thumb|Mishkenot Sha'ananim neighborhood plaque
250px|thumb|right|Mishkenot Sha'ananim guesthouse, restored historical building
Mishkenot Sha'ananim (, lit. Peaceful Dwellings) was the first Jewish settlement built outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, on a hill directly across Mount Zion. It was built in 1859–1860. This guesthouse was one of the first structures to be built outside the Old City, the others being Kerem Avraham, the Schneller Orphanage, Bishop Gobat school, and the Russian Compound.
History
Ottoman period
Mishkenot Sha'ananim was built by British Jewish banker and philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore in 1860, after he acquired the land from the Governor of Jerusalem, Ahmad Agha Duzdar.
On the night of 1 January 1873, Aaron Hershler was standing guard at the Montefiore Windmill, when a group of Arab Muslims from Silwan attempted to rob his family's home in Mishkenot Sha'ananim. Hershler took chase and was shot 12 times. He died in the hospital on 5 January and was buried on the Mount of Olives. Seventy-five years after his death, Hershler was recognized by the Israel Defense Forces as the first "national martyr" in the Jewish-Arab conflict. He is one of approximately three dozen Jews killed during Ottoman-ruled Palestine, who are commemorated as part of Israeli's annual Yom Hazikaron memorial day.
It was built as an almshouse, paid for by the estate of an American Jewish businessman from New Orleans, Judah Touro. Since it was outside the walls and open to Bedouin raids, pillage and general banditry rampant in the region at the time, the Jews were reluctant to move in, even though the housing was luxurious compared to the derelict and overcrowded houses in the Old City. The name of the neighborhood was taken from the Book of Isaiah: "My people will abide in peaceful habitation, in secure dwellings and in peaceful resting places" (). Only the poorest inhabitants remained, turning the complex into a slum.
Restoration after 1967
The no-man's-land bordering Mishkenot Sha'ananim was captured by Israel during the 1967 War, together with the rest of Eastern and Old Jerusalem.
In 1973, Mishkenot Sha'ananim was turned into an upscale guesthouse for internationally acclaimed authors, artists and musicians visiting Israel.
<gallery widths=180>
File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7571.jpg|Etzioni Flame
File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7584.jpg|Montefiore Windmill
File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7586.jpg|Ha-Takhana
File:16-03-30-Jerusalem Mishkenot Sha’ananim-RalfR-DSCF7637.jpg|Jerusalem as the Center of the World by David Breuer-Weil (after the Bünting Clover Leaf Map), in Teddy Kollek Park (2016)
</gallery>
See also
- Yemin Moshe
- Mea Shearim
- Montefiore Windmill
- Statue of Winston Churchill, Mishkenot Sha’ananim
- Mishkenot Shaananim International Writers Festival
- Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century