Mehedinți County () is a county () of Romania on the border with Serbia and Bulgaria. It is mostly located in the historical province of Oltenia, with one municipality (Orșova) and three communes (Dubova, Eșelnița, and Svinița) located in the Banat. The county seat is Drobeta-Turnu Severin.
Name
The county's name is or in Hungarian. The Romanian form originates from the first one, and a third originates from the Romanian: . The territory was famous for its apiaries, that is why it was named from the Hungarian word meaning bee.
Demographics
In 2021, it had a population of 234,339 and the population density was 48/km².
- Romanians – 93.9%
- Roma – 5.4%
- Serbs – 0.3%
- Czechs – 0.1%
- Others – 0.3%
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population
|-
! 1948
| 304,788
|-
! 1956
| 304,091
|-
! 1966
| 310,021
|-
! 1977
| 322,371
|-
! 1992
| 332,091
|-
! 2002
| 306,732
|-
! 2011
| 254,570
|-
! 2021
| 234,339
|}
Geography
thumb|[[Bulba River at Baia de Aramă]]
This county has a total area of 4,933 km<sup>2</sup>.
In the North-West there are the Mehedinți Mountains with heights up to 1500 m, part of the Western end of the Southern Carpathians.
The heights decrease towards the East, passing through the hills to a high plain - the Western end of the Romanian Plain.
In the South the Danube flows, forming a wide valley, with channels and ponds. Another important river is the Motru River in the East side, an affluent of the Jiu River. Also, in the West side there is the Cerna River forming a passage between the Oltenia region and the Banat region.
Neighbours
- Bulgaria in the South - Vidin Province.
- Serbia in the West and South-West - Bor District and Braničevo District.
- Caraș-Severin County in the North-West.
- Gorj County in the North-East.
- Dolj County in the South-East.
Economy
The energetic sector is highly developed in the county, on the Danube being two big hydro electrical power plants (Iron Gates I and Iron Gates II). Also in NE of Drobeta-Turnu Severin there is a heavy water complex (Romag Prod).
The predominant industries in the county are:
- Chemical industry.
- Food and beverages industry.
- Textile industry.
- Mechanical components industry.
- Railway and ship equipment industry.
- Wood and paper industry.
In the North, coal and copper are extracted.
The South is mainly agricultural, suited for growing cereals on large surfaces. Also vegetables are cultivated and there are important surfaces of wines and fruit orchards.
Tourism
thumb|right|100px|1715 coat of arms of [[Argeș County|Argeș, Teleorman and Mehedinți counties on the frontispice of the Antim Monastery]]
The main tourist destinations are:
- The city of Drobeta-Turnu Severin - the ruins of Trajan's first bridge over the Danube
- The city of Orșova.
- The Mehedinți Mountains.
- The Danube's Iron Gates.
- Baia de Aramă Monastery
- The Via Transilvanica long-distance hiking and biking trail, which crosses the county
Politics
The Mehedinți County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" |
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="15" | Current County Council
|-
|
| Social Democratic Party (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | 15
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| National Liberal Party (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | 11
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| PRO Romania (PRO)
| style="text-align: right" | 2
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| People's Movement Party (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | 2
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|}
Administrative divisions
230px|right|thumb|Ruins of [[Trajan's Bridge, Drobeta-Turnu Severin]]
230px|right|thumb|Drobeta-Turnu Severin
230px|right|thumb|Orșova
Mehedinți County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 61 communes
- Municipalities
- Drobeta-Turnu Severin - capital city; population: 86,475 (as of 2011)
- Orșova
- Towns
- Baia de Aramă
- Strehaia
- Vânju Mare
- Communes
- Bâcleș
- Bala
- Bălăcița
- Balta
- Bâlvănești
- Braniștea
- Breznița-Motru
- Breznița-Ocol
- Broșteni
- Burila Mare
- Butoiești
- Căzănești
- Cireșu
- Corcova
- Corlățel
- Cujmir
- Dârvari
- Devesel
- Dubova
- Dumbrava
- Eșelnița
- Florești
- Gârla Mare
- Godeanu
- Gogoșu
- Greci
- Grozești
- Gruia
- Hinova
- Husnicioara
- Ilovăț
- Ilovița
- Isverna
- Izvoru Bârzii
- Jiana
- Livezile
- Malovăț
- Obârșia de Câmp
- Obârșia-Cloșani
- Oprișor
- Pădina Mare
- Pătulele
- Podeni
- Ponoarele
- Poroina Mare
- Pristol
- Prunișor
- Punghina
- Rogova
- Salcia
- Șișești
- Șimian
- Șovarna
- Stângăceaua
- Svinița
- Tâmna
- Vânători
- Vânjuleț
- Vlădaia
- Voloiac
- Vrata
Historical county
Historically, the county was located in the southwestern part of Greater Romania, in the western part of the historical region of Oltenia. Its capital was Târgu Jiu. The interwar county territory comprised a large part of the current Mehedinți County. At present, its territory comprises a large part of the current territory of Mehedinţi County except for the northern part belonging to Gorj County, while a small part of the former Severin County where Orsova was located is currently part of Mehedinti County.
It was bordered on the west by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in the northwest by Severin County, to the north by Hunedoara County, to the east by the counties of Gorj and Dolj, and in the south by the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
Administration
thumb|right|225px|Map of Mehedinți County as constituted in 1938.
The county was originally divided into four administrative districts (plăși):
- Plasa Câmpul
- Plasa Cloșani, headquartered at Cloșani
- Plasa Motru, headquartered at Motru
- Plasa Ocolul, headquartered at Turnu Severin
Subsequently, Plasa Câmpul was disbanded and replaced with five more districts:
- Plasa Bâcleș, headquartered at Bâcleș
- Plasa Broșteni, headquartered at Broșteni
- Plasa Cujmir, headquartered at Cujmiru
- Plasa Devesel, headquartered at Devesel
- Plasa Vânju Mare, headquartered at Vânju Mare
Population
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 303,878 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 98.7% Romanians, 1.2% Romanis, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the population was 99.0% Eastern Orthodox, 0.5% Roman Catholic, 0.2% Jewish, as well as other minorities.
Urban population
In 1930, the county's urban population comprised 91.3% Romanians, 2.5% Germans, 1.3% Romanies, 1.3% Jews, 1.1% Serbs and Croats, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 92.9% Eastern Orthodox, 4.3% Roman Catholic, 1.5% Jewish, 0.4% Greek Catholic, 0.4% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.