Merrimac is a small town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the southeastern border of New Hampshire, approximately northeast of Boston and west of the Atlantic Ocean. It was incorporated on April 11, 1876. It is situated along the north bank of the Merrimack River in the Merrimack Valley. The population was 6,723 at the 2020 census. Historically a mill town, it has long since become a largely residential community. It is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area.
History
thumb|left|Merrimac Street in 1911
Settled by the English in 1638 as a part of Salisbury and later as a part of Amesbury around the village of Merrimacport, it was known throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as an agricultural and fishing community, with a small amount of shipbuilding. When Amesbury separated from Salisbury in 1666, Merrimac was referred to as the West Parish of Amesbury, or simply West Amesbury, although it was unincorporated. When a border dispute between the Massachusetts and New Hampshire colonies was settled in 1741, the new border sliced off the parts of Amesbury that were further from the Merrimack River, with the area then associated with West Amesbury becoming the "new town" of Newton, New Hampshire.
In 1771, the West Parish of Amesbury (present-day Merrimac) had a population of at least four enslaved Africans. They were held in bondage by town residents Isaac Merrill, Benjamin Morse, and Wells Chase. At least one former enslaved African, "Forte," who was sold by an unknown West Newbury slaver to Christopher Sargent, became locally famous for his fiddling after the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts.
In the nineteenth century, benefiting from a manufacturing boom following the establishment of some of the first planned industrial cities in the United States, nearby Lawrence and Lowell, Merrimac came to be known worldwide for its horse-drawn carriage industry. During this period, the town proper of Merrimac, centered around Merrimac Square, expanded separately from the village of Merrimacport. In 1876, Merrimac, including Merrimacport, separated from Amesbury and officially incorporated itself as a town. It is believed that the town, as well as the river that runs along its southern border, are both named for the American Indian tribe that occupied the region. "Merrimac" (or Merrimack) means "swift water place" in the language of this tribe. This town center consists of the typical brick buildings and Victorian architecture of the late nineteenth century, and it is surrounded by much of the town's population. Interstate 495 now divides Merrimacport from Merrimac. At the beginning of the twentieth century, as with the rest of the New England, it went through a period of deindustrialization as the region's industry relocated to the Midwest. The communities of the Merrimack Valley, including Merrimac, were particularly affected by this long period of economic decline and have never fully recovered.
Today, Merrimac is a typical small New England community. It went through numerous growth spurts throughout the 1990s and the beginning of the twenty-first century as it was absorbed into the Lawrence metropolitan area.
thumb|left|Merrimac Square in 1911
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 4.48%, is water. Merrimac is drained by the Merrimack River, whose north bank the town lies on. Located in the Merrimack River Valley and on the coastal plain of Massachusetts, Merrimac's land consists mainly of small, forested hills (before the twentieth century, it was mostly pasture). The town also has several ponds, streams and Lake Attitash (which is located partially in Merrimac, and partially in neighboring Amesbury).
Merrimac is roughly diamond-shaped, and is bordered by Amesbury and Lake Attitash to the northeast, West Newbury to the southeast, Haverhill to the southwest, Newton, New Hampshire, to the north and northwest, South Hampton, New Hampshire, to the far northeast, and Plaistow, New Hampshire, on the western corner. The town is northeast of Lawrence, southeast of Manchester, New Hampshire, and north of Boston. Merrimac lies along Interstate 495, with Exit 115 (old exit 53) giving access to the town. Massachusetts Route 110 also passes through the town, just north of I-495. There are no bridges crossing the Merrimack directly into the town; the Rocks Village Bridge lies just to the south of town in Haverhill, and the nearest downstream crossing is the Whittier Memorial Bridge in Amesbury.
Demographics
thumb|left|Merrimacport village in 1911
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,723 people residing in the town, up from 6,338 at the 2010 census. The population density was , based on a land area of .
According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020–2024 American Community Survey estimates, there were 2,815 households in the town, with an average household size of 2.39 people. The population was 16.5% under the age of 18 and 26.7% age 65 or older. Females made up 45.7% of the population.
Per the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, any resident of Merrimac may introduce legislation with the support of 10 registered voters.
Merrimac is part of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex district.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Merrimac presidential election results
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! Democratic
! Republican
! Third parties
! Total Votes
! Margin
|-
|align="center" |2020
|align="center" |58.05% 2,549
|align="center" |39.28% 1,725
|align="center" |2.66% 117
|align="center" |4,391
|align="center" |18.77%
|-
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |49.74% 1,895
|align="center" |42.57% 1,622
|align="center" |7.69% 293
|align="center" |3,810
|align="center" |7.17%
|-
|align="center" |2012
|align="center" |51.53% 1,847
|align="center" |46.32% 1,660
|align="center" |2.15% 77
|align="center" |3,584
|align="center" |5.22%
|-
|align="center" |2008
|align="center" |53.76% 1,918
|align="center" |43.47% 1,551
|align="center" |2.77% 99
|align="center" |3,568
|align="center" |10.29%
|-
|align="center" |2004
|align="center" |52.70% 1,796
|align="center" |46.01% 1,568
|align="center" |1.29% 44
|align="center" |3,408
|align="center" |6.69%
|-
|align="center" |2000
|align="center" |51.00% 1,537
|align="center" |40.94% 1,234
|align="center" |8.06% 243
|align="center" |3,014
|align="center" |10.05%
|-
|align="center" |1996
|align="center" |56.22% 1,478
|align="center" |29.52% 776
|align="center" |14.26% 375
|align="center" |2,629
|align="center" |26.70%
|-
|align="center" |1992
|align="center" |41.52% 1,117
|align="center" |31.15% 838
|align="center" |27.32% 735
|align="center" |2,690
|align="center" |10.37%
|-
|align="center" |1988
|align="center" |50.22% 1,232
|align="center" |47.74% 1,171
|align="center" |2.04% 50
|align="center" |2,453
|align="center" |2.49%
|-
|align="center" |1984
|align="center" |36.73% 753
|align="center" |62.93% 1,290
|align="center" |0.34% 7
|align="center" |2,050
|align="center" |26.20%
|-
|align="center" |1980
|align="center" |33.25% 659
|align="center" |49.14% 974
|align="center" |17.61% 349
|align="center" |1,982
|align="center" |15.89%
|-
|align="center" |1976
|align="center" |48.31% 945
|align="center" |48.26% 944
|align="center" |3.43% 67
|align="center" |1,956
|align="center" |0.05%
|-
|align="center" |1972
|align="center" |39.71% 714
|align="center" |59.34% 1,067
|align="center" |0.95% 17
|align="center" |1,798
|align="center" |19.63%
|-
|align="center" |1968
|align="center" |41.42% 717
|align="center" |52.63% 911
|align="center" |5.95% 103
|align="center" |1,731
|align="center" |11.21%
|-
|align="center" |1964
|align="center" |58.69% 959
|align="center" |41.00% 670
|align="center" |0.31% 5
|align="center" |1,634
|align="center" |17.69%
|-
|align="center" |1960
|align="center" |36.10% 601
|align="center" |63.90% 1,064
|align="center" |0.00% 0
|align="center" |1,665
|align="center" |27.81%
|-
|align="center" |1956
|align="center" |21.17% 304
|align="center" |78.83% 1,132
|align="center" |0.00% 0
|align="center" |1,436
|align="center" |57.66%
|-
|align="center" |1952
|align="center" |24.61% 363
|align="center" |75.32% 1,111
|align="center" |0.07% 1
|align="center" |1,475
|align="center" |50.71%
|-
|align="center" |1948
|align="center" |34.01% 451
|align="center" |64.63% 857
|align="center" |1.36% 18
|align="center" |1,326
|align="center" |30.62%
|-
|align="center" |1944
|align="center" |32.81% 375
|align="center" |66.93% 765
|align="center" |0.26% 3
|align="center" |1,143
|align="center" |34.12%
|-
|align="center" |1940
|align="center" |32.97% 418
|align="center" |66.48% 843
|align="center" |0.55% 7
|align="center" |1,268
|align="center" |33.52%
|}
Education
The following schools in the Pentucket Regional School District serve the town of Merrimac. All regional schools, however, are located in neighboring West Newbury. Merrimac High School operated until 1958, but closed when Pentucket Regional High School opened.
- Frederick N. Sweetsir School – named for a doctor who practiced in Merrimac
- Helen R. Donaghue School – named for a former principal of the school
- Pentucket Regional Middle School
- Pentucket Regional High School
For high school, students also have the option of attending the following vocational/agricultural schools.
- Whittier Regional Vocational Technical High School
- Essex Agricultural and Technical High School
Notable people
thumb|A statue of Merrimac native Ephraim Morse, far left, in Sefton Plaza of [[San Diego, California's Balboa Park, which he helped found and develop.]]
- Dennis Berran, outfielder for the Chicago White Sox
- Pat Freiermuth, Tight End for the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers, drafted 55th overall in 2021
- Richard P. Gabriel, computer scientist known for his contributions to the Lisp programming language community
- Ephraim Morse, early settler of San Diego, California and one of the founders of Balboa Park
- Henry Boynton Smith, Presbyterian theologian
- Kevin J. Sullivan, Massachusetts politician and former mayor of Lawrence
- George W. Weymouth, Massachusetts politician and former U.S. Representative
- John Greenleaf Whittier, Poet and Activist
Sites of interest
- Lake Attitash (and Indian Head Park)
- The Merrimac Public Library, which is part of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium.
- Merrimac Square
- Merrimac Town Forest
- Merrimac Training Field
- Merrimacport
Annual events
Merrimac is home to several regional events:
- The Merrimac Santa Parade
- Merrimac Old Home Days
<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px">
Image:Merrimac Town Hall, MA.jpg|Town Hall on the Square
Image:Pilgrim Congregational Church, Merrimac MA.jpg|Pilgrim Congregational Church
Image:Merrimac-westnewbury-aerial.jpg|Aerial view of Merrimac and neighboring West Newbury
</gallery>
References
External links
- Town of Merrimac official website
- Merrimac Public Library
- 1872 Map of Amesbury (Merrimac was then known as West Amesbury) from plate 9 of the 1872 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimac from plate 172 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimacport from plate 154 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex County.
- 1884 Map of Merrimac Village from plate 151 of the 1884 Atlas of Essex county.
- 1888 Merrimac article by William T. Davis on pages 1535–1556 in Volume II of the History of Essex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches, published by D. Hamilton Hurd in 1888.
- 1922 Merrimac article Chapter 30 on pages 313–318 of Volume I of the Municipal History of Essex County, edited by Benjamin F. Arrington, published 1922 by Lewis Historical Publishing.