Mara Region (Mkoa wa Mara in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of . The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of El Salvador. The neighboring regions are Mwanza Region and Simiyu Region (to the south), Arusha Region (to the southeast), and Kagera Region (across Lake Victoria). The Mara Region borders Kenya (to the northeast).The regional capital is the municipality of Musoma. Mara Region is known for being the home of Serengeti National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site and also the birth place of Tanzania's founding father Julius Nyerere. Under British colonial occupation, the Mara Region was a district called the Lake Province, which became the Lake Region after independence in 1961.
Geography
The Mara Region is located in the northern part of mainland Tanzania. It is located between latitudes 1° 0’ and 2° 31’ and between longitudes 33° 10’ and 35° 15’. It contains 30,150 sq kilometers total, 10,584 sq kilometers of such being water area. To the north the Mara Region borders Uganda and Kenya. It is also bordered by the Arusha Region to its east, Simiyu Region to its south, as well as the Mwanza Region in the southwest and west. 15% of Lake Victoria's water body—10,854 square kilometers—is submerged in the Mara Region.
Climate
The maximum temperature of the region is 29.32 °C and minimum of 27.68 °C, with an average of 28.50 °C. The Mara Region experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern, consisting of two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The long rainfall period last between February until June. The short rainfall period last between September and June.
The Mara Region can be divided into 3 climatic zones. The northern zone resides in the Tarime District as well as parts of the Serengeti District. On average, it receives annual rainfall of 1,250-2,000 mm/year. The central zone includes much of Musoma District and eastern parts of Serengeti. It receives an annual rainfall of 900–1300 mm/year. The Lowland zone covers much of Bunda and the lake shores. This zone receives 700–900 mm/year.
Lake Victoria borders the Mara Region of Tanzania. The lake has a surface area 68,800 square km, and its coastline expands over 3,220 km. It is the Nile's principle water reservoir. Lake Victoria has numerous archipelagos, or groups of islands. Islands found in Mara territory are numerous, in the Bunda District Council, there are Bulamba, Nafuba, Sozia, Sata, Namguma, Machwele, Ilela, Igali, Chalika, Nyakalango, Bugulani, Nachenyele, and Guyanza; in the Musoma Municipal Council, Rukuba, and Iriga; and in the Rorya District Council, Towa, Kinesi, and Bugwambwa Island. There are a plethora of over 200 species of fish, however economically tilapia and nile perch are important.
Vegetation
The Mara Region is mostly covered with natural vegetation, but there are also large areas of cultivation that are underutilized. The most prevalent landscape seen in the natural vegetation is the “savannah type” most commonly found in areas that receive annual rainfall between 900 and 1200 mms/year. The Serengeti plains consist of savannah type vegetation with predominant forest vegetation, but mostly scattered woodlands and wooded grasslands. The northern zone, receiving high annual rainfall, is composed of the humid forest. The lowland zones with less annual rainfall consist of wooded grassland and bushland of dense thickets.
14,750 sq kilometers of land is occupied by the Serengeti National Park and is located at the border of the Arusha and Mara Region. It was established in 1951, and contains the vast and astonishing concentration of plain animals left anywhere in Africa.
Economy
Mining, fishing, tourism, cattle raising, crop farming, and cross-border operations are the mainstays of the Mara Region's distinctive and alluring economy.
|-
|1978
| style="text-align:right;" |723,827
|-
|1988
| style="text-align:right;" |946,418
|-
|2002
| style="text-align:right;" |1,363,397
|-
|2012
| style="text-align:right;" |1,743,830
|-
|2022
| style="text-align:right;" |2,372,015
|}
Administrative divisions
Districts
Mara Region is divided into one city council, two town councils and four district councils.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" | Districts of Mara Region
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Map
! style="width: 10em" | District
! style="width: 6em" | Population<br/>(2012)
|-
| rowspan=10 | 300px
| Musoma Municipal
| style="text-align:right;" | 134,327
|-
| Bunda Town
| style="text-align:right;" | 134,327
|-
| Tarime Town
| style="text-align:right;" | 134,327
|-
| Bunda District
| style="text-align:right;" | 335,061
|-
| Butiama District
| style="text-align:right;" | 241,732
|-
| Musoma District
| style="text-align:right;" | 178,356
|-
| Rorya District
| style="text-align:right;" | 265,241
|-
| Serengeti District
| style="text-align:right;" | 249,420
|-
| Tarime District
| style="text-align:right;" | 339,693
|-
| Total
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,924,230
|}
Constituencies
For parliamentary elections, Tanzania is divided into constituencies. As of the 2022 elections the Mara Region had ten constituencies:
- Bunda
- Bunda Urban
- Butiama
- Musoma
- Musoma Urban
- Mwibara
- Rorya
- Serengeti
- Tarime
- Tarime Urban
Notable persons from Mara Region
- Julius Nyerere- the first president of both Tanganyika and Tanzania, attended Mwisenge Primary School in Musoma
- Samwel Mwera, Athlete middle distance
- Paul Bomani, politician
- David Musuguri, former chief of the Tanzanian Defence Forces
- Joseph Warioba- Tanzania's sixth prime minister (1984–1985) and fourth vice president (1985–1990)
- Stephen Wassira- politician
- Maria Nyerere- Tanzania's first first lady
- Daniel Owino Misiani- Tanzanian musician (the founder of Benga music)
- Joseph Marwa, actor
- Dickson Marwa Mkami- Tanzanian long-distance runner
- Suleiman Nyambui Tanzanian Olympic Silver medalist and athlete from Musoma, Mara.
See also
- Serengeti National Park