The official names of the Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in the languages of the Soviet Republics (presented in the constitutional order) and other languages of the USSR, were as follows.
Official republic-level languages
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Language
! Abbreviation
! Full name
! Short name
|-
||Russian||<hr>()||<hr>(; BGN/PCGN)<br>(; Scientific) ||<hr>(; BGN/PCGN)<br>(; Scientific)
|-
||Ukrainian||<hr>()||<hr>(; BGN/PCGN)<br>(; Scientific)||<hr>(; BGN/PCGN)<br>(; Scientific)
|-
||Belarusian||<hr>()||<hr>(; BGN/PGCN)<br>(; Łacinka)
|<hr>(; BGN/PGCN)<br>(; Łacinka)
|-
||Uzbek||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Kazakh||<hr>()||<hr>() ||<hr>()
|-
||Georgian||<hr>()||<hr>() ||<hr>()
|-
||Azerbaijani||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Lithuanian||||||
|-
||Moldavian<br />||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Latvian||||||
|-
||Kirghiz||<hr>()||<hr>() ||<hr>()
|-
||Tajik ||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Armenian||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Turkmen||<hr>()||<hr>()||<hr>()
|-
||Estonian||||||
|}
Official minority languages
<!--ASSR languages-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Language
! Abbreviation
! Full name
! Short name
|-
||Adyghe|||| ()||
|-
||Arabic<br><small>Dagestan ASSR</small>|||| ()||
|-
||Avar|||| ()||
|-
||Bashkir|||| ()||
|-
||Buryat|||| ()||
|-
||Chechen|||| ()||
|-
||Chuvash|||| ()||
|-
||Crimean Tatar|||| ()||
|-
||Dungan<br />|||| (; ) || ()
|-
|-
||Erzya|||| ()||
|-
||Even|||| ()||
|-
||Finnish<br><small>Karelian ASSR</small>||||||
|-
||German<br><small>Volga German ASSR</small>||||||
|-
|Greek<br><small>Pontic Greeks and Mariupol Greeks</small>|||| ()||
|-
||Ingush|||| ()||
|-
||Kabardian|||| ()||
|-
|Karelian (Proper)||||||
|-
||Khakas|||| ()||
|-
||Komi|||| ()||
|-
||Kumyk|||| ()||
|-
||Mari|||| ()||
|-
||Mongolian|||| ()||
|-
||Moksha|||| ()||
|-
||Ossetian|||| ()||
|-
||Polish||||||
|-
||Romanian<br />||||||
|-
||Tatar|||| ()||
|-
||Tuvan|||| ()||
|-
||Udmurt|||| ()||
|-
||Yakut|||| ()||
|-
||Yiddish||
| (before 1961)<br><br>()||
<!-- Please don't add non-Soviet languages-->
|}