Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. (MLSE) is a professional sports and commercial real estate company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. With assets that include franchises in four of the six major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada, it is the largest sports and entertainment company in Canada, and one of the largest in North America.

The company's primary holdings are its major sports franchises, the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League, Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association, Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League, and Toronto FC of Major League Soccer, as well as their minor league farm teams, the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL), Raptors 905 of the NBA G League, and Toronto FC II of MLS Next Pro, respectively. In addition, it owns Scotiabank Arena, home arena of the Maple Leafs and Raptors, and OVO Athletic Centre, practice facility for the Raptors. MLSE also manages or has invested in several other sports facilities including BMO Field, home of Toronto FC and the Toronto Argonauts, Coca-Cola Coliseum, home of the Marlies and future home of the Toronto Tempo of the Women's National Basketball Association, Ford Performance Centre, practice facility of the Maple Leafs and Marlies, BMO Training Ground practice facility for Toronto FC and Toronto FC II and home of the TFC Academy, Lamport Stadium, practice facility for the Argonauts, and Paramount Fine Foods Centre, home and practice facility of Raptors 905.

MLSE was founded by Conn Smythe in 1931 as a public company named Maple Leaf Gardens Limited (MLGL), to act as a holding company for the Maple Leafs and their planned new arena Maple Leaf Gardens, from which the company got its name. Smythe transferred his ownership of the Leafs to the company in exchange for shares in MLGL, and sold shares in the holding company to the public to help fund construction of the arena. Following the death of majority owner Harold Ballard in 1990, Steve Stavro led a controversial bid to buy the company and take it private. In 2012, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (OTPP) sold their majority share of the company to a joint venture between Rogers Communications and BCE Inc., two of Canada's largest media companies. In 2025, Rogers purchased BCE's 37.5% share of the company for CA$4.7 billion, giving it 75% ownership and valuing the company at billion.

While initially primarily a hockey company, with ownership stakes in a number of minor and junior hockey clubs including the Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association, the company later branched out to own the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL from the late 1970s to late 1980s, before merging with the Raptors, who were constructing the Air Canada Centre at the time, and adopting their current name in 1998. The company launched Toronto FC in 2007, and purchased the Argonauts in January 2018.

Corporate history

Founding

thumb|left|Maple Leaf Gardens roof under construction, pictured in 1931

The corporation's roots can be traced back to 1927, when Conn Smythe organized a group of investors to purchase Toronto's premier hockey franchise, the Toronto St. Patricks of the National Hockey League (NHL), which had won Stanley Cup championships in 1918 (as the Toronto Arenas) and 1922, from a group headed by Charles Querrie. The club was playing poorly and minority partner Jack Bickell contacted Smythe about becoming coach of the team. However, Smythe told Bickell that he was more interested in buying a stake in the team. Not long after, with the team in trouble financially due to majority owner Querrie having lost a lawsuit to former Toronto Blueshirts owner Eddie Livingstone over ownership of the franchise, Querrie put the St. Pats up for sale and agreed in principle to sell them to C. C. Pyle for $200,000, who planned to move the team to Philadelphia. After Bickell contacted Smythe to inform him of the sale, Smythe persuaded Querrie that civic pride was more important than money and put together a syndicate that bought the St. Pats. Smythe himself invested $10,000 of his own money and his group contributed $75,000 up front and a further $75,000 due 30 days later, with Bickell retaining his $40,000 share in the team. The deal was finalized on Valentine's Day, Later that year, Smythe bought the junior hockey Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association to serve as a developmental team for Maple Leafs.

thumb|The Toronto Maple Leafs, the primary asset of MLGL for many years, play a home game at the Gardens in 1994

In 1929 Smythe decided, in the midst of the Great Depression, that the Maple Leafs needed a new arena. Arena Gardens, their then home which they shared with the Marlboros, Ownership of the hockey team was transferred to MLGL in return for shares. To fund construction of the building, workers were paid 20% of their salary in MLG stock. Construction started on June 1, 1931, and MLG was opened five months and two weeks later, on November 12, 1931, at a cost of $1.5 million ($ in dollars). The Marlboros also moved to the new arena.

To help fill dates at the new arena, Smythe acquired an expansion franchise in the professional International Lacrosse League on behalf of MLGL for the 1932 season, but was renamed the Tecumsehs with the arrival of Smythe's team. Smythe pulled out following the season due to financial losses, and the league did not play the following year.

Minor hockey expansion

The company has owned numerous minor league hockey teams over the years, which have served as developmental farm teams for the Maple Leafs. A group backed by Smythe and Frank Selke of the Montreal Canadiens was awarded an American Hockey League (AHL) franchise for Rochester, New York in July 1956, after a local group could not come up with the US$150,000 in capital required by the league. The Leafs and Canadiens would each own 27.5% of the team, with the balance sold to Rochester interests. The team was named the Rochester Americans. The Amerks were a joint affiliate of both the Canadiens and the Maple Leafs, In the summer of 1959 the Maple Leafs bought out the Canadiens' ownership share of the club, giving them a 55% controlling interest, due to concerns that with Montreal operating the club they were giving their prospects priority over those of the Leafs. boosting their ownership share to 98% by November 1964. In July 1966 the Maple Leafs sold the team to a group which included their then General Manager Punch Imlach for a reported $400,000.

thumb|Maple Leaf Gardens, the former home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, after which MLGL was named

In June 1963 the Spokane Comets Western Hockey League franchise was purchased by a group led by the Maple Leafs, who relocated them to become the Denver Invaders and act as the Leafs' farm team. Though the league did not acknowledge that the Maple Leafs had an ownership stake in the team, they held a majority position with the Denver partners only owning roughly 36%. Following reported losses of $150,000 in their first season, Smythe announced that the team would be relocated after the team failed to reach a 2,000 season ticket target by a league-imposed deadline. The team became the Victoria Maple Leafs for the following season. In June 1967 MLGL sold the team for $500,000 to a group from Phoenix, which relocated it to become the Phoenix Roadrunners.

In 1964 MLGL the Tulsa Oilers of the Central Professional Hockey League were launched. The team was owned and operated by MLGL as a developmental club for the Maple Leafs. Prior to the 1976–77 season the Maple Leafs decided to share an affiliate with the Chicago Black Hawks in an attempt to reduce costs, and pulled out of the Blazers.<!--When did they pull out? Did they fold or sell the franchise?--> In 1978 the New Brunswick Hawks of the AHL were established, and were jointly operated by the Chicago Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs as their farm team. MLGL and the Black Hawks each owned half of the franchise. However, by 1980 MLGL had decided that the Leafs needed a team of their own, Shortly thereafter, with Chicago having pulled out of New Brunswick in favour of affiliating with the Springfield Indians on their own, The team played in St. Catharines until 1986, and after stops in Newmarket, Ontario as the Newmarket Saints (1986–1991) and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador as the St. John's Maple Leafs (1991–2005), the team moved to Toronto as the Toronto Marlies (named after the company's former junior team) where they have been playing ever since.

The Toronto Marlboros served as a junior farm team for the Maple Leafs for 40 years until direct NHL sponsorship of junior clubs ended in 1967 when the NHL made the Entry Draft universal. However, the Leafs retained the rights to the Marlies name.

Growth beyond hockey

In 1967 MLGL entered into negotiations to purchase the financially struggling Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team of the minor AAA International League. The asking price was $60,000. but the city ultimately decided to renovate Exhibition Stadium to make it suitable for baseball. At the time, the MLGL group, led by Lorne Duguid, vice-president of Hiram Walker Distillers and MLGL executive, was one of at least four bidding for a Toronto MLB team, including competing groups led by Labatt Brewing Company, Robert Hunter, the former President of the International League Maple Leafs, and Canadian Baseball Co, led by Sydney Cooper. After negotiating with the owners of the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians and Oakland Athletics in their attempt to acquire a team for Toronto, MLGL offered $15 million for the San Francisco Giants but the team's owner decided in early 1976 to sell the club to the Labatt group for US$13.25 million. While the Giants' relocation was ultimately rejected by a U.S. court, Labatt was awarded an expansion team in the American League that became the Toronto Blue Jays for US$7 million later that year.

A team named the Toronto Maple Leafs competed in the inaugural season of the National Lacrosse Association, a professional box lacrosse league, in 1968 at MLG. MLGL owners Ballard and Stafford Smythe were two of the five founding partners of the club, but financial difficulties forced MLGL to take over ownership midway through the season. The NLA suspended operations prior to the following season.

thumb|Ivor Wynne Stadium, former home of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats which MLGL owned from the late 1970s to the late 1980s

In the early 1970s MLGL announced plans to apply for a second Toronto-based Canadian Football League team, in addition to the Toronto Argonauts, which would play at Varsity Stadium, but the proposal never went anywhere. In 1974, when his former partner John W. H. Bassett put the Argonauts up for sale for $3.3 million, Ballard expressed interest in buying the team, but it was ultimately sold to William R. Hodgson. Shortly thereafter Ballard tried to buy the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL from owner Michael DeGroote, but this offer was also rejected. Three money-losing seasons later, in February 1978, DeGroote sold the team to MLGL for $1.3 million. During his tenure as owner of the Tiger-Cats, Ballard repeatedly threatened to move the franchise to Toronto's Varsity Stadium, which was vetoed by the Argos, and claimed to have lost roughly $20 million over 11 seasons. MLGL sold the team in March 1989 to David Braley for $2.

Ruby Richman, the former coach of Canada men's national basketball team, working with Ballard pursued a number of existing National Basketball Association (NBA) and American Basketball Association (ABA) teams to relocate to Toronto to play at MLG in the 1970s. Later, Richman held negotiations with the Detroit Pistons, which were seeking $5 million for the franchise, but pulled out when the price was raised to $8.25 million. and again several times later, but the owners eventually chose to move the team to San Diego. When Toronto was awarded an expansion NBA franchise in 1974 for the 1975–76 season MLGL was one of three groups to bid for the rights to the team, but the club never materialized as no group was able to secure funding for the expansion fee of $6.8 million. MLGL attempted to purchase and relocate the Houston Rockets in 1975, which were seeking $8 million for the team, but the team's lease ultimately prevented a relocation. In 1976 MLGL attempted to buy the Atlanta Hawks. A Toronto group, which included Bill Ballard, son of Harold, and Basketball Hall of Famer Wilt Chamberlain submitted an application and US$100,000 deposit for an NBA expansion franchise for MLG in 1986, but of the six cities to apply Toronto was not one of the four which were successful. It was not until the NBA awarded an expansion franchise to John Bitove, over a group led by future MLSE minority owner Larry Tanenbaum which was supported MLGL, that the city would get an NBA team, with the Toronto Raptors joining the NBA for the 1995–96 season.

Merger with the Raptors and rebranding

In 1997 it was reported that the Maple Leafs were in negotiations to purchase the Toronto Shooting Stars of the National Professional Soccer League. The team had been suspended following their inaugural season playing at MLG during which the club lost nearly $1 million and the league was forced to take over operations after only three games when ownership pulled out. However, the team never returned to play. Following the inaugural season of the Hamilton, Ontario-based Ontario Raiders of the National Lacrosse League in 1998, in which they lost $250,000 playing at Copps Coliseum, owner Chris Fritz was forced to look for partners. MLSE engaged in negotiations to purchase the team and have it play at MLG. However, a group which included Bill Watters, the then Assistant General Manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs, ultimately bought the team for $250,000 and promptly moved it to MLG where they rebranded the team the Toronto Rock. MLSE held negotiations with the Arena Football League in 1998 on acquiring a US$4–7 million expansion franchise for the following season to coincide with the opening of the ACC. The company also submitted an application for a Women's National Basketball Association franchise, but was rejected by the league due to concerns about their readiness.

thumb|left|Scotiabank Arena, home to the Maple Leafs and Raptors since 1999, came under the ownership of MLGL while under construction with the merger of the two franchises

With MLG aging, MLGL began planning for a new home arena for the Maple Leafs in the 1990s. At the time, the Raptors were constructing a new arena, later to be called Scotiabank Arena, which they invited the Maple Leafs to be a joint tenant at. However, MLGL reject the offer, arguing that "the footprint is too small". talks began again between the two groups. MLGL put forward a proposal to the city to construct a new $300 million shared arena just to the north, on top of the rail tracks Union Station, with the already under construction Raptors arena being converted to a bus terminal. However, the proposal died when an agreement could not reached with the City of Toronto government on rent for the land. In November 1997 MLSE submitted a new proposal for a $250 million arena at Exhibition Place. However, after years of acrimonious negotiations MLGL purchased 100% of the Raptors basketball club and the ACC, from Allan Slaight and the Bank of Nova Scotia on February 12, 1998. MLGL paid a reported $467 million, made up of $179 million for the team and $288 million for the arena. Richard Peddie, who had been President of the Toronto Raptors, was retained in the merger and became MLSE's president and CEO. That July the company adopted a new name, Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE), to reflect its broader holdings. MLSE subsequently ordered major modifications to the original design of the ACC, which was basketball-specific, to make it more suitable for hockey. Originally planned to cost $217 million, the budget was increased to $265 million after MLSE took control. In February 1999 the company opened the ACC as the new home to the Leafs and Raptors. MLG, which was left with no major tenants, was sold in 2004 for $12 million to Loblaw Companies, Canada's largest food retailer, which converted the ground level into one of its Loblaws franchises. A condition of the sale was that it was not to be used as a sports and entertainment facility, though MLSE eventually consented to allowing a small arena to be restored in the building to house Ryerson University's Ryerson Rams (now Toronto Metropolitan University's TMU Bold).

thumb|A Raptors game at Air Canada Centre in 2006 following their acquisition by MLGL

The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) granted MLSE two category 2 digital specialty channel licenses in 2000 for Leafs TV and Raptors NBA TV, which launched on September 7, 2001. The channels were used by MLSE to broadcast live games involving their teams in an attempt to increase competition for their rights and drive up the fees paid by other broadcasters. after the arena was left without a hockey tenant following the termination of their lease with the Toronto Roadrunners, the AHL affiliate of the Edmonton Oilers, for defaulting on their rent. MLSE agreed to a 20-year lease (with an option to extend the term by a further 10 years) for the Coliseum, that called for rent to cover debt financing charges, property taxes and generate a return to the arena investors, which exceeds $4 million annually.

thumb|Condos at Maple Leaf Square, built by a partnership including MLSE next to Scotiabank Arena

MLSE announced in April 2005 that they would be working with Cadillac Fairview (a wholly owned subsidiary of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan) and Lanterra Developments to build Maple Leaf Square, a major entertainment complex situated next to the ACC. The $500 million complex, which was completed in 2010, is a mixed use facility with tenants including MLSE owned Real Sports Apparel, Real Sports Bar and Grill, and e11ven restaurant, as well as Hotel St. Germain, Longo's grocery store, office space and condominium residences. In conjunction there was a two-year, $48 million renovation of the ACC to connect it with the square, which added a new atrium which includes a high-definition broadcast studio for Leafs TV, NBA TV Canada and GolTV Canada. The external wall of the atrium features a 30 by video screen, which often broadcasts games to spectators gathered in the plaza in front of the arena. Real Sports Apparel relocated next to Gate 1 of the ACC in 2014.

Further expansion

thumb|left|Toronto FC scores their first goal at BMO Field in 2007 following their launch by MLSE

thumb|Fans watch the Toronto Maple Leafs play the Boston Bruins in game 2 of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in the [[2013 Stanley Cup playoffs at Maple Leaf Square, a plaza built by MLSE next to the Scotiabank Arena]]

MLSE was awarded a Major League Soccer expansion team for Toronto, which would become known as Toronto FC, in 2005 for US$10 million. The company also agreed to contribute $8 million towards the construction of Toronto FC's future home BMO Field, which was to cost $62.9 million total, and purchased the naming rights to the stadium for $10 million for 20 years, which they subsequently resold to the Bank of Montreal for $27 million over the first 10 years. MLSE also agreed to cover any construction cost overruns. The governments of Canada, Ontario and Toronto contributed $27 million, $8 million and $9.8 million respectively, with the City of Toronto also providing the land. In return, MLSE got the management rights for the stadium for 20 years. Prior to the 2010 MLS season, MLSE spent $3.5 million to convert the stadium from FieldTurf to natural grass, and a further $2 million to expand the north end by 1,400 seats. As part of the deal to convert the field to natural grass, MLSE spent $1.2 million adding a winter bubble to Lamport Stadium and $800,000 building a new artificial turf field to replace the community use hours lost at BMO Field. The company manages the operations of the facility during the winter season, when the field is covered by the dome and community soccer programs are held.

MLSE partnered with Rogers Communications in 2005 to bid to host a regular season National Football League game in Toronto. On January 30, 2008, it was announced that Rogers and Larry Tanenbaum, chairman of MLSE, had reached an agreement with the Buffalo Bills to host an annual regular-season and three exhibition NFL games over five seasons at Toronto's Rogers Centre beginning in 2008, with the games branded the Bills Toronto Series. At the time MLSE was considering bringing an NFL team to Toronto permanently and building them a new stadium, but abandoned the idea when they concluded that the project would not generate sufficient financial return to justify the significant cost of the project. It has been reported that MLSE is interested in building and managing the proposed NFL stadium, which it has already begun designing. In 2013 MLSE minority owner Tanenbaum and board member Edward Rogers III partnered with musician Jon Bon Jovi to purchase an NFL team. Following the death of Bills' owner Ralph Wilson in 2014 the group submitted an offer to purchase the franchise, with speculation that they would move the team to Toronto when their lease permitted it, but were outbid by the Pegulas.

thumb|Logo of MLSE following the launch of Toronto FC, which was used until 2014

MLSE explored purchasing the Argonauts of the CFL at least twice in the 2000s and 2010s, with minority partner Tanenbaum keen to add control of the team to his portfolio, but concluded that the cost and effort required to make the team profitable was not worth the minimal financial upside. In 2013 it was reported that the company was considering purchasing the team and having them play at a renovated BMO Field, but later coming down to $10 million. A vote by MLSE's board on purchasing the team was called in December 2013, but they were unable to come to an agreement on the issue. On May 20, 2015, it was announced that two of the three ownership partners of MLSE, Bell Canada and Tanenbaum's Kilmer Group, had acquired ownership of the Argos, with the deal to close at the end of the year, and would move the team to BMO Field for the 2016 season. It was speculated that Rogers was not interested in investing in the team since Bell had exclusive rights to broadcast all CFL games. MLSE eventually purchased the Argos in January 2018. According to the National Post, the sale, which came less than a month after the team won the 2017 Grey Cup, "is expected to help the Argos, given MLSE's financial scale and promotional, ticketing and operational advantages." Additionally, it was thought that control of the Argos by MLSE would enhance Toronto's chances of acquiring an NFL franchise, Upon completion of the sale MLSE owned four of the five major league sports teams in Toronto, with only the Blue Jays not owned by MLSE, although their owner (Rogers Communications) has an ownership stake in MLSE.

When the nearby city of Oshawa built a new arena, known as General Motors Centre, MLSE was chosen to manage the building. However, disappointing results in the first year and a half of operations following the arena's opening in November 2006 led MLSE to request that its contract be terminated in March 2008.

Recent projects

In 2008 MLSE launched the TFC Academy youth system to develop soccer players for Toronto FC, by taking advantage of MLS's new homegrown player rule which allows clubs to sign players they develop without being subject to the MLS SuperDraft. The senior academy team originally competed in the Canadian Soccer League until pulling out in early 2013 due to the CSL losing its sanctioning from the Canadian Soccer Association. The team played that year in the Ontario Soccer League before joining League1 Ontario for the 2014 season. In September 2018 the U20 team left L1O and transformed into a U19 team that competed in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy (USSDA), along with U17 and U15 teams. After the USSA announced in April 2020, that they were ceasing operations permanently due to financial struggles brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, MLS announced that it was creating MLS Next as a replacement elite youth player development platform, which the Toronto FC Academy would participate in.

It was announced in January 2009 that MLSE would acquire the 80.1% interest in GolTV Canada, a digital cable soccer channel, held by MLSE owner Tanenbaum through Insight Sports. The channel operated as a localized version of GOL TV USA, which owned the remaining 19.9%, with focus on Toronto FC. In early 2015 MLSE informed the CRTC that it had acquired full ownership of the channel, however the channel ceased operations and the license was abandoned effective August 31, 2015. In November 2009 MLSE applied to the CRTC for a Category 2 digital TV license for a general interest sports service provisionally named Mainstream Sports, which was granted in June 2010. MLSE planned to establish the channel as a regional sports network to broadcast its teams' games, with the tentative name "Real Sports" (similar to the branding of MLSE's sports bar and apparel store). It was never revealed whether the channel would have replaced, or supplemented, MLSE's existing digital channels. Peddie credited the threat of an in-house sports channel as a motivator for Rogers and Bell, owners of sports channels Sportsnet and TSN respectively, to purchase the company to avoid having to pay inflated fees or be shut out from broadcasting MLSE teams' games. The acquisition of MLSE by Rogers and Bell in 2012, and associated agreements to divide the company's regional broadcast rights between the two, eliminated the need for the channel and its license expired after the three-year deadline for launch passed in 2013. In August 2022 it was announced that Leafs Nation Network, the rebranded Leafs TV specialty channel devoted to the Maple Leafs and Marlies, would cease operations on September 1. The channel had been valued at $19 million on behalf of the CRTC in 2012.

thumb|left|Ford Performance Centre, practice facility of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Marlies

In September 2009 the Maple Leafs and Marlies opened a new hockey practice facility, the MasterCard Centre (later renamed the Ford Performance Centre). The arena was a joint venture between MLSE, the Lakeshore Lions Club and the City of Toronto government to replace the nearby Lakeshore Lions Arena. Originally planned to cost $29 million, rising expenses resulted in the final cost being million. The Toronto District School Board leased the land for the arena to the Lakeshore Lions for a 50-year term. MLSE pays $600,000 annually to rent the building, The city's intention was to return the arena to private management within 2–3 years, with a councillor suggesting that MLSE, which operated BMO Field and the CNE Coliseum on behalf of the city, would be "the logical party". A spokesperson for the company said that "while we don't have any interest in purchasing the facility, we are open to discussing the possibility of managing the facility on behalf of the City".

thumb|BMO Training Ground, practice facility of Toronto FC and Toronto FC II, and home to the TFC Academy

In May 2011 construction began on KIA Training Ground, Toronto FC's new academy and training facility located at Downsview Park. Opened in June 2012, it includes three grass fields, one domed turf field and a field house. MLSE spent more than $21 million building the facility and pays rent for the land on a 20-year lease. In July 2014 it was announced that MLSE would expand the training grounds at a cost of $2 million to house a practice facility for the Argos, which would rent the facility from MLSE and practice on a nearby city owned field. The team moved in that September, but later moved their practice facility to Lamport Stadium in 2018. In 2018 the facility was renamed BMO Training Ground & Academy, after a sponsorship agreement was signed with the Bank of Montreal.

Peddie retired as president and CEO of MLSE at the end of 2011 after 14 years on the job. While he tripled the value of the company, The Leafs had not won a championship since 1967, and at the time the only other major championship won under MLSE ownership was the 74th Grey Cup in 1986 by the Tiger-Cats. Though Tom Anselmi briefly took over as president, in June 2013 he was replaced by high-profile executive Tim Leiweke who had previously run Anschutz Entertainment Group. On August 21, 2014, Leiweke announced that he was stepping down, but would remain in his position until a successor was appointed. MLSE announced on October 29, 2015, that Michael Friisdahl had been hired as Leiweke's successor as president and CEO, and would officially assume his duties in December 2015. When Friisdahl announced that he was leaving MLSE in January 2022, CFO Cynthia Devine named interim President and CEO to replace him. In January 2024 it was announced that Keith Pelley had been hired as president and CEO of MLSE, effective April 2, 2024.

In November 2014 MLSE announced the establishment of Toronto FC II, a minor league professional soccer team playing in the United Soccer League (now known as the USL Championship) which would serve as TFC's reserve team and a bridge to their academy. The team began play in 2015 at a newly renovated 2,000-seat stadium constructed at the Ontario Soccer Centre in Vaughan, just north of Toronto, with plans to expand it to 5,000 by 2017. However, after the expansion, which was required to meet the minimum seat requirement set by the United States Soccer Federation for the USL to be sanctioned as a division 2 league, did not materialize the club announced that it would move its home games to BMO Field and Lamport Stadium beginning with the 2018 season. On July 2, 2018, the club announced that it would move to USL League One for the league's first season in 2019. When MLS established its own minor league, MLS Next Pro, in 2022, TFC II joined and moved their home games to York Lions Stadium.

thumb|left|Paramount Fine Foods Centre, hosting a Raptors 905 game in 2017

In June 2015 MLSE announced that it had purchased a NBA Development League franchise to serve as a minor league farm team for the Raptors, which would be named Raptors 905 and begin play that fall at the Hershey Centre in Mississauga, a suburb of Toronto. The franchise reportedly cost $6 million. Hamilton's Copps Coliseum and Oshawa were reportedly considered to host the franchise, as was Rochester, New York, which is just across the United States border, due to the tax and visa complications posed by a Canadian-based franchise. In 2024 the city of Mississauga and MLSE partnered to build a new practice facility for the Raptors 905 next to the arena, with MLSE agreeing to contribute up to $5.8 million of the $12.8 million cost. Construction started in June 2024, and the facility opened in March 2026.

thumb|BMO Field, hosting a TFC game after completion of major renovations in 2016

The financial success of Toronto FC led MLSE to undertake a major renovation of BMO Field. Under a two phase process, the stadium's capacity was increased from 21,566 to 30,000 by May 2015, and a canopy roof covering most permanent seating areas was added and the pitch lengthened to fit a Canadian football field by May 2016. The renovated stadium can be temporarily expanded to a capacity of roughly 40,000 for big events. The renovations were originally budgeted to cost $120 million, but the final amount spent ended up being $150 million. The City insisted that the renovations accommodate the CFL, as the Argonauts had to vacate the Rogers Centre by the end of the 2017 season. The sale of the Argos to an ownership group consisting of MLSE owners Bell and Tanenbaum in May 2015 was accompanied by an announcement that an agreement had been reached with MLSE for the team to relocate to the stadium for the 2016 season. The Argos contributed $10 million to the conversion costs to make the field CFL compatible, which was matched by MLSE. The Argos purchase agreement called for two Grey Cups to be played at BMO Field, the first being in 2016. MLSE announced in December 2017 that it had agreed to purchase the Toronto Argonauts outright, with the deal finalized on January 19, 2018.

thumb|left|OVO Athletic Centre, the Raptors practice facility, in 2019

In February 2026, MLSE opened Biosteel Centre, a new practice facility for the Raptors at Exhibition place. The facility was constructed based on an agreement with the City of Toronto, with MLSE paying the $30 million construction cost and leasing the property from the city for $205,000 annually, subject to reassessments for inflation. The term of the lease is 20-years, with two options to extend it by a further 10 years, after which the city would take ownership of the building. In March 2019, the Raptors reached an agreement with OVO on a new naming rights deal to brand the facility as the OVO Athletic Centre.

In February 2015, MLSE confirmed that they planned to launch a professional boxing series, featuring 3-4 major fights a year co-promoted with Groupe Yvon Michel. Originally scheduled to start with a World Boxing Council (WBC) light heavyweight title fight in April at Ricoh Coliseum, this was delayed due to regulatory restrictions on the amount of gauze that can be used for wrist wraps in Ontario. MLSE and Michel joined with Lennox Lewis to promote a WBC light-heavyweight title fight in September 2015 at Ricoh Coliseum. On November 12, 2025, MLSE announced a "long-term strategic partnership" with World Wrestling Entertainment, including cross-promotion of WWE talent with players from MLSE-owned franchises.

In August 2017 MLSE announced that it had reached an agreement with Scotiabank to rename the ACC Scotiabank Arena, effective July 1, 2018, for a reported CAD $800 million over 20 years, which would make it the largest such deal in North American sports history.

MLSE considered purchasing the Toronto Blue Jays of MLB and Sportsnet from Rogers Communications, but concerns about the viability of Rogers Centre as a baseball venue and the profitability of the team led the company to decide against pursuing either. and in May 2012, after the Leeds United Supporters Trust put out a request for a takeover of the Football League Championship team from majority shareholder Ken Bates, it was reported that MLSE were in talks to buy the club. However, the company later denied that it planned to purchase the club. In 2015 reports emerged that MLSE was investigating taking over the bankrupt Parma F.C. of Italy's Serie A. In May 2022, Tanenbaum indicated that MLSE was exploring opportunities for professional women's sports teams in hockey, basketball, and soccer for Toronto. Although the company considered applying for a Toronto-based Women's National Basketball Association expansion franchise, they eventually decided against it. Instead, Tanenbaum's Kilmer Sports Ventures independently submitted an application for a WNBA expansion team for Toronto, which was granted by the league in May 2024.

In September 2025, MLSE announced that they had entered into a partnership with the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League to promote the growth of football in Canada and market Bills merchandise at their Real Sports Apparel store. When asked about the possibility of Toronto again hosting Bills games, team COO Pete Guelli and MLSE president Keith Pelley did not rule it out, but Guelli stated that the Bills' focus in the short term was on opening their new stadium, New Highmark Stadium.

Timeline of sports franchise ownership

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Ownership

Conn Smythe

thumb|Conn Smythe, founder of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment

Although Conn Smythe was the face of MLGL from its founding in 1931, he did not acquire majority ownership of the company until 1947, following a power struggle between directors who supported him as president and those who wanted him replaced with Frank J. Selke. With the help of a $300,000 loan from Toronto stockbroker and MLGL shareholder Percy Gardiner, and the support of minority partner Jack Bickell, Smythe was able to buy 30,000 shares in MLGL from Gardiner and installed himself as president on November 19, 1947, replacing Edward Bickle. The loan was paid off in 1960. In November 1961, Smythe sold 45,000 of his 50,000 shares to a three-person partnership formed by his son Stafford Smythe, Harold Ballard, and John Bassett (owner of the Toronto Telegram and part-owner of the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts) for $2.3 million. When combined with their own holdings, this gave the Stafford-Ballard-Bassett partnership 87,000 shares, representing 60% of the company. According to several sources, Conn thought the sale was only to his son, Within three years under the new owners, profits had tripled to just under $1 million. Ballard negotiated lucrative deals to place advertising throughout the building, and greatly increased the number of seats in the arena.

Following a Royal Canadian Mounted Police raid at MLG in 1968, Stafford was charged with income tax evasion, and he and Ballard were accused of illegally taking money from MLGL to pay for home renovations and other personal expenses. Just before the charges were laid, Bassett argued to the board of directors that Stafford and Ballard should be removed from their posts. On June 26, 1969, following an 8–7 vote of the board, Stafford and Ballard were both fired, and Bassett was appointed president of MLGL. However, Bassett did not force Stafford and Ballard to sell their shares, and both men remained on the board. This proved to be a serious strategic blunder; Stafford was the largest single shareholder in MLGL, and he and Ballard controlled almost half the company's stock between them. They were thus able to regain control of the board in 1970, and Stafford was once again appointed president. each partner was allowed to buy the other's shares upon their death. Stafford's brother and son tried to keep the shares within the family, but in February 1972 Ballard bought all 251,545 of Stafford's shares for $7.5 million, valuing the company at $22 million. Six months later, Ballard was convicted of 47 charges, including fraud and theft of money and goods, and sentenced to three years in a federal penitentiary.

Harold Ballard

In 1966, Ballard set up a family holding company named Harold E. Ballard Ltd. (HEBL) for his assets, including his shares in MLGL, as part of an estate freeze. Ballard distributed 103 common shares in HEBL, with his three children (Bill, Harold Jr., and Mary Elizabeth) each receiving 34 which were held in trust, and his wife Dorothy receiving 1, which Harold would inherit upon her death three years later. While the equity of the company was vested in the common stock, both common and preferred shares each received a single vote, ensuring that Harold retained control of the company. Harold Jr.'s shares were subsequently retired.

Though Ballard ran up significant amounts of personal debt during his ownership of MLGL, he made the company very profitable, so much so that MLG became known as the "Cashbox on Carlton Street", referring to the address of the arena. Upon Harold's death on April 11, 1990, and the league instructed them to sell the shares within an "adequate amount of time." Stavro personally loaned the estate the funds to pay off the debt, and in exchange, he received an option to purchase the estate's HEBL shares before January 1996. Shortly thereafter it was announced that Stavro had reached a deal with Molson on an option to purchase their MLGL shares until April 1994 and for Molson to waive their option on the estate's shares. MLG Holdings Ltd. (MLGH), of which Stavro owned 80% and TD Bank controlled the remaining 20%, held a 51% ownership stake in MLGV, with the remaining 49% owned by Teachers'. The following month MLGV announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase the 60.3% of MLGL held by Harold's estate for $34 a share or $75 million total, valuing the company at $125 million. Molson also sold its 19.9% of MLGL to MLGV in April 1994 for $25 million.

MLGV subsequently purchased all the remaining shares and took MLGL private in 1998, after acquiring more than the 90% of stock necessary to force objecting shareholders out, and MLGL and MLGV amalgamated. Ontario's Office of the Public Trustee, which was charged with representing the charities named by Harold's will as beneficiaries, argued that Stavro had a conflict of interest as both executor of the will and buyer and had not paid market value because there was no public bidding process for the shares. Teachers' invested $44.3 million and TD $9.75 million in the deal. This tiered ownership structure gave Stavro effective control of MLGL with only a net 29% stake of the company. On December 5, 2008, CTVglobemedia (the renamed Bell Globemedia) sold half of its 15.4% stake to Tanenbaum for $100 million, making Tanenbaum the second-largest stakeholder with 20.7%.

Bell and Rogers

In December 2010 it was reported that Rogers Communications, owner of the Toronto Blue Jays, was in negotiations to purchase the Teachers' 66% stake in MLSE, with the asking price set at $1.3 billion, and in March 2011 Teachers' confirmed that their share in the company was up for sale. Tanenbaum's right of first refusal on the shares gave him control over any sale by Teachers'.

In November 2011 Teachers' announced that they were taking the company off the market. giving the company an equity value of $1.66 billion and an enterprise value of $2 billion due to the assumption of their share of MLSE's $372 million in debt and $66 million in leases.

The deal required the approval of Canada's Competition Bureau, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (with regards to MLSE's TV channels), as well as the NHL, the AHL, the NBA, and MLS (with regards to each of MLSE's main sports franchises). The Competition Bureau announced in May 2012 that it would not challenge the transaction, but that it will "actively review" the situation in light of "serious concerns" expressed by various parties, reserving the right to take action at a later date. The NHL Board of Governors approved the sale at a meeting in Las Vegas on June 19, 2012. The final approval, that of the CRTC, was granted on August 16, with the commission noting that it only had jurisdiction over the TV channels owned by MLSE (the transfer of ownership from MLSE to Bell, Rogers and Kilmer directly, it decided, posed no major concerns), and not the broadcast rights associated with MLSE's teams. The transaction closed on August 22, 2012.

Two numbered companies were created to jointly hold stock. Following the restructuring, the ownership hierarchy of MLSE was:

  • Kilmer Sports (holding company of Larry Tanenbaum) – 25%

This ownership structure ensures that, at the shareholder level, Rogers and Bell vote their overall 75% interest in the company together and thus decisions on the management of the company must be made by consensus of the two. (If Rogers and Bell owned their interests directly, either Rogers or Bell could be overruled by its competitor in combination with Tanenbaum.) As such, Rogers and Bell have agreed that their previously four of six (now six of eight) directors on the MLSE board will always vote together, and thus that any disagreements between the two companies will be settled privately without the involvement of Tanenbaum. As a result of Bell and Rogers having co-ownership in MLSE, the two companies also agreed to equally split the media rights to its teams between them, with TSN and Sportsnet jointly holding the regional rights to the Maple Leafs and Toronto FC, and the media rights to the Raptors (which also includes the Canadian media rights to the NBA as a whole).

The deal also reportedly gave Rogers and Bell the right of first refusal of any sale of Tanenbaum's ownership share, and an option to purchase his stake on July 7, 2026.

In January 2023, BCE Inc purchased the roughly 9% stake in MLSE held by BCE Master Trust Fund for $149 million, consolidating its 37.5% total ownership share.

In November 2023, Tanenbaum and OMERS announced that the latter had agreed to purchase 20% of Kilmer Sports (giving it an indirect 5% holding of MLSE) for US$400 million, valuing the company at US$8 billion. Tanenbaum will continue in his management role of the company, with OMERS being a silent partner.

Rogers

On September 18, 2024, Rogers announced that it had reached an agreement to purchase BCE's 37.5% stake in MLSE for CA$4.7 billion, giving it ownership of 75% of the company and valuing it at CA$12.5 billion. Rogers retains the option to purchase Tanenbaum's remaining 25% in 2026, which they expect to exercise.

Bell stated that the sale was intended to help reduce its debt amid foundational changes at the company. As part of the agreement, MLSE agreed to continue sublicensing roughly half of its media rights for the Maple Leafs and Raptors to Bell Media for up to 20 years at "fair market value". The sale will also not affect Bell's official telecom sponsorships of the Argonauts, Raptors, and Toronto FC.

The acquisition makes Rogers the majority owner of all five of Toronto's teams in the "big six" major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. Its majority ownership of MLSE was consolidated with its existing fully owned sports assets, such as the Toronto Blue Jays, Rogers Centre and Sportsnet, within the Rogers Sports & Media segment. In October 2025 Rogers stated that it intends to complete the acquisition of 100% of MLSE and bring in additional minority investors for its Sports & Media division, which it projects would be valued at more than $20 billion, within 18 months. Rogers is expected to retain a controlling interest in the assets.

Assets

Sports teams

List of sports teams owned:

  • Toronto Maple Leafs (National Hockey League) – Valued at US$4.4 billion in 2025, 1st in the NHL
  • Toronto Marlies (American Hockey League)
  • Toronto Raptors (National Basketball Association) – Valued at US$5.4 billion in 2025, 12th in the NBA
  • Raptors 905 (NBA G League)
  • Raptors Uprising GC (NBA 2K League)
  • Toronto FC (Major League Soccer) – Valued at US$725 million in 2026, 13th in MLS
  • Toronto FC II (MLS Next Pro)
  • Toronto FC Academy (MLS Next)
  • Toronto FC eSports (eMLS Cup)
  • Toronto Argonauts (Canadian Football League)

Note that the valuations are estimated by Forbes, and are not based on financial information provided by MLSE. MLSE has refuted the validity of past Forbes valuations.

Sports facilities

List of sports facilities owned:

  • Scotiabank Arena – a multi-purpose indoor arena in downtown Toronto home to the Maple Leafs and Raptors which was constructed at a cost of $265 million
  • OVO Athletic Centre – practice facility for the Raptors

List of sports facilities invested in and operated:

  • Real Sports Apparel – a sports clothing store
  • MLSE Live

Former

Sports teams

  • Cincinnati Tigers – Central Hockey League team (1981–1982)
  • Denver Invaders/Victoria Maple Leafs – Western Hockey League team (1963–1967)
  • Hamilton Tiger-Cats – Canadian Football League team (1978–1989)
  • Rochester Americans – American Hockey League team (1956–1966)
  • Toronto Maple Leafs – International Lacrosse League team (1932)
  • Toronto Maple Leafs – National Lacrosse Association team (1968–1968)
  • Toronto Marlboros – Ontario Hockey Association/Ontario Hockey League junior ice hockey team (1927–1988)
  • Tulsa Oilers/Oklahoma City Blazers – Central Professional Hockey League/Central Hockey League team (1964–1976)

Facilities

Owned
  • Maple Leaf Gardens – Arena used by the Maple Leafs, Raptors, Marlboros (1931–2004)
Operated
  • General Motors Centre – Arena in Oshawa, Ontario (2006–2008)

Television channels

  • GolTV Canada – a localized version of Gol TV, a US soccer specialty channel, which focused on Toronto FC (2009–2015)
  • Leafs Nation Network – a specialty channel devoted to the Maple Leafs and Marlies (2001–2022)

Staff

{|style="float: right"

|thumb|Edward Rogers III, Deputy Chairman of Rogers Communications and member of the board of directors of MLSE

|thumb|Keith Pelley, President and CEO of MLSE

|}

Board of directors

  • Edward Rogers III (Rogers) – chair of the board
  • Tony Staffieri (Rogers) – deputy chair
  • Larry Tanenbaum (Kilmer Sports)
  • Mahes Wickramasinghe (Rogers)
  • Dale Lastman (Goodmans LLP)
  • Marisa Wyse (Rogers)
  • David Miller (Rogers)
  • Roger Rai (Rogers)

Executive team

  • Keith Pelley – President and CEO
  • Nick Eaves - Chief Venue and Operations Officer
  • Shannon Hosford - Chief Marketing Officer
  • Teri Dennis-Davies - Chief People and Inclusion Officer
  • Peter Miller - Chief Legal Officer
  • Humza Tehrany - Chief Technology and Digital Officer

References

Notes

;Bibliography