Maria Dąbrowska (; born Maria Szumska; 6 October 1889 – 19 May 1965) was a Polish writer, novelist, essayist, journalist and playwright, author of the popular Polish historical novel Noce i dnie (Nights and Days) written between 1932 and 1934 in four separate volumes. The novel was made into a film by the same title in 1975 by Jerzy Antczak. Besides her own work, she was also known for translating Samuel Pepys' Diary into Polish. In addition, Dąbrowska was awarded the prestigious Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1935, and she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eleven times between 1939 and 1965.
Biography
thumb|250px|left|Family manor in Russów, where Dąbrowska was raised
Dąbrowska was born Maria Szumska in Russów near Kalisz, Congress Poland, under Tsarist military control.
Politics
When Dąbrowska first met her husband Marian Dąbrowski, he was a political refugee and an active member of the Polish Socialist Party. This, along with rising tensions in Poland during her formative years, launched her into activism herself. One example of this is through two protest articles she wrote for Wiadomosci Literackie Nos. 3 & 4 in 1931: "Rozmova z przyjaciolmi" ("A Talk with Friends") & "Na ciezkiej drodze" ("On a Difficult Road"). These articles spoke out against the holding of the leaders of an initiative that opposed Polish government. These leaders were being held in the fortress of Brzesc under Józef Piłsudski's rule. Dąbrowska thought that this was unjust, and she aimed to contribute to the opposition through her articles.
Writing style
thumb|Maria Dąbrowska property at Komorów by Warsaw, Poland, 6 April 2024
thumb|Maria Dąbrowska sitting, sculpture at her property, [[Komorów, Pruszków County|Komorów by Warsaw, 6 April 2024]]
Dąbrowska was known for having a very socially aware voice that seemed to be dependent on her surrounding world. This gave her a very mature and extroverted point of view. At the time she first started writing, there was a huge amount of historical events that were happening, since it was around the time of World War I. Historical events shaped her writing to the point that, sometimes, her writing was less about creativity and more about conveying information in a concise way (especially in her diaries).
In addition, Dąbrowska wrote a novel – that was not published until after her death – that used a particular device. In Przygody człowieka myślącego (Adventures of a Thinking Man), she transposed her own life experiences onto two characters: Ewa Radgoska and Józef Tomyski. Notably, Józef was a male character. This is a technique that many queer female authors of the early twentieth century used; they would transpose their lives onto male characters in a way to make their lives more digestible to readers at the time.
- 60px Commander's Cross with Star of Order of Polonia Restituta (15 July 1954)
- 60px Cross of Independence (16 March 1963)
- 60px Officer's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta (1 October 1952)
- 60px Golden Cross of Merit (three times, 11 listopada 1934, 15 czerwca 1946, 17 września 1946)
- 60px Golden Academic Laurel (5 November 1935)
- 60px Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland (19 January 1955)
See also
- Polish literature