Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki (pronounced ), often simply referred to as Nowy Dwór, is a town in east-central Poland in the Masovian Voivodeship with ca. 28500 inhabitants (2021). In 1374, Nowy Dwór was granted Chełmno town rights by Duke Siemowit III of the Piast dynasty. It was a private town of the Lubomirski, Poniatowski and Gutakowski noble families, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. It was the site of the Battle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki in 1655, during the Swedish invasion of Poland. During the early Industrial Revolution, Stanisław Poniatowski established a cloth factory in Nowy Dwór. and Tsarist Blocks built between 1899 and 1901 to house soldiers of the Russian army, and which are still in use as private flats today.

World War II

thumb|left|Military cemetery in Modlin

During the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by the Germans. They immediately began to persecute the Jewish population. Many Jews fled to Warsaw, others to Soviet occupied territory in the east. From 1941 to 1942, the Germans set up a ghetto between the four streets Nałęcza, Warszawska, Mazowiecka, and Piaskowa. Most of the 9000 or more Jewish inhabitants of the town were murdered. Some were murdered in the environs of the town; most were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. Typhus was rampant in the ghetto taking many lives there. Only about 400 Nowy Dwor Jews survived; most of the survivors had fled to Soviet occupied territory and later to the Soviet Union itself, where they stayed throughout the war. Holocaust survivor Yehudis Pshenitse has recounted the efforts of a parish priest from Nowy Dwór to save her life after the murder of more than 2000 Jews in Rembertów ghetto in August 1942. Hiding her in his cellar, he gave her false papers identifying her as a Christian. Betrayed to the German occupying forces, the priest was tortured. He was released, but mortally wounded. Pshenitse described how he blessed her before dying: "Once again, he asked [his housekeeper] that I be hidden in a safe place, and then he died." The housekeeper took her to Modlin, where she was able to survive, living "by her own wits, posing as a Christian child."

The Israeli city of Holon has a Nowy Dwór Street (רחוב נובידבור). The name was given at the request of survivors of the Nowy Dwór Jewish community, who arrived in Holon after 1945.

Sights

Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki is also renowned for its wooden architecture, which is still faintly visible within the city limits. Some of the wooden houses and villas date back to the late 18th century. The name Nowy Dwór itself, which literally means "New Manor" in English, relates to the manor-like architecture of the region.

Sports

  • Świt Nowy Dwór - football team (1st league in season 2003/2004)

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File:Nowy Dwor Mazowiecki Wisla 03.JPG|Piłsudski Bridge over the Vistula

File:Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Poland - panoramio (75).jpg|Royal Hotel

File:Muzeum Kampanii Wrześniowej 1939 (cropped).jpg|Museum of the 1939 September Campaign and Modlin Fortress

File:SM Twierdza Modlin Brama Poniatowskiego ID 622053.jpg|Poniatowski Gate

File:The Tatar Tower also known as The Red Tower in Modlin - 01.jpg|Inner Garrison of the Modlin Fortress

File:NDM-RedutaNapoleona.JPG|Napoleons Redoubt

File:NDM-J.Wybickiego 4.jpg|Heritage wooden architecture

Warsaw Modlin (cropped).jpg|Warsaw Modlin Airport

</gallery>

References

  • Jewish Community in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki on Virtual Shtetl
  • Memorial book of Nowy-Dwor (published by former Jewish residents of Nowy Dwór Mazowieck in 1965)

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