The Minister of Police () was the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of Police. It was a position in the Government of France from 1796 to 1818 and briefly from 1852 to 1853.
History
The office was created on 2 January 1796 by taking police powers away from the Minister of Interior and giving them to the new Minister of Police. The move was motivated by an apparent overload of the Interior department. The first minister, Philippe-Antoine Merlin, was appointed two days later, as Armand-Gaston Camus refused the office. The most famous minister was Joseph Fouché, whose service spanned over a decade.
It was a major French ministerial position under the Directory, Consulate, First Empire, and Restored Bourbon Dynasty. The position was merged into the Ministry of Interior in 1818, although it was briefly restored by Napoleon III in 1852.
Powers and functions
Officeholders
First Republic
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| Head of State
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|- bgcolor="navy"
| colspan=10|
|-
|
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Armand-Gaston Camus
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
| rowspan=10 | Directory
| rowspan=10 | Directory
|
|-
| 1
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Philippe-Antoine Merlin
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 2
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Charles Cochon de Lapparent
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 3
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 4
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Pierre Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 5
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Nicolas Dondeau
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 6
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 7
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Jean-Pierre Duval
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| 8
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Claude Sébastien Bourguignon
| <br /><small>'</small>
| <br /><small>'</small>
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 80px
| rowspan=2 style="background:" |
| rowspan=2 | Joseph Fouché
| rowspan=2 | <br /><small>'</small>
| rowspan=2 | <br /><small>'</small>
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| Consulate
| Napoléon Bonaparte
|}
First Empire
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| Emperor
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|-
| (9)
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Joseph Fouché<br / ><small>Duc d'Otrante</small>
|
|
|
| rowspan=2 | Napoléon
| rowspan=2 | Napoléon I
|
|-
| 10
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Anne Jean Marie René Savary<br /><small>Duc de Rovigo</small>
|
|
|
|
|}
Restoration
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| King
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|-
| 11
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Jules Anglès
|
|
|
| Provisional Government
| rowspan=2 | Louis XVIII
|
|-
| 12
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Jacques Claude<br /><small>Comte Beugnot</small>
|
|
|
| Restoration
|
|}
Hundred Days
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| Emperor
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|-
| 13
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Joseph Fouché<br / ><small>Duc d'Otrante</small>
|
|
|
| rowspan=2 | Hundred Days
| rowspan=2 | Napoléon I
|
|-
| 14
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Jean Pelet<br / ><small>Comte de la Lozère</small>
|
|
|
|
|}
Kingdom of France
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| King
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|-
| 15
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Joseph Fouché<br / ><small>Duc d'Otrante</small>
|
|
|
| Talleyrand-Périgord
| rowspan=2 | Louis XVIII
|
|-
| 16
| 80px
| style="background:" |
| Élie Louis<br / ><small>Duc Decazes</small>
|
|
|
| Richelieu
|
|}
Second Republic
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2|
! style="width:5%" rowspan=2| Portrait
! style="width:20%" rowspan=2, colspan=2| Name
! colspan=3| Term
! style="width:13%" rowspan=2| Government
! rowspan=2| President
! style="width:2%" rowspan=2| Ref.
|-
! style="width:13%" | Took office
! style="width:13%" | Left office
! style="width:13%" | Time in office
|-
| 17
| 80px
| style="background:; width:1%" |
| Charlemagne de Maupas
|
|
|
| Napoléon II – III
| Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
|
|- bgcolor="crimson"
| colspan=10|
|}