is one of the smallest federal subjects. From north to south, it extends for more than , and from west to east—for over .
It borders Kaluga Oblast to the north-west, Tula Oblast to the north, Lipetsk Oblast to the east, Kursk Oblast to the south, and Bryansk Oblast to the west.
There are of black earth soils (chernozems) in the oblast, which amounts to three-quarters of the world chernozem reserves. First digital telephone exchange was introduced in the oblast in 1998.
Agriculture
Most of the oblast's agricultural land is used for plant cultivation. Grain growing is very important, with winter wheat and rye being the main crops. Buckwheat, oats, barley, and potatoes are also grown, and sugar beets are in great demand. The area planted in feed grains is increasing due to the expansion of livestock farming, which includes beef and dairy cattle farming, pig farming, sheep farming for meat and wool, poultry farming, and horse breeding.
Transport
Pipelines and power transmission lines are routed through the region's largest oil-trunk pipeline Druzhba (202 km in area). In the southwestern part of the area lies a small section of the Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod pipeline.
Oryol is a major hub of pipelines exporting to Belarus, Western Ukraine and the Baltic states, with branches passing through Bryansk and Kursk.
Automotive
190px|thumb|Road in winter
As of 2016, the motorization level of the area was of 314 cars per 1000 people, which is the 15th of any region of Russia and above the national average (285).
Main roads of the region:
- "Crimea" (152 km through Mtsensk, Oryol, Kromy, Trosna)
- Oryol — Tambov (151 km through Livny)
- Oryol — Vitebsk (57 km through Naryshkino)
- Kaluga — Oryol (67 km through Bolkhov)
- Trosna — Kalinovka (12 km)
- 54А-1 Oryol — Yefremov (158 km through Zalegoshch, Novosil)
Railway
180px|thumb|Railway station in [[Mtsensk]]
The main line is the double track electrified main line Moscow - Kharkiv - Simferopol (136 km through Mtsensk, Oryol, Zmievka and Glazunovka).
Other lines:
- Oryol — Yelets (130 km through Zalegoshch, Verkhovye, Khomutovo and Krasnaya Zarya)
- branch in Livny and Dolgoye
- historical Riga — Oryol (64 km through Naryshkino and Khotynets)
- Oryol — Dmitriyev (83 km through Kromy)
- Kursk Oblast — Kolpna (20 km)
Demographics
thumb|250px|Life expectancy at birth in Oryol Oblast
200px|thumb|Spasskoe-Lutovinovo — estate of the Oryol writer [[Ivan Turgenev]]
200px|thumb|Walls of the Saburov fortress
Population:
Vital statistics for 2024:
- Births: 4,509 (6.5 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 10,978 (15.9 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2024):<br />
1.18 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021): <br />
Total — 68.97 years (male — 64.04, female — 73.81)
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