Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko (; 10 October 1974) was a Soviet sniper in the Red Army during World War II. She is the deadliest female sniper, one of the deadliest snipers in history, with 309 confirmed kills. She served in the Red Army during the siege of Odessa and the siege of Sevastopol, during the early stages of the fighting on the Eastern Front.

After she was injured in battle by a mortar shell, she was evacuated to Moscow. After she recovered from her injuries, she trained other Red Army snipers and was a public spokeswoman for the Red Army. In 1942, she toured the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. After the war ended in 1945, she was reassigned as a senior researcher for the Soviet Navy. She died of a stroke at the age of 58. who was of Russian nobility.

The family moved to Kiev when Lyudmila was aged 14. Her father was a Communist Party member, and had served as a regimental commissar in the Red Army, being awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

As a child, Lyudmila was a self-described tomboy, who was fiercely competitive at athletic activities. In Kiev, she joined an OSOAVIAKhIM shooting club, developed into an amateur sharpshooter and earned her Voroshilov Sharpshooter badge and a marksman certificate.

In 1932, she married Alexei Pavlichenko, and gave birth to a son, Rostislav (1932–2007). However, the marriage was soon dissolved, and Lyudmila returned to live with her parents.

She attended night school as well as performing household chores.

She enrolled at Kiev University in 1937, where she studied history and intended to be a scholar and teacher. There, she competed on the university's track team as a sprinter and pole vaulter.

Pavlichenko fought for about months during the Siege of Odessa and is credited with killing 187 soldiers. She was promoted to senior sergeant in August 1941, when she added 100 more kills to her official tally. At 25, she married a fellow sniper, Alexei Kitsenko.

She spent around a month in the hospital.

She also trained snipers for combat duty until the end of the war in 1945. They also asked if she used makeup on the front line. While visiting Canada, along with fellow sniper Vladimir Pchelintsev and Moscow fuel commissioner Nikolai Kravchenko, she was greeted by thousands of people at Toronto's Union Station.

Having been made an officer, Pavlichenko never returned to combat, instead becoming an instructor and training snipers until the war's end. as well as the Order of Lenin twice.

A second Soviet commemorative stamp featuring her portrait was issued in 1976. It was released as part of The Asch Recordings.

Pavlichenko is the subject of the 2015 film Battle for Sevastopol (original Russian title, "Битва за Севастополь"). A joint Ukrainian-Russian production, it was released in both countries on 2 April 2015, and its international premiere took place two weeks later at the Beijing International Film Festival.

The first English language edition of her memoirs, Lady Death, was published by Greenhill Books in February 2018.

In the 2021 game Call of Duty: Vanguard, there is a character based loosely off of Pavlichenko named Polina Petrova.

Pavlichenko's experiences during World War II, both in battle and on tour in the United States, have inspired several historical fiction novels, including Beautiful Assassin (2010) and Kate Quinn's 2022 novel The Diamond Eye.

Additionally, she was featured in the Japanese manga series, The War of Greedy Witches, where Pavlichenko served as one of the witches to fight against Murasaki Shikibu in Walpurgis.

Awards and honours

  • 25px Hero of the Soviet Union (25 October 1943)
  • 60px Two Orders of Lenin (16 July 1942 and 25 October 1943)
  • 60px Two Medals "For Military Merit" (26 April 1942 and 13 June 1952)
  • 60px Medal "For the Defence of Odessa" (1942)
  • 60px Medal "For the Defence of Sevastopol" (1942)
  • 60px Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (14 December 1945)
  • Voroshilov Sharpshooter badge (1939)

See also

  • List of female Heroes of the Soviet Union
  • Roza Shanina – World War II female sniper credited with 59 confirmed kills
  • Lydia Litvyak – World War II female flying ace
  • Snipers of the Soviet Union
  • Juba (sniper)

Notes

References

Bibliography

  • Lyudmila Pavlichenko about snipers during the Great Patriotic War. Documentary filmed by the Soviet Central Television in 1973 and released in 1975