Events
Pre-1600
- 285 or 286 – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
- 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.
- 1147 – Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
- 1147 – Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights conquer Lisbon.
- 1415 – Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.
1601–1900
- 1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
- 1747 – War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
- 1760 – King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II.
- 1809 – Golden Jubilee of George III is celebrated in Britain as he begins the fiftieth year of his reign.
- 1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, , commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate .
- 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
- 1854 – The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.
- 1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
- 1868 – The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.
- 1875 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23 premieres in Boston, Massachusetts, with Benjamin Johnson Lang as conductor and Hans von Bülow as soloist.
1901–present
- 1911 – The Xinhai Revolution spreads to Guangzhou, where the Qing general Fengshan is assassinated by the Chinese Assassination Corps.
- 1917 – Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia.<!--worth keeping regardless of general rule on OS/NS because it's commonly called the "October revolution"-->
- 1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.
- 1924 – The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.
- 1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
- 1932 – George Lansbury became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.
- 1940 – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
- 1944 – World War II: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
- 1944 – World War II: The under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
- 1944 – World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
- 1945 – Fifty years of Japanese administration of Taiwan formally ends when the Republic of China assumes control.
- 1949 – The Battle of Guningtou in the Taiwan Strait begins.
- 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.
- 1968 – A Fairchild F-27 crashes into Moose Mountain while on approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon, New Hampshire, killing 32 people.
- 1968 – Soyuz 2 is launched.
- 1971 – The People's Republic of China replaces the Republic of China at the United Nations.
- 1973 – Egypt and Israel accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 339.
- 1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude.
- 1983 – The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
- 1989 – The first leg of the 1989 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira is held at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal.
- 1990 – The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic declares its sovereignty from the Soviet Union.
- 1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
- 1997 – After a civil war, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
- 1999 – A Learjet 35 crashes in Mina near Aberdeen, South Dakota, killing all six people on board, including PGA golfer Payne Stewart and golf course designer Bruce Borland.
- 2001 – Microsoft releases Windows XP, which becomes one of Microsoft's most successful operating systems.
- 2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wound at least 721.
- 2010 – Mount Merapi in Indonesia begins a month-long series of violent eruptions that kill 353 people and cause the evacuation of another 350,000 people.
- 2010 – A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes off Indonesia's Mentawai Islands, triggering a tsunami that kills at least 400 people.
- 2023 – A mass shooting occurs in two locations in Lewiston, Maine. 18 people are killed and 13 more injured.
Births
Pre-1600
- 840 – Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, founder of the Saffarid dynasty (died 879)
- 1102 – William Clito, French son of Sybilla of Conversano (died 1128)
- 1330 – Louis II, Count of Flanders, (died 1384)
- 1453 – Giuliano de' Medici (died 1478)
- 1510 – Renée of France (died 1574)
- 1574 – François de Sourdis, French Catholic prelate (died 1628)
- 1589 – Jan Stanisław Sapieha, Polish-Lithuanian noble (died 1635)
1601–1900
- 1612 – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish soldier (died 1650)
- 1667 – Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (died 1718)
- 1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, English-Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1757)
- 1692 – Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain (died 1766)
- 1709 – Georg Gebel, German organist and composer (died 1753)
- 1714 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge (died 1799)
- 1736 – Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (died 1824)
- 1743 – Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1812)
- 1749 – Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, Swedish chamberlain (died 1802)
- 1754 – Richard Howell, 3rd Governor of New Jersey (died 1802)
- 1755 – François Joseph Lefebvre, French military commander (died 1820)
- 1757 – Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman (died 1831)
- 1759 – Maria Feodorovna, Russian wife of Paul I of Russia (died 1828)
- 1759 – William Grenville, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1834)
- 1760 – Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, German historian (died 1842)
- 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French philosopher and politician (died 1830)
- 1768 – Frederick William, ruler of Nassau-Weilburg (died 1816)
- 1772 – Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein, French memoirist (died 1857)
- 1772 – Géraud Duroc, French general and diplomat (died 1813)
- 1779 – Pedro Velarde y Santillán, Spanish artillery captain (died 1808)
- 1781 – Friedrich von Berchtold, Bohemian physician and botanist (died 1876)
- 1782 – Levi Lincoln Jr., American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1868)
- 1789 – Carlos María de Alvear, Argentine soldier and statesman (died 1852)
- 1789 – Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (died 1875)
- 1790 – Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor (died 1878)
- 1792 – Jeanne Jugan, French nun (died 1879)
- 1795 – John P. Kennedy, American novelist and Whig politician (died 1870)
- 1800 – Maria Jane Jewsbury, English writer, poet, literary reviewer (died 1833)
- 1800 – Thomas Babington Macaulay, English poet, historian, and politician, Secretary at War (died 1859)
- 1800 – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest (died 1875)
- 1800 – Julius von Mohl, German orientalist (died 1876)
- 1802 – Richard Parkes Bonington, English painter (died 1828)
- 1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (died 1864)
- 1803 – Maria Doolaeghe, Flemish novelist (died 1884)
- 1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (died 1856)
- 1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (died 1832)
- 1814 – Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours (died 1896)
- 1815 – Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (died 1894)
- 1819 – Christian August Friedrich Garcke, German botanist (died 1904)
- 1821 – Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian painter (died 1891)
- 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (died 1899)
- 1825 – Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, German astronomer and geophysicist (died 1884)
- 1827 – Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (died 1907)
- 1832 – Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (died 1909)
- 1838 – Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (died 1875)
- 1838 – James Maybrick, English cotton merchant, victim of the "Aigburth Poisoning" (died 1889)
- 1844 – Philip Wicksteed, English economist (died 1927)
- 1848 – Carlo Emery, Italian entomologist (died 1925)
- 1848 – Karl Emil Franzos, Austrian novelist (died 1904)
- 1852 – Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, Russian author (died 1912)
- 1853 – Karl August Otto Hoffmann, German botanist (died 1909)
- 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist (died 1936)
- 1858 – Take Ionescu, Romanian politician, diplomat, journalist and lawyer (died 1922)
- 1864 – John Francis Dodge, American businessman, co-founded the Dodge Company (died 1920)
- 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (died 1956)
- 1864 – Toktogul Satylganov, Kyrgyz Akyn, poet and singer (died 1933)
- 1866 – Thomas Armat, American mechanic and inventor (died 1948)
- 1866 – Norbert Klein, Bishop of Brno (died 1933)
- 1866 – Georg Schumann, German composer (died 1952)
- 1867 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (died 1937)
- 1868 – Dan Burke, American baseball player (died 1933)
- 1868 – Oskar Kallas, Estonian linguist and diplomat (died 1946)
- 1870 – Elsa Reger, German writer (died 1951)
- 1874 – Emma Gramatica, Italian actress (died 1965)
- 1874 – Victor Sonnemans, Belgian water polo player (died 1962)
- 1874 – Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (died 1916)
- 1875 – Carolyn Sherwin Bailey, American author and educator (died 1961)
- 1875 – Arthur Birkett, British cricketer (died 1941)
- 1877 – Adolf Moller, German rower (died 1968)
- 1877 – Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (died 1957)
- 1879 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (died 1925)
- 1880 – Bohumír Šmeral, Czech politician (died 1941)
- 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (died 1973)
- 1882 – John T. Flynn, American journalist and author (died 1964)
- 1882 – Tony Jackson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1921)
- 1882 – André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien, French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (died 1964)
- 1882 – Theodora Agnes Peck, American author and poet (died 1964)
- 1883 – Nikolay Krestinsky, Russian revolutionary and politician (died 1938)
- 1884 – Maria Czaplicka, Polish cultural anthropologist (died 1921)
- 1885 – Sam M. Lewis, American singer and lyricist (died 1959)
- 1885 – Xavier Lesage, French equestrian (died 1968)
- 1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (died 1972)
- 1886 – Karl Polanyi, Austro-Hungarian economist and historian (died 1964)
- 1887 – Alexander McCulloch, British rower (died 1951)
- 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and pilot (died 1957)
- 1888 – Nils Dardel, Swedish-American painter (died 1943)
- 1888 – Jan Palouš, Czechoslovak ice hockey player (died 1971)
- 1888 – Léon Tom, Belgian fencer and bobsledder
- 1889 – Abel Gance, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1981)
- 1890 – Floyd Bennett, American aviator (died 1928)
- 1890 – Kōtarō Tanaka, Japanese jurist and politician (died 1974)
- 1891 – Charles Coughlin, Canadian-American priest and radio host (died 1979)
- 1891 – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (died 1962)
- 1892 – Nell Shipman, Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer (died 1970)
- 1894 – Claude Cahun, French photographer and sculptor (died 1954)
- 1894 – Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu, Turkish poet and songwriter (died 1973)
- 1894 – Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (died 1982)
- 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Ukrainian-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Israel (died 1969)
- 1895 – Vsevolod Merkulov, Russian head of the NKGB (died 1953)
- 1895 – Arthur Schmidt, German officer (died 1987)
- 1896 – Nils Backlund, Swedish water polo player (died 1964)
- 1897 – Erwin von Lahousen, German Abwehr official (died 1955)
- 1897 – Karl Olivecrona, Swedish lawyer and philosopher (died 1980)
- 1897 – Luigi Pavese, Italian actor (died 1969)
- 1898 – Karl Anton, German director, screenwriter and producer (died 1979)
- 1899 – Armand Thirard, French cinematographer (died 1973)
- 1900 – Johan Greter, Dutch equestrian (died 1975)
- 1900 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian educator and activist (died 1978)
- 1900 – William Stevenson, American track and fielder (died 1985)
1901–present
- 1901 – Roy Fox, British dance bandleader (died 1982)
- 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian and author (died 1998)
- 1902 – Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (died 1956)
- 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (died 1933)
- 1903 – Piet van der Horst, Dutch cyclist (died 1983)
- 1904 – Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1985)
- 1904 – Denny Shute, American golfer (died 1974)
- 1904 – Bill Tytla, Ukrainian-American animator (died 1968)
- 1905 – Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (died 2000)
- 1906 – Karl Humenberger, Austrian footballer (died 1989)
- 1908 – Carmen Dillon, English film and production designer (died 2000)
- 1908 – Gotthard Handrick, German fighter pilot and Olympic athlete (died 1978)
- 1908 – Polly Ann Young, American actress (died 1997)
- 1909 – Whit Bissell, American actor (died 1996)
- 1909 – Ken Domon, Japanese photographer (died 1990)
- 1909 – Edward Flynn, American boxer (died 1976)
- 1909 – Jean-Paul Le Chanois, French actor, director and screenwriter (died 1985)
- 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist and video game designer (died 1994)
- 1910 – Johnny Mauro, American race car driver (died 2003)
- 1910 – Tyrus Wong, Chinese-American artist (died 2016)
- 1912 – Abdelkader Ben Bouali, French footballer (died 1997)
- 1912 – Alfred Klingler, German field handballer
- 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American entertainer and philanthropist (died 1996)
- 1913 – Anton Kochinyan, Soviet-Armenian politician (died 1990)
- 1914 – John Berryman, American poet and scholar (died 1972)
- 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian-American mathematician and academic (died 1999)
- 1916 – Helge Larsson, Swedish canoeist (died 1971)
- 1917 – Carl Forssell, Swedish fencer (died 2005)
- 1917 – Dmitry Polyansky, First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union (died 2001)
- 1918 – David Ausubel, American psychologist (died 2008)
- 1919 – Beate Uhse-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (died 2001)
- 1919 – Raoul Remy, French cyclist (died 2002)
- 1920 – Megan Taylor, British figure skater (died 1993)
- 1921 – Michael I of Romania (died 2017)
- 1922 – Gloria Lasso, Spanish singer (died 2005)
- 1923 – Achille Silvestrini, Italian prelate (died 2019)
- 1923 – Beate Sirota Gordon, Austrian-American director and producer (died 2012)
- 1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scottish-American baseball player (died 2010)
- 1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (died 2000)
- 1924 – Earl Palmer, American Hall of Fame drummer (died 2008)
- 1925 – Oralia Dominguez, Mexican operatic mezzo-soprano singer (died 2013)
- 1925 – Joseph Michel, Belgian politician (died 2016)
- 1926 – Bo Carpelan, Finnish poet and author (died 2011)
- 1926 – Jimmy Heath, American saxophonist and composer (died 2020)
- 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian-American soprano and actress (died 2012)
- 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (died 2017)
- 1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, Uruguayan lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Uruguay (died 2016)
- 1927 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist and author (died 1987)
- 1927 – Lauretta Masiero, Italian actress and singer (died 2010)
- 1928 – Jeanne Cooper, American actress (died 2013)
- 1928 – Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Brazilian architect (died 2021)
- 1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (died 2006)
- 1928 – Adolphe Gesché, Belgian Catholic priest and theologian (died 2003)
- 1928 – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (died 2016)
- 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
- 1932 – Jerzy Pawłowski, Polish fencer and double agent (died 2005)
- 1932 – Theodor Pištěk, Czech costume designer
- 1933 – René Brodmann, Swiss footballer (died 2000)
- 1933 – Martti Mansikka, Finnish gymnast (died 2024)
- 1934 – Carlos Sherman, Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, activist (died 2005)
- 1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut
- 1936 – Martin Gilbert, English historian, author, and academic (died 2015)
- 1936 – Arnfinn Nesset, Norwegian nurse and convicted serial killer
- 1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and singer
- 1937 – Vendramino Bariviera, Italian cyclist (died 2001)
- 1937 – Ignacio Carrasco de Paula, Spanish prelate
- 1937 – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1938 – Bob Webster, American diver
- 1939 – Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player and coach (died 2013)
- 1939 – Sara Dylan, American actress and model
- 1939 – Nikolay Kiselyov, Soviet Nordic combined athlete (died 2005)
- 1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2007)
- 1939 – Dave Simmonds, British motorcycle racer (died 1972)
- 1939 – Robin Spry, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2005)
- 1940 – Jimmy Herman, Canadian actor (died 2013)
- 1940 – Bob Knight, American basketball player and coach (died 2023)
- 1941 – Lynda Benglis, American sculptor and painter
- 1941 – Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer-songwriter and actress (died 2020)
- 1941 – Anne Tyler, American author and critic
- 1957 – Enrique López Zarza, Mexican footballer
- 1957 – Robbie McIntosh, English guitarist
- 1957 – Piet Wildschut, Dutch footballer
- 1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
- 1958 – Kjell Inge Røkke, Norwegian businessman and philanthropist
- 1959 – Óscar Aguirregaray, Uruguayan footballer
- 1959 – Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (died 2013)
- 1960 – Hong Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter
- 1961 – John Sivebæk, Danish footballer
- 1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer
- 1966 – Zana Briski, British photographer and filmmaker
- 1966 – Lionel Charbonnier, French footballer
- 1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1966 – Perry Saturn, American wrestler
- 1967 – Martin Marinov, Australian canoeist
- 1967 – Taiyō Matsumoto, Japanese manga artist
- 1967 – Gary Sundgren, Swedish footballer
- 1968 – Doris Fitschen, German footballer
- 1968 – Christopher McQuarrie, American filmmaker
- 1968 – Speech, American rapper
- 1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
- 1985 – Daniele Padelli, Italian footballer
- 1986 – Tweety Carter, American basketball player
- 1986 – Roger Espinoza, Honduran footballer
- 1986 – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
- 1986 – Kristian Sarkies, Australian footballer
- 1986 – Ekaterina Shumilova, Russian biathlete
- 1987 – Bill Amis, American basketball player
- 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
- 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
- 1988 – Robson Conceição, Brazilian boxer
- 1988 – Lewis McGugan, English professional footballer
- 1988 – Chandler Parsons, American basketball player
- 1988 – Kaz Patafta, Australian footballer
- 1988 – Karim Yoda, French footballer
- 1989 – Filip Grgić, Croatian taekwondo practitioner
- 1989 – Sten Grytebust, Norwegian footballer
- 1989 – David Hala, Australian rugby league player
- 1989 – Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer
- 1989 – Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress
- 1993 – Rachel Matthews, American actress
- 1995 – Patrick McCaw, American basketball player
- 1996 – PJ Dozier, American basketball player
- 1997 – Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
- 1998 – Juan Soto, Dominican baseball player
- 1998 – Lee Know, South Korean singer
- 1999 – Romeo Langford, American basketball player
- 2000 – Dominik Szoboszlai, Hungarian footballer
- 2000 – Vincent Zhou, American figure skater
- 2001 – Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 625 – Pope Boniface V
- 912 – Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (born 859)
- 1047 – Magnus the Good, Norwegian king (born 1024)
- 1053 – Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu
- 1154 – Stephen, King of England
- 1180 – John of Salisbury, French bishop (born c. 1120)
- 1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German cardinal (born 1120)
- 1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (born 1180)
- 1292 – Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England
- 1349 – James III of Majorca (born 1315)
- 1359 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (born 1293)
- 1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English philosopher, poet, and author (born c. 1343)
- 1415 – Charles I of Albret
- 1415 – Philip II, Count of Nevers (born 1389)
- 1415 – Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (born 1371)
- 1415 – Jean I, Duke of Alençon (born 1385)
- 1415 – Anthony, Duke of Brabant (born 1384)
- 1415 – Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, English soldier (born 1394)
- 1415 – Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, English politician (born 1373)
- 1415 – Dafydd Gam, Welsh nobleman (born c. 1380)
- 1478 – Catherine of Bosnia (born 1425)
- 1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish bishop (born 1455)
- 1495 – John II of Portugal (born 1455)
- 1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and academic, founded University of Aberdeen (born 1431)
- 1557 – William Cavendish, English courtier and civil servant (born 1505)
1601–1900
- 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (born 1608)
- 1651 – Saint Job of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (born 1551)
- 1683 – William Scroggs, English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (born 1623)
- 1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (born 1667)
- 1757 – Antoine Augustin Calmet, French monk and theologian (born 1672)
- 1760 – George II of Great Britain (born 1683)
- 1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of War (born 1750)
- 1826 – Philippe Pinel, French physician and psychiatrist (born 1745)
- 1833 – Abbas Mirza, Persian prince (born 1789)
- 1852 – John C. Clark, American lawyer and politician (born 1793)
- 1889 – Émile Augier, French playwright (born 1820)
- 1895 – Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (born 1819)
1901–present
- 1902 – Frank Norris, American journalist and novelist (born 1870)
- 1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-American golfer (born 1878)
- 1916 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (born 1849)
- 1919 – William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (born 1849)
- 1920 – Alexander of Greece (born 1893)
- 1920 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright, politician, Lord Mayor of Cork died on hunger strike (born 1879)
- 1920 – Joe Murphy, (Irish-American), died on hunger strike during the 1920 Cork hunger strike (born 1895)
- 1921 – Bat Masterson, American lawman, buffalo hunter, and sport writer (born 1853)
- 1924 – Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (born 1876)
- 1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Swiss-Argentinian poet and author (born 1892)
- 1940 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (born 1854)
- 1941 – Franz von Werra, Swiss-German captain and pilot (born 1914)
- 1945 – Robert Ley, German politician (born 1890)
- 1949 – Mary Acworth Orr Evershed, English astronomer and Dante scholar (born 1867)
- 1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist and academic (born 1867)
- 1954 – Purshottam Narayan Gadgil, Indian jeweller and namesake of P. N. Gadgil Jewellers (born 1874)
- 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese girl (born 1943)
- 1956 – Risto Ryti, Finnish lawyer, politician and Governor of the Bank of Finland; 5th President of Finland (born 1889)
- 1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-American mob boss (born 1902)
- 1957 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, English-Irish author, poet, and playwright (born 1878)
- 1960 – Harry Ferguson, Irish-English engineer, founded the Ferguson Company (born 1884)
- 1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor and composer (born 1898)
- 1967 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (born 1886)
- 1969 – Ellinor Aiki, Estonian painter (born 1893)
- 1970 – Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter (born 1924)
- 1971 – Mikhail Yangel, Soviet missile designer (born 1911)
- 1972 – Johnny Mantz, American race car driver (born 1918)
- 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian runner (born 1932)
- 1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (born 1928)
- 1973 – Robert Scholl, German accountant and politician (born 1891)
- 1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (born 1937)
- 1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (born 1903)
- 1977 – Félix Gouin, French politician (born 1884)
- 1979 – Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (born 1898)
- 1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist and educator (born 1912)
- 1980 – Víctor Galíndez, Argentine boxer (born 1948)
- 1980 – Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and songwriter (born 1921)
- 1982 – Bill Eckersley, English footballer (born 1925)
- 1982 – Arvid Wallman, Swedish diver (born 1901)
- 1985 – Gary Holton, English singer-songwriter (born 1952)
- 1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (born 1919)
- 1989 – Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (born 1912)
- 1990 – Alberto da Costa Pereira, Portuguese footballer (born 1929)
- 1991 – Bill Graham, German-American concert promoter (born 1931)
- 1992 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1936)
- 1992 – Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (born 1916)
- 1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (born 1958)
- 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (born 1911)
- 1994 – Kara Hultgreen, American lieutenant and pilot (born 1965)
- 1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (born 1905)
- 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (born 1920)
- 1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (born 1918)
- 1999 – Leonard Boyle, Irish and Canadian palaeographer and medievalist (born 1923)
- 1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (born 1957)
- 2000 – Mochitsura Hashimoto, Japanese commander (born 1909)
- 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor and singer (born 1930)
- 2002 – René Thom, French mathematician and biologist (born 1923)
- 2002 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (born 1944)
- 2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian spiritual leader and philosopher (born 1920)
- 2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (born 1925)
- 2004 – John Peel, English radio host and producer (born 1939)
- 2010 – Lisa Blount, American actress (born 1957)
- 2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (born 1951)
- 2010 – Vesna Parun, Croatian poet and author (born 1922)
- 2012 – Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (born 1907)
- 2012 – Jaspal Bhatti, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1955)
- 2012 – John Connelly, English footballer (born 1938)
- 2012 – Emanuel Steward, American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster (born 1944)
- 2013 – Ron Ackland, New Zealand rugby player and coach (born 1934)
- 2013 – Arthur Danto, American philosopher and critic (born 1924)
- 2013 – Nicholas Hunt, Welsh-English admiral (born 1930)
- 2013 – Hal Needham, American actor, stuntman, director, and screenwriter (born 1931)
- 2013 – Paul Reichmann, Austrian-Canadian businessman, founded Olympia and York (born 1930)
- 2013 – Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (born 1926)
- 2013 – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (born 1942)
- 2014 – Jack Bruce, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player (born 1943)
- 2014 – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican lawyer and politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (born 1940)
- 2015 – David Cesarani, English historian and author (born 1956)
- 2015 – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (born 1944)
- 2015 – Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (born 1988)
- 2015 – Flip Saunders, American basketball player and coach (born 1955)
- 2016 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian football player and manager (born 1944)
- 2016 – Bob Hoover, USAF, Test, and Airshow pilot (born 1922)
- 2018 – Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and a principal developer of Centering Prayer (born 1923)
- 2019 – Dilip Parikh, Indian politician (born 1937)
- 2024 – Phil Lesh, American bassist (born 1940)
- 2024 – Kim Soo-mi, South Korean actress (born 1949)
- 2025 – Satish Shah, Indian actor and comedian (born 1951)
- 2025 – Rolf Dupuy, anarchist and historian of the anarchist movement in France and Spain (born 1946)
Holidays and observances
- Armed Forces Day (Romania)
- Christian feast day:
- Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo)
- Pope Boniface I
- Canna
- Blessed Carlo Gnocchi
- Crysanthus and Daria (Western Christianity)
- Crispin and Crispinian
- Fructus
- Gaudentius of Brescia
- Goeznovius
- Minias of Florence
- Mar Nestorius (in the Nestorian churches)
- Tabitha (Dorcas)
- Tegulus
- Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
- The Six Welsh Martyrs and companions (in Wales)
- The Hallowing of Nestorius
- October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Day of the Basque Country (Basque Country)
- Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
- Retrocession Day and the memorial day for the Battle of Guningtou ()
- Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
- Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)