thumb|The main mirror, S-band mirror and S-band feed horn inside NNO-1

New Norcia Station (also known as NNO) is an ESTRACK Earth station in Australia for communication with spacecraft after launch, in low Earth orbit, in geostationary orbit and in deep space. It is located south of the town of New Norcia, Western Australia. It was the first ESA deep space ground station, followed by Cebreros Station and Malargüe Station.

New Norcia Station was one of the stations providing communications, tracking and data download from the Rosetta spacecraft. It supports the BepiColombo mission. to provide coverage for upcoming ESA missions, including Solar Orbiter, Hera, and Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. This was completed in late 2025. The antenna

Since June 2019, operational support and maintenance of the station has been the responsibility of CSIRO.

NNO-1

The station operates a dish designated NNO-1 capable of two-way transmission in both S- and X-bands using 2 and 20-kilowatt transmitters, as well as cryogenic low noise amplifiers for downlink. The antenna weighs over and is tall. Future upgrade plans include adding a K<sub>a</sub>-band station to support international missions. NNO-2 acts as an acquisition aid for the dish for fast-moving satellites and launch vehicles during their launch and early orbit stage.

The NNO-2 mount is capable of tracking at 20 degrees per second in azimuth and 10 degrees per second in elevation.

The dish has a half-power beam width of 1.9 degrees at S-band and 0.5 degrees at X-band and can be used to communicate with spacecraft up to in altitude. To help in signal acquisition when the spacecraft position is too uncertain, the dish has a dish piggy-backed onto it, with a half-power beam width of 3.5 degrees at X-band. There is no S-band capability on the dish.

NNO-2 may also be operated independently of NNO-1, as it commonly does during support activities for launches of Ariane 6 and Vega rockets from the Guiana Space Centre.

NNO-3

thumb|Crane lift of the 35m NNO3 main reflector and backup structure during construction. NNO1 is in the foreground.

Construction of the NNO-3 antenna at New Norcia was completed in late 2025. The new antenna is built to the same mechanical specification as NNO-1, utilising a main reflector on a mount capable of 1 degree-per-second tracking in both azimuth and elevation, by a consortium of companies. The antenna supports X-, K- and Ka-bands uplink and downlink, and has provision for a future 100kW class X-uplink.

The antenna is in the final fit-out phase, with operations scheduled to begin in January 2026.

Biomass calibration transponder

thumb|The Biomass Calibration Transponder at New Norcia Station, pictured during the first calibration pass of the Biomass spacecraft

A 435MHz (also called P-band) transponder supports the Biomass spacecraft. This antenna performs calibration of the spacecraft during its mission to map Earth's bio-matter.

The antenna makes use of a phased array of patch antennas, rather than the more usual parabolic reflector used for higher frequencies. It is housed within a small radome, which protects the antenna from weather, to ensure calibration passes can be performed regardless of wind speed.

Launcher tracking

thumb|Operations staff at New Norcia during the countdown for VA262, the Maiden Ariane-6 launch

New Norcia station is routinely involved in tracking rocket launches from the Guiana Space Centre, including Ariane 6 and Vega launch vehicles, utilising the NNO-2 antenna, and occasionally NNO-1 for longer supports where the launcher ascends to higher orbits. During these supports New Norcia relays telemetry from the upper stage of the launcher back to Kourou.

References

  • Talking to Satellites in Deep Space from New Norcia, chapter from ESA Bulletin, May 2003.
  • Europe’s Access to Deep Space: The Deep Space Ground Station in Australia