Matthew Baird (October 8, 1817 – May 19, 1877) was one of the early partners in the Baldwin Locomotive Works.
Early life
Baird was born in Derry, Ireland, in 1817. In 1821, at the age of four, his parents brought him to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Baird was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia and, at an early age, secured a position as assistant to one of the professors of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. During that position, he acquired "valuable training and technical knowledge that was of the utmost use to him in his future business career." He then went on to become the superintendent of the Newcastle and Frenchtown Railway (N&F) shops. He left the N&F to become foreman of the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1838. In this position, he was co-author on a patent for a spark arrestor in 1842 that has since become known as the "French and Baird stack".
In 1854, Baird invested in a share of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, becoming a partner. At this time, he developed (but did not patent) a new fire arch to improve steam locomotive combustion. The improved fire arch was subsequently patented by George S. Griggs on December 15, 1857 ().
Upon Baldwin's death in 1866, Baird became the sole proprietor of the company. In 1867, he formed a partnership with George Burnham and Charles T. Parry under the firm name of The Baldwin Locomotive Works, M. Baird & Co., Proprietors, which continued until his retirement in 1873.
- Mary Louise Baird (1859–1946), who married Dr. Edward Oram Shakespeare, a prominent ophthalmic surgeon, in 1889.
- Florence A. Baird (d. 1936), who married diplomat John Brinckerhoff Jackson in 1886.
After the death of his first wife in 1863, he remarried to Anna Wright (1840–1919) on June 1, 1871. Anna was a daughter of politician and landowner Benjamin Franklin Wright and Margaretta Miller (née McLean) Wright. Together, they were the parents of:
- Edgar Wright Baird (1872–1934), who married Mabel Rogers, a granddaughter of William Barton Rogers, founder of MIT.
- William James Baird (1873–1924), who married Maria Uytendale Hendrickson, a daughter of Judge Charles Hendrickson of New Jersey. The Matthew Baird Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.