Mary Had a Little Lamb

"Mary Had a Little Lamb" is an English-language nursery rhyme of nineteenth-century American origin, first published by American writer Sarah Josepha Hale in 1830. Its Roud Folk Song Index number is 7622.

Background

The nursery rhyme was first published by the Boston publishing firm Marsh, Capen & Lyon, as a poem by Sarah Josepha Hale on May 24, 1830, and was possibly inspired by an actual incident. As described in one of Hale's biographies:

Authorship controversy

thumb|right|The [[Redstone School (1798), now in Sudbury, Massachusetts, is the schoolhouse Mary Tyler attended.]]

In 1876, at the age of 70, Mary Tyler emerged to claim that she was the "Mary" from the poem. As a young girl, Mary kept a pet lamb that she took to school one day at the suggestion of her brother. A commotion naturally ensued. Mary recalled, "Visiting school that morning was a young man by the name of John Roulstone; a nephew of the Reverend Lemuel Capen, who was then settled in Sterling, Massachusetts. It was the custom then for students to prepare for college with ministers, and, for this purpose, Roulstone was studying with his uncle. The young man was very much pleased with the incident of the lamb, and, the next day, he rode across the fields on horseback, to the little old schoolhouse and handed me a slip of paper, which had written upon it the three original stanzas of the poem." This account is not supported by evidence beyond Mary's memory. The "slip of paper" has never been produced as evidence. The earliest evidence of the poem's publication is Sarah Josepha Hale's 1830 collection of poems, supporting her complete authorship of the poem.

Even though this claim is unsupported by evidence, multiple sites in Sterling, Massachusetts, perpetuate the claim. A tall statue and historical marker representing Mary's Little Lamb stands in the town center. The Redstone School, where Mary Sawyer attended school and purports the incident took place, was built in 1798. The property was later purchased by Henry Ford and relocated to a churchyard, on the property of Longfellow's Wayside Inn in Sudbury, Massachusetts. Mary Sawyer's house, located in Sterling, Massachusetts, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, but was destroyed by arson on August 12, 2007.

Text

The text as originally published consisted of three stanzas, each of eight lines, although the ABAB rhyme scheme (ABCB in the first four lines) allows each stanza to be divided into two four-line parts.

In the 1830s, Lowell Mason set the nursery rhyme to a melody. However, Mason's version is not the one commonly sung today. Today, it is commonly sung to the same tune as "Merrily We Roll Along" (the chorus of "Goodnight, Ladies") with repetition in the verses:

Recordings

The rhyme was the first audio recorded by Thomas Edison on his newly invented phonograph in 1877. following the recording of the French folk song "Au clair de la lune" by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1860. In 1927, Edison reenacted the recording, which still survives. The earliest recording (1878) was retrieved by 3D imaging equipment in 2012.

Buddy Guy recorded a blues-version of this song for his album A Man and the Blues in 1968. Paul McCartney and Wings made a record hit of the rhyme in 1972. A cover of Buddy Guy's blues variation of this song was also performed by Stevie Ray Vaughan for his album Texas Flood in 1983.

Media

File:Mary_Had_a_Little_Lamb.ogg|Male singing the first verses of "Mary Had a Little Lamb".

File:Mary's_Lamb_music.jpg|Lowell Mason's musical setting of the poem, published in 1831.

File:Mary's_Lamb-_Hale%2C_Mason-_1831.ogg|Lowell Mason's 1831 musical setting, which has since fallen out of use.

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