Odontodactylus (from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth", and δάκτυλος (dáktulos), meaning "finger") is a genus of mantis shrimp, the only genus in the family Odontodactylidae. Mantis shrimp of the genus Odontodactylus can not only detect circular polarisation of light, but can also detect polarised light reflecting off their telson and uropods.
The genus Odontodactylus contains the following species:
- Odontodactylus brevirostris <small>(Miers, 1884)</small>
- Odontodactylus cultrifer <small>(White, 1850)</small>
- Odontodactylus hansenii <small>(Pocock, 1893)</small>
- Odontodactylus havanensis <small>(Bigelow, 1893)</small>
- Odontodactylus hawaiiensis <small>Manning, 1967</small>
- Odontodactylus japonicus <small>(de Haan, 1844)</small>
- Odontodactylus latirostris <small>Borradaile, 1907</small>
- Odontodactylus scyllarus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
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Image:Shortnose Mantis Shrimp (11354376784).jpg|Odontodactylus brevirostris
Image:Odontodactylus cultrifer (MNHN-IU-2014-23106) 002.jpeg|<small>Odontodactylus cultrifer</small>
Image:Odontodactylus latirostris.jpg|Odontodactylus latirostris
Image:Odontodactylus scyllarus.jpg|Odontodactylus scyllarus
</gallery>