Naim Süleymanoğlu (23 January 1967 – 18 November 2017) was a Turkish Olympic weightlifter. He was a seven-time World Weightlifting champion and a three-time Olympic gold medalist who set 51 world records. At 147 cm in height, Süleymanoğlu's short stature and great strength led to him being nicknamed "Pocket Hercules". He is widely considered as one of the greatest Olympic weightlifters of all time, with many calling him the best pound-for-pound weightlifter in the history of weightlifting.
At the 1988 Summer Olympics, Süleymanoğlu set multiple world records in the featherweight division in the snatch, clean and jerk, and total. Following the 1988 Summer Olympics, he made the cover of Time magazine. Süleymanoğlu went on to win Olympic gold in 1992 and 1996. He was awarded the Olympic Order in 2001. In 2000 and 2004, he was elected as a member of the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.
Early life in Bulgaria, early career, and defection to Turkey
thumb|left|Birthplace of Süleymanoğlu in Ptichar village, Kardzhali, Bulgaria.
Süleymanoğlu was born in Ptichar, Kardzhali Province, Bulgaria. His father was a miner who stood only five feet tall, while his mother was four-foot-seven. He set a world weightlifting record during his teens and would have been an overwhelming favorite to win gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics had Bulgaria not joined in a boycott by the Eastern Bloc.
In the 1980s, Bulgaria's government implemented a program called the Revival Process which required ethnic minorities to adopt Slavic names and barred their languages. As a result, Süleymanoğlu was forced to change his name to Naum Shalamanov (Bulgarian: Наум Шаламанов) in 1985. He decided to leave Bulgaria after these experiences and he conducted encrypted correspondence with Turkish Squad during the period.
While on a trip to the World Cup Final in Melbourne in 1986, Süleymanoğlu escaped his handlers, and after several days in hiding, he defected at the Turkish Embassy in Canberra. When Embassy officials reported the situation to Turgut Özal, The Prime Minister ordered him to be brought at once. He landed in London first, where he was transferred into a private jet to fly into Istanbul and Ankara eventually. After making his way to Istanbul, he changed his name back to Süleymanoğlu.
Olympic competition
In order for Süleymanoğlu to compete at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, the Bulgarian government had to agree to release his eligibility to Turkey. The Turks paid Bulgaria $1.25 million for his release. His main competition was his old teammate from the Bulgarian team, Stefan Topurov. He came out for the snatch portion of the competition after all other athletes had finished and made three consecutive lifts, setting world records in his last two attempts. In the clean and jerk portion, Topurov completed a 175.0 kg clean and jerk after Süleymanoğlu. With his next two lifts, Süleymanoğlu set two more world records and won his first Olympic gold. His last lift was a 190.0 kg clean and jerk that was 3.15 times his body weight, which is the highest ratio clean and jerk to body weight of all time. Using the Sinclair coefficient, his performance at the 1988 Seoul Olympics was the most dominating weightlifting performance of all time. His total was high enough to win the weight class above his. However, he returned to the sport in 1991
Süleymanoğlu made another comeback in a late attempt to earn a fourth gold medal at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, which would have been an Olympic record. However, he failed three attempts at 145 kg and was eliminated from the competition.
Süleymanoğlu is the first and only weightlifter to have snatched 2.5 times his body weight and also is the second of only seven lifters to date to clean and jerk three times his body weight.
Over the course of his career, Süleymanoğlu has won seven World Weightlifting champion and three Olympic gold medals, and set a total of 51 world records from 1983 to 1996. In 2000 and 2004, he was elected a member of the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame. He is regarded as a national hero in Turkey.
Personal life and death
A heavy drinker, Süleymanoğlu suffered from cirrhosis of the liver. In 2009, he was hospitalized for nearly three months.
thumb|upright|Grave of Naim Süleymanoğlu at [[Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery|Edirnekapı Cemetery, Istanbul.]]
On 25 September 2017, Süleymanoğlu was admitted to a hospital due to liver failure.
A movie about his life and career entitled Cep Herkülü: Naim Süleymanoğlu was released in Turkey on November 22, 2019.
Süleymanoğlu's grave was opened on July 4, 2018 for the purpose of extracting a DNA sample. Following his death, a Japanese woman had claimed that her daughter, Sekai Mori, had been fathered by him, and filed a paternity case at a Turkish court. Süleymanoğlu also had three daughters by a Turkish woman.
Major results
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan=2 width=40 | Year
! rowspan=2 width=250 | Venue
! rowspan=2 width=60 | Weight
! colspan=4 | Snatch (kg)
! colspan=4 | Clean & Jerk (kg)
! rowspan=2 width=65 | Total
! rowspan=2 width=40 | Rank
|-
! width=65 | 1
! width=65 | 2
! width=65 | 3
! width=45 | Rank
! width=65 | 1
! width=65 | 2
! width=65 | 3
! width=45 | Rank
|-
! colspan=13 | Olympic Games
|-
| 1988 || align=left | Seoul, South Korea || 60 kg || 145.0 || 150.5 WR || 152.5 WR || 1 || 175.0 || 188.5 WR || 190.0 WR || 1 ||342.5 WR ||
|-
| 1992 || align=left | Barcelona, Spain || 60 kg || 142.5 || <s>153</s> || <s>153</s> || 1 || 170 || 177.5 || — || 1 ||320 ||
|-
| 1996 || align=left | Atlanta, United States || 64 kg || 145 || <s>147.5</s> || 147.5 || 1 || 180 || 185 || 187.5 || 1 ||335 WR ||
|-
| 2000 || align=left | Sydney, Australia || 62 kg || <s>145</s> || <s>145</s> || <s>145</s> || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! colspan=13 | World Championships
|-
| 1983 || align=left | Moscow, Soviet Union || 56 kg || 130.0 WR || — || — || || 160.0 || — || — || || 290.0 ||
|-
| 1985 || align=left | Södertälje, Sweden || 60 kg || 143 WR || — || — || || 180.0 || — || — || || 322.5 ||
|-
| 1986 || align=left | Sofia, Bulgaria || 60 kg || 147.5 WR || — || — || || 188 WR || — || — || || 335 WR ||
|-
| 1989 || align=left | Athens, Greece || 60 kg || 140.0 || 145.0 || — || || <s>172.5</s> || 172.5 || <s>192.5</s> || || 317.5 ||
|-
| 1991 || align=left | Donaueschingen, Germany || 60 kg || 135.0 || 137.5 || <s>140.0</s> || || 165.0 || 172.5 || <s>180.0</s> || || 310.0 ||
|-
| 1993 || align=left | Melbourne, Australia || 64 kg || 140.0 || 145.0 || — || || <s>175.0</s> || 177.5 WR || — || || 322.5 WR ||
|-
| 1994 || align=left | Istanbul, Turkey || 64 kg || 142.5 || 145.0 || 147.5 WR || || 177.5 || 181.0 || 182.5 WR || || 330.0 WR ||
|-
| 1995 || align=left | Guangzhou, China || 64 kg || <s>145.0</s>|| 145.0 || 147.5 || || 180.0 || <s>185.0</s> || — || || 327.5 ||
|-
! colspan=13 | Friendship Games
|-
| 1984 || align=left | Varna, Bulgaria || 56 kg || 132.5 || — || — || 1 || 165.0 || — || — || 1 || 297.5 ||
|-
|}
Career bests
- Snatch: 152.5 kg in class to 60 kg.
- Clean and jerk: 170.5 kg 1984 in Varna in class to 56 kg.
- Clean and jerk: 190.0 kg in class to 60 kg.
- Total: 342.5 kg (152.5 + 190.0) 1988 Summer Olympics in class to 60 kg.