Table
In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content. For a sortable list, see List of chemical elements.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
!width="50"| Reference !!width="90"| Kelvin !!width="90" | Celsius !!width="90"| Fahrenheit !!style="text-align:left" width="230" | Comments
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 1 H --> 1 H hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 13.99 K || −259.16 °C || −434.49 °F
|-
| WEL || 14.01 K || −259.14 °C || −434.45 °F
|-
| CRC || || −259.16 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −259.35 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 2 He --> 2 He helium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| rowspan="4"| use || 0 K || || || style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal" | hcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| 1.463 K || || || style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal" | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| 1.762 K || || || style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal" | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| 1.772 K || || || style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal" | triple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
|-
| WEL || 0.95 K || −272.2 °C || −458 °F
|-
| LNG || || −272.15 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 25 atm)
|-
| rowspan="4"| || 0 K || || || style="text-align:left" | hcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
|-
| 1.463 K || || || style="text-align:left" | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
|-
| 1.762 K || || || style="text-align:left" | triple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
|-
| 1.772 K || || || style="text-align:left" | triple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 3 Li --> 3 Li lithium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 453.65 K || 180.50 °C || 356.90 °F
|-
| WEL || 453.69 K || 180.54 °C || 356.97 °F
|-
| CRC || || 180.50 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 180.54 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 4 Be --> 4 Be beryllium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1560 K || 1287 °C || 2349 °F
|-
| WEL || 1560 K || 1287 °C || 2349 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1287 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1287 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 5 B --> 5 B boron
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2349 K || 2076 °C || 3769 °F
|-
| WEL || 2349 K || 2076 °C || 3769 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2075 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2076 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 6 C --> 6 C carbon (graphite)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || || ||
|-
| WEL || ? (3800 K) || ? (3527 °C) || ? (6381 °F)
|-
| CRC || || tp 4489 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 10.3 MPa)
|-
| LNG || || subl. (3915–4020) °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 6 C --> 6 C carbon (diamond)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || || ||
|-
| WEL || ? (3800 K) || ? (3527 °C) || ? (6381 °F)
|-
| CRC || || 4440 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 12.4 GPa)
|-
| LNG || || 3500 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 63.5 atm)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 7 N --> 7 N nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 63.15 K || −210.00 °C || −346.00 °F
|-
| WEL || 63.05 K || −210.1 °C || −346.18 °F
|-
| CRC || || −210.00 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −210.01 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 8 O --> 8 O oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 54.36 K || −218.79 °C || −361.82 °F
|-
| WEL || 54.8 K || −218.3 °C || −360.9 °F
|-
| CRC || || −218.79 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −218.4 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 9 F --> 9 F fluorine (F<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 53.48 K || −219.67 °C || −363.41 °F
|-
| WEL || 53.53 K || −219.62 °C || −363.32 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp −219.67 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −219.61 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 10 Ne --> 10 Ne neon
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 24.56 K || −248.59 °C || −415.46 °F
|-
| WEL || 24.56 K || −248.59 °C || −415.46 °F
|-
| CRC || || −248.59 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −248.67 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 11 Na --> 11 Na sodium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 370.944 K || 97.794 °C || 207.9 °F
|-
| WEL || 370.87 K || 97.72 °C || 207.9 °F
|-
| CRC || || 97.794 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 97.82 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 12 Mg --> 12 Mg magnesium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 923 K || 650 °C || 1202 °F
|-
| WEL || 923 K || 650 °C || 1202 °F
|-
| CRC || || 650 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 651 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 13 Al --> 13 Al aluminium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 933.47 K || 660.32 °C || 1220.58 °F
|-
| WEL || 933.47 K || 660.32 °C || 1220.58 °F
|-
| CRC || || 660.32 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 660.323 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 14 Si --> 14 Si silicon
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1687 K || 1414 °C || 2577 °F
|-
| WEL || 1687 K || 1414 °C || 2577 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1414 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1412 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus (white)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 317.30 K || 44.15 °C || 111.47 °F
|-
| WEL || 317.3 K || 44.2 °C || 111.6 °F
|-
| CRC || || 44.15 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 44.15 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus (red)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 870 K || 597 °C || 1107 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp 590 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 597 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus (black)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 883 K || 610 °C || 1130 °F
|-
| CRC || || 610 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 16 S --> 16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 368.4 K || 95.3 °C || 203.5 °F || style="text-align:left" | (trans. to beta)
|-
| CRC || || 95.3 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (trans. to mono)
|-
| LNG || || 94.5 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (trans. to beta)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 16 S --> 16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 388.36 K || 115.21 °C || 239.38 °F
|-
| WEL || 388.36 K || 115.21 °C || 239.38 °F
|-
| CRC || || 119.6 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 115.21 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 16 S --> 16 S sulfur (gamma)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 380.0 K || 106.8 °C || 224.2 °F
|-
| LNG || || 106.8 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 17 Cl --> 17 Cl chlorine (Cl<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 171.6 K || −101.5 °C || −150.7 °F
|-
| WEL || 171.6 K || −101.5 °C || −150.7 °F
|-
| CRC || || −101.5 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −101.5 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 18 Ar --> 18 Ar argon
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 83.81 K || −189.34 °C || −308.81 °F
|-
| WEL || 83.8 K || −189.3 °C || −308.7 °F
|-
| CRC || || −189.34 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −189.38 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 19 K --> 19 K potassium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 336.7 K || 63.5 °C || 146.3 °F
|-
| WEL || 336.53 K || 63.38 °C || 146.08 °F
|-
| CRC || || 63.5 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 63.38 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 20 Ca --> 20 Ca calcium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1115 K || 842 °C || 1548 °F
|-
| WEL || 1115 K || 842 °C || 1548 °F
|-
| CRC || || 842 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 842 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 21 Sc --> 21 Sc scandium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1814 K || 1541 °C || 2806 °F
|-
| WEL || 1814 K || 1541 °C || 2806 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1541 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1541 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 22 Ti --> 22 Ti titanium (hexagonal)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1941 K || 1668 °C || 3034 °F
|-
| WEL || 1941 K || 1668 °C || 3034 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1668 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1668 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 23 V --> 23 V vanadium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2183 K || 1910 °C || 3470 °F
|-
| WEL || 2183 K || 1910 °C || 3470 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1910 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1917 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 24 Cr --> 24 Cr chromium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2180 K || 1907 °C || 3465 °F
|-
| WEL || 2180 K || 1907 °C || 3465 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1907 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1907 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 25 Mn --> 25 Mn manganese
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1519 K || 1246 °C || 2275 °F
|-
| WEL || 1519 K || 1246 °C || 2275 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1246 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1244 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (face-centered tetragonal)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 26 Fe --> 26 Fe iron
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1811 K || 1538 °C || 2800 °F
|-
| WEL || 1811 K || 1538 °C || 2800 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1538 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1535 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 27 Co --> 27 Co cobalt
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1768 K || 1495 °C || 2723 °F
|-
| WEL || 1768 K || 1495 °C || 2723 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1495 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1494 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 28 Ni --> 28 Ni nickel
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1728 K || 1455 °C || 2651 °F
|-
| WEL || 1728 K || 1455 °C || 2651 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1455 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1453 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 29 Cu --> 29 Cu copper
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1357.77 K || 1084.62 °C || 1984.32 °F
|-
| WEL || 1357.77 K || 1084.62 °C || 1984.32 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1084.62 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1084.62 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 30 Zn --> 30 Zn zinc
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 692.68 K || 419.53 °C || 787.15 °F
|-
| WEL || 692.68 K || 419.53 °C || 787.15 °F
|-
| CRC || || 419.53 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 419.527 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 31 Ga --> 31 Ga gallium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 302.9146 K || 29.7646 °C || 85.5763 °F
|-
| WEL || 302.91 K || 29.76 °C || 85.57 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp 29.771 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 29.7646 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 32 Ge --> 32 Ge germanium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1211.40 K || 938.25 °C || 1720.85 °F
|-
| WEL || 1211.4 K || 938.3 °C || 1720.9 °F
|-
| CRC || || 938.25 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 937.3 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 33 As --> 33 As arsenic
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1090 K || 817 °C || 1503 °F
|-
| WEL || 1090 K || 817 °C || 1503 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp 817 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 3.70 MPa)
|-
| LNG || || 817 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 34 Se --> 34 Se selenium (hexagonal, gray)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 494 K || 221 °C || 430 °F
|-
| WEL || 494 K || 221 °C || 430 °F
|-
| CRC || || 220.5 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 217 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 34 Se --> 34 Se selenium (vitreous)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 453 K || 180 °C || 356 °F || style="text-align:left" | (trans. to gray)
|-
| CRC || || 180 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (trans. to gray)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 35 Br --> 35 Br bromine (Br<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 265.8 K || −7.3 °C || 19 °F
|-
| WEL || 265.8 K || −7.3 °C || 19 °F
|-
| CRC || || −7.2 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −7.25 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 36 Kr --> 36 Kr krypton
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 115.78 K || −157.37 °C || −251.27 °F
|-
| WEL || 115.79 K || −157.37 °C || −251.25 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp −157.38 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 73.2 kPa)
|-
| LNG || || −157.36 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 37 Rb --> 37 Rb rubidium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 312.45 K || 39.30 °C || 102.74 °F
|-
| WEL || 312.46 K || 39.31 °C || 102.76 °F
|-
| CRC || || 39.30 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 39.31 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 38 Sr --> 38 Sr strontium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1050 K || 777 °C || 1431 °F
|-
| WEL || 1050 K || 777 °C || 1431 °F
|-
| CRC || || 777 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 757 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 39 Y --> 39 Y yttrium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1799 K || 1526 °C || 2779 °F
|-
| WEL || 1799 K || 1526 °C || 2779 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1522 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1522 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 40 Zr --> 40 Zr zirconium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2128 K || 1855 °C || 3371 °F
|-
| WEL || 2128 K || 1855 °C || 3371 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1855 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1852 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 41 Nb --> 41 Nb niobium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2750 K || 2477 °C || 4491 °F
|-
| WEL || 2750 K || 2477 °C || 4491 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2477 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2468 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 42 Mo --> 42 Mo molybdenum
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2896 K || 2623 °C || 4753 °F
|-
| WEL || 2896 K || 2623 °C || 4753 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2623 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2622 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 43 Tc --> 43 Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2430 K || 2157 °C || 3915 °F
|-
| WEL || 2430 K || 2157 °C || 3915 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2157 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2157 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Tc-98)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 44 Ru --> 44 Ru ruthenium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2607 K || 2334 °C || 4233 °F
|-
| WEL || 2607 K || 2334 °C || 4233 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2334 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2334 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 45 Rh --> 45 Rh rhodium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2237 K || 1964 °C || 3567 °F
|-
| WEL || 2237 K || 1964 °C || 3567 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1964 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1963 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 46 Pd --> 46 Pd palladium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1828.05 K || 1554.9 °C || 2830.82 °F
|-
| WEL || 1828.05 K || 1554.9 °C || 2830.82 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1554.9 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1555 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 47 Ag --> 47 Ag silver
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1234.93 K || 961.78 °C || 1763.2 °F
|-
| WEL || 1234.93 K || 961.78 °C || 1763.2 °F
|-
| CRC || || 961.78 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 961.78 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 48 Cd --> 48 Cd cadmium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 594.22 K || 321.07 °C || 609.93 °F
|-
| WEL || 594.22 K || 321.07 °C || 609.93 °F
|-
| CRC || || 321.07 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 321 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 49 In --> 49 In indium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 429.75 K || 156.60 °C || 313.88 °F
|-
| WEL || 429.75 K || 156.6 °C || 313.88 °F
|-
| CRC || || 156.60 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 156.60 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 50 Sn --> 50 Sn tin (white)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 505.08 K || 231.93 °C || 449.47 °F
|-
| WEL || 505.08 K || 231.93 °C || 449.47 °F
|-
| CRC || || 231.93 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 231.928 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 51 Sb --> 51 Sb antimony
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 903.78 K || 630.63 °C || 1167.13 °F
|-
| WEL || 903.78 K || 630.63 °C || 1167.13 °F
|-
| CRC || || 630.63 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 630.7 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 52 Te --> 52 Te tellurium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 722.66 K || 449.51 °C || 841.12 °F
|-
| WEL || 722.66 K || 449.51 °C || 841.12 °F
|-
| CRC || || 449.51 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 449.8 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 53 I --> 53 I iodine (I<sub>2</sub>)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 386.85 K || 113.7 °C || 236.66 °F
|-
| WEL || 386.85 K || 113.7 °C || 236.66 °F
|-
| CRC || || 113.7 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 113.60 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 54 Xe --> 54 Xe xenon
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 161.40 K || −111.75 °C || −169.15 °F
|-
| WEL || 161.4 K || −111.7 °C || −169.1 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp −111.795 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (at 81.6 kPa)
|-
| LNG || || −111.8 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 55 Cs --> 55 Cs caesium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 301.7 K || 28.5 °C || 83.3 °F
|-
| WEL || 301.59 K || 28.44 °C || 83.19 °F
|-
| CRC || || 28.5 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 28.44 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 56 Ba --> 56 Ba barium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1000 K || 727 °C || 1341 °F
|-
| WEL || 1000 K || 727 °C || 1341 °F
|-
| CRC || || 727 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 726.9 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 57 La --> 57 La lanthanum
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1193 K || 920 °C || 1688 °F
|-
| WEL || 1193 K || 920 °C || 1688 °F
|-
| CRC || || 918 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 920 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 58 Ce --> 58 Ce cerium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1068 K || 795 °C || 1463 °F
|-
| WEL || 1068 K || 795 °C || 1463 °F
|-
| CRC || || 798 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 795 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 59 Pr --> 59 Pr praseodymium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1208 K || 935 °C || 1715 °F
|-
| WEL || 1208 K || 935 °C || 1715 °F
|-
| CRC || || 931 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 935 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 60 Nd --> 60 Nd neodymium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1297 K || 1024 °C || 1875 °F
|-
| WEL || 1297 K || 1024 °C || 1875 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1021 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1024 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 61 Pm --> 61 Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1315 K || 1042 °C || 1908 °F
|-
| WEL || 1373 K || 1100 °C || 2012 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1042 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1080 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Pm-147)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 62 Sm --> 62 Sm samarium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1345 K || 1072 °C || 1962 °F
|-
| WEL || 1345 K || 1072 °C || 1962 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1074 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1074 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 63 Eu --> 63 Eu europium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1099 K || 826 °C || 1519 °F
|-
| WEL || 1099 K || 826 °C || 1519 °F
|-
| CRC || || 822 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 822 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 64 Gd --> 64 Gd gadolinium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1585 K || 1312 °C || 2394 °F
|-
| WEL || 1585 K || 1312 °C || 2394 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1313 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1312 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 65 Tb --> 65 Tb terbium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1629 K || 1356 °C || 2473 °F
|-
| WEL || 1629 K || 1356 °C || 2473 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1356 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1356 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 66 Dy --> 66 Dy dysprosium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1680 K || 1407 °C || 2565 °F
|-
| WEL || 1680 K || 1407 °C || 2565 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1412 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1412 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 67 Ho --> 67 Ho holmium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1734 K || 1461 °C || 2662 °F
|-
| WEL || 1734 K || 1461 °C || 2662 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1474 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1474 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 68 Er --> 68 Er erbium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1802 K || 1529 °C || 2784 °F
| rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal" |
- The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
- The World Book encyclopedia from 2002 lists 1529 °C.
|-
| WEL || 1770 K || 1497 °C || 2727 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1529 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1529 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 69 Tm --> 69 Tm thulium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1818 K || 1545 °C || 2813 °F
|-
| WEL || 1818 K || 1545 °C || 2813 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1545 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1545 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 70 Yb --> 70 Yb ytterbium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1097 K || 824 °C || 1515 °F
|-
| WEL || 1097 K || 824 °C || 1515 °F
|-
| CRC || || 819 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 819 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 71 Lu --> 71 Lu lutetium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1925 K || 1652 °C || 3006 °F
|-
| WEL || 1925 K || 1652 °C || 3006 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1663 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1663 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 72 Hf --> 72 Hf hafnium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2506 K || 2233 °C || 4051 °F
|-
| WEL || 2506 K || 2233 °C || 4051 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2233 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2227 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 73 Ta --> 73 Ta tantalum
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 3290 K || 3017 °C || 5463 °F
|-
| WEL || 3290 K || 3017 °C || 5463 °F
|-
| CRC || || 3017 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2996 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 74 W --> 74 W tungsten
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 3695 K || 3422 °C || 6192 °F
|-
| WEL || 3695 K || 3422 °C || 6192 °F
|-
| CRC || || 3422 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 3387 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 75 Re --> 75 Re rhenium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 3459 K || 3186 °C || 5767 °F
|-
| WEL || 3459 K || 3186 °C || 5767 °F
|-
| CRC || || 3186 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 3180 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 76 Os --> 76 Os osmium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 3306 K || 3033 °C || 5491 °F
|-
| WEL || 3306 K || 3033 °C || 5491 °F
|-
| CRC || || 3033 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 3045 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 77 Ir --> 77 Ir iridium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2719 K || 2446 °C || 4435 °F
|-
| WEL || 2739 K || 2466 °C || 4471 °F
|-
| CRC || || 2446 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 2447 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 78 Pt --> 78 Pt platinum
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2041.4 K || 1768.3 °C || 3214.9 °F
|-
| WEL || 2041.4 K || 1768.3 °C || 3214.9 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1768.4 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1769 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 79 Au --> 79 Au gold
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1337.33 K || 1064.18 °C || 1947.52 °F
|-
| WEL || 1337.33 K || 1064.18 °C || 1947.52 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1064.18 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1064.18 °C ||
|-
| colspan="4" | freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 80 Hg --> 80 Hg mercury
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 234.32 K || −38.83 °C || −37.89 °F
|-
| WEL || 234.32 K || −38.83 °C || −37.89 °F
|-
| CRC || || tp −38.837 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −38.83 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 81 Tl --> 81 Tl thallium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 577 K || 304 °C || 579 °F
|-
| WEL || 577 K || 304 °C || 579 °F
|-
| CRC || || 304 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 303.5 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 82 Pb --> 82 Pb lead
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 600.61 K || 327.46 °C || 621.43 °F
|-
| WEL || 600.61 K || 327.46 °C || 621.43 °F
|-
| CRC || || 327.46 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 327.43 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 83 Bi --> 83 Bi bismuth
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 544.7 K || 271.5 °C || 520.7 °F
|-
| WEL || 544.4 K || 271.3 °C || 520.3 °F
|-
| CRC || || 271.40 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 271.5 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 84 Po --> 84 Po polonium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 527 K || 254 °C || 489 °F
|-
| WEL || 527 K || 254 °C || 489 °F
|-
| CRC || || 254 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 254 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 85 At --> 85 At astatine
|-
| WEL || 575 K || 302 °C || 576 °F
|-
| CRC || || 302 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 302 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 86 Rn --> 86 Rn radon
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 202 K || −71 °C || −96 °F
|-
| WEL || 202 K || −71 °C || −96 °F
|-
| CRC || || −71 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || −71 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 87 Fr --> 87 Fr francium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 281.0 K || 8.0 °C || 46.4 °F
|-
| Lavrukhina et al. || || 8.0 °C ||
|-
| CRC || || 27 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 88 Ra --> 88 Ra radium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 973 K || 700 °C || 1292 °F
|-
| WEL || 973 K || 700 °C || 1292 °F
|-
| CRC || || 700 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 700.1 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 89 Ac --> 89 Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || circa 1323 K || circa 1050 °C || circa 1922 °F
|-
| WEL || 1323 K || 1050 °C || 1922 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1051 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1050(50) °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Ac-227)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 90 Th --> 90 Th thorium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 2115 K || 1842 °C || 3348 °F
|-
| WEL || 2115 K || 1842 °C || 3348 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1750 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1750 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 91 Pa --> 91 Pa protactinium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1841 K || 1568 °C || 2854 °F
|-
| WEL || 1841 K || 1568 °C || 2854 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1572 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 92 U --> 92 U uranium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1405.3 K || 1132.2 °C || 2070 °F
|-
| WEL || 1405.3 K || 1132.2 °C || 2070 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1135 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1135 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 93 Np --> 93 Np neptunium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 917 K || 644 °C || 1191 °F
|-
| WEL || 910 K || 637 °C || 1179 °F
|-
| CRC || || 644 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 644 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 94 Pu --> 94 Pu plutonium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 912.5 K || 639.4 °C || 1182.9 °F
|-
| WEL || 912.5 K || 639.4 °C || 1182.9 °F
|-
| CRC || || 640 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 639.5 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 95 Am --> 95 Am americium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1449 K || 1176 °C || 2149 °F
|-
| WEL || 1449 K || 1176 °C || 2149 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1176 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1176 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 96 Cm --> 96 Cm curium (Cm-244 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1613 K || 1340 °C || 2444 °F
|-
| WEL || 1613 K || 1340 °C || 2444 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1345 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1340 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Cm-244)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 97 Bk --> 97 Bk berkelium (alpha)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1323 K || 1050 °C || 1922 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1050 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1050 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 97 Bk --> 97 Bk berkelium (beta)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1259 K || 986 °C || 1807 °F
|-
| WEL || 1259 K || 986 °C || 1807 °F
|-
| CRC || || 986 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 986 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 98 Cf --> 98 Cf californium (Cf-252 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1173 K || 900 °C || 1652 °F
|-
| WEL || 1173 K || 900 °C || 1652 °F
|-
| CRC || || 900 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 900 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Cf-252)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!-- 99 Es --> 99 Es einsteinium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1133 K || 860 °C || 1580 °F
|-
| WEL || 1133 K || 860 °C || 1580 °F
|-
| CRC || || 860 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 860 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!--100 Fm --> 100 Fm fermium (Fm-257 ?)
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1800 K || 1527 °C || 2781 °F
|-
| WEL || 1800 K || 1527 °C || 2781 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1527 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1527 °C || || style="text-align:left" | (Fm-257)
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!--101 Md --> 101 Md mendelevium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1100 K || 827 °C || 1521 °F
|-
| WEL || 1100 K || 827 °C || 1521 °F
|-
| CRC || || 827 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!--102 No --> 102 No nobelium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1100 K || 827 °C || 1521 °F
|-
| WEL || 1100 K || 827 °C || 1521 °F
|-
| CRC || || 827 °C ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| <!--103 Lr --> 103 Lr lawrencium
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| use || 1900 K || 1627 °C || 2961 °F
|-
| WEL || 1900 K || 1627 °C || 2961 °F
|-
| CRC || || 1627 °C ||
|-
| LNG || || 1627 °C ||
|}
Notes
- All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point temperature values (marked "tp") are not valid at standard pressure.
References
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992
- G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993
Unit is K.
CRC
Unit is °C
LNG
As quoted from:
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
Unit is °C
Hoffer et al.
Lavrukhina et al.
Holman et al.
:Not used in this table.
Periodic table
See also
- Boiling points of the elements (data page)
- List of chemical elements