is a fictional character from the Dragon Ball series created by Akira Toriyama, a genie who serves as the assistant to Earth's guardian deity and the caretaker of their residence, which is located high above the sky. He first appears in the one hundred sixty-third chapter of the Dragon Ball manga, published in 1988. In the Japanese anime adaptations, his voice actor was Toku Nishio, before Yasuhiko Kawazu took over the role for Dragon Ball Kai. For English language media, he was voiced by Christopher Cason in 1999 and from 2010 on. The character was also voiced by Chris Sabat from 2000 up until 2005.

Mr. Popo's design and humanoid appearance has been criticized as an offensive racist stereotype by some commentators, such as children's book author and activist Carole Boston Weatherford. As a result of the controversy, Mr. Popo's appearance had been modified in some media depictions of the character: his lips are downsized digitally in the American release of the Dragon Ball manga by Viz Media, and his skin is recoloured blue from his original black colour in the CW4Kids TV broadcast of Dragon Ball Kai.

Development

Mr. Popo was initially envisioned by series creator Akira Toriyama as a reptilian humanoid with a chicken-like beak that had several variant designs, including one sketch with curly hair, though all of which were ultimately discarded. The early concept art sketches of Mr. Popo are included in the 30th Anniversary Dragon Ball Super History Book published in 2016.

According to Toriyama, Mr. Popo has served as an assistant to successive generations of gods who preside over Earth in the Dragon Ball universe, suggesting that he existed long before the "Nameless Namekian" arrived on Earth and subsequently serve as the world's guardian deity. Besides being a skilled practitioner of martial arts, Toriyama noted that Mr. Popo is also responsible for crafting the physical appearance of the wish-granting dragon Shenron, originally created by the Namekian Kami" and summoned from Earth's seven Dragon Balls, as it is derived from a figurine modeled by Mr. Popo. In 2009, the CW4Kids airing of Dragon Ball Z Kai recoloured Mr. Popo's black skin to be blue and his lips orange-yellow in hue.

Voice acting

Mr. Popo is voiced by Toku Nishio in the original series, Yasuhiko Kawazu in Kai, and Kimiko Saitō in Dragon Ball Daima. Prior to Kawazu, Dai Matsumoto voiced him in Budokai 3 and Budokai Tenkaichi. In English, he was voiced by Alvin Sanders in the Ocean dub, and by Chris Cason and Christopher Sabat in the Funimation dubs. Cason's lines as Popo in the original airings of Dragon Ball Z were dubbed over by Sabat by the time the remastered DVDs were released, only for Cason to take over again as Mr. Popo in Kai. Other English voice actors include Doug Rand, who voiced Mr. Popo in the AB Groupe dub of the sixth DBZ film; Apollo Abraham, who was heard in the obscure Philippine dub of said film by Creative Products Corp.; and David Alan Pettitt, who lent his voice in the Blue Water dubs of Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball GT. Sabat in particular is fond of the character, and was hopeful that the character would eventually be added into the roster of the popular fighting game Dragon Ball FighterZ as part of future downloadable content.

Appearances

A supporting character who has few overall appearances within the series, Mr. Popo's duties consist of looking after Kami, tending to his residence, and reconstructing Shenron if the dragon's physical form is destroyed. He also tends to an ancient butterfly garden that he cultivated thousands of years prior to the events of the series. In Dragon Ball, Popo is far stronger than Son Goku when he first arrives at Kami's Palace. He trains Goku for three years until the boy learns everything he knows. Some of the techniques Goku developed under the tutelage of Mr. Popo include the Chou Kamehameha, a more lethal version of his signature attack. In Dragon Ball Z, he helps Bulma, Krillin, and Gohan by divulging the location of Kami's old starship to facilitate their journey to Planet Namek. He then serves Dende as his attendant upon the latter's ascension as Earth's new guardian deity later in the narrative.

Mr. Popo has demonstrated the ability to magically create objects from seemingly out of thin air, for example a flying carpet which he uses as transportation in the anime story arc Garlic Junior Saga, though the character is also depicted as capable of flight or levitation using ki. Unlike series protagonist Goku, Mr. Popo can teleport instantly to a desired location without requiring the use of an energy signature to home in on. In the Dragon Ball Z anime, Mr. Popo has a brief match with Son Goten and Trunks who have transformed into Super Saiyan form where he holds his own, blocking or dodging several hits and even appearing unfazed after being struck by a kick.

Controversy and reception

The Dragon Ball media franchise, particularly the anime adaptation of Dragon Ball Z, has long been popular with black communities around the world, as well as hip hop culture and art movement. For many African Americans who grew up watching Dragon Ball anime, the design of Mr. Popo is regarded as an example of highly offensive black stereotypes.

  • Jovial, rotund appearance specific to Japan
  • Dominion over time
  • The Tibetan name: ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།, THL: nak po chen po, (emphasis added) meaning "Great Black One"
  • Acting as a keeper of wisdom

Notably, however, Toriyama grew up at the height of the craze, and, at the time of the character's debut in 1988, Japanese popular culture was still inundated with portrayals of blackface, a controversial form of makeup historically associated with stage and film caricatures of African Americans, or a representation of the antiquated racial term sambo. In 2001, the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia at Ferris State University declared that Mr. Popo is an example of a racist caricature in modern fiction. The Jim Crow Museum later published on their official website a letter written in response to their article from a reader who disagreed with their assertion that characters like Mr. Popo are deliberately anti-black in design.

In a retrospective discussion about the character, Ramsey Isler from IGN suggested that it is easy to label Mr. Popo as a racist caricature if the character is described simply as "the black-skinned, red-lipped, turban-wearing servant of Kami". On one hand, he questioned the likelihood of whether Toriyama intentionally made a racist joke through Mr. Popo, acknowledging an argument from some quarters that Mr. Popo's appearance may have been "a little artistic license for an imaginary character", on the basis that "Japanese animation has a history of exaggerating non-Japanese characters because the Japanese population is not very diverse" and that Japanese society "does not have the kinds of racial sensitivities that the Western world has".

See also

  • Jynx, a fictional species of Pokémon also accused of being a racist caricature.

References

  • Comparison shots between Japanese and English versions of Mr. Popo's physical appearance in Dragon Ball manga