Nabokov (masculine, ) or Nabokova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  • Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (1899–1977), Russian–American author, entomologist, and chess problem composer
  • Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (1870–1922), Russian criminologist, journalist, and politician, and father of Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov
  • Konstantin Dmitrievich Nabokov (1872–1927), Russian author and diplomat
  • Nicolas Nabokov (1903–1978), Russian–American composer, cousin of Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov
  • Dmitri Nabokov (1934–2012), singer and author, son of Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov
  • Evgeni Nabokov (born 1975), Kazakh–Russian ice hockey player