Lord William George Frederick Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (27 February 180221 September 1848), better known as Lord George Bentinck, was an English Conservative politician and racehorse owner noted for his role (with Benjamin Disraeli) in unseating Sir Robert Peel over the Corn Laws.

Family

Bentinck was born into the prominent Bentinck family, the fifth child and third son of William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland and Henrietta (née Scott). His mother was the daughter, and along with her two sisters, the heiress, of the rich General John Scott of Fife.

Bentinck was known by the name George, as all the men in his family were given the first name William. He was educated privately and grew up on his father's Welbeck Abbey estate in Nottinghamshire and at Fullarton House, near Troon, Ayrshire, where his father developed the docks.

Early career

thumb|left|Statue in [[Cavendish Square, London]]

In 1818, Bentinck and his older brother John joined the army, but personal conflicts derailed his military career. As an officer in the 9th Lancers, he called his superior officer, Captain John Ker, a "poltroon", in February 1821. Ker levelled charges against Bentinck of "inattention to duty and contemptuous, insubordinate and disrespectful behaviour." Bentinck requested an inquiry into the charges and was ultimately cleared. However, the incident would not die and in May 1821 in Paris, Bentinck and Ker were prepared to duel. Bentinck's uncle George Canning interceded and stopped the event.

Bentinck made strenuous efforts to eliminate fraud in the sport (although his own behaviour in fixing odds was not always scrupulous). In 1844, having exposed the winner of the Derby as a fraud, he proposed a set of rules to cover horse racing. By a series of legal actions he also limited the corruption involved in making and settlement of bets, deriving from outdated legislation. Although something of a "self-appointed vigilante", he is now seen as a great innovator and reformer of the sport.

Though he was an "aristocratic dandy" who wore a new silk scarf every day, Bentinck's volatile temper again got him in trouble. He nearly lost his life in a duel over an unpaid debt. He fired his pistol in the air as his opponent, Squire Osbaldeston, an expert marksman, was flustered and missed, shooting Bentinck cleanly through the hat.

Despite his success in horse racing, his father reportedly strongly disapproved of this activity, and the duke was delighted when his son returned to "the more elevated occupations of political society."

Leader of the Protectionists

Bentinck first became prominent in politics in 1846 when he, with Disraeli, led the protectionist opposition to the repeal of the Corn Laws. Until he rose to speak against their repeal, he had not spoken a word in 18 years in Parliament.

Although Bentinck and Disraeli did not prevent the repeal of the Corn Laws, they did succeed in forcing Peel's resignation some weeks later over the Irish Coercion Bill. The Conservative Party broke in half; some hundred free-trade Peelites followed Peel, while 230 protectionists formed the new Conservative Party, with Stanley (later the Earl of Derby) as overall leader. Bentinck became leader of the party in the House of Commons. He unsuccessfully led calls upon the government of Lord John Russell to alleviate suffering in Ireland arising from the Great Famine of Ireland by investing in a substantial railway construction programme.

Bentinck resigned the leadership in 1848, his support of Jewish emancipation being unpopular with the bulk of the party, and was succeeded by the Marquess of Granby.

India

Lord George Bentinck alongside Thomas Macaulay downgraded John Stuart Mill's proposal that Indian Philosophy and Language should be a part of the education for India at that time, preferring the exaltation of English Literature, thought and science.

Death and legacy

On 21 September 1848, Bentinck left his father's home at Welbeck Abbey at 3 pm, intending to walk through "The Dukeries" to Thoresby Hall to dine with Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers. A search party was sent to look for him when he did not arrive at Thoresby, and his body was ultimately found at 9 p.m. He was aged 46.

Initial reports stated it appeared he died of "apoplexy," Bentinck, who was unmarried (there were rumours that he and his brother Lord Henry were, in the phraseology of the time, "woman haters"), was buried in the Duke of Portland vault at Marylebone Old Church in London.

thumb|upright= 0.8|Lord George Bentinck Memorial, [[Welbeck Abbey]]

He is commemorated with a statue in London's Cavendish Square Gardens, a memorial close to the spot where he died near Worksop, and a large gothic memorial by Thomas Chambers Hine erected in Mansfield.

thumb|[[Cavendish Square|George Bentinck-Cavendish Statue, Cavendish Square]]

Charles Greville (who had once been a partner of Bentinck in a horse-racing syndicate) wrote of him after his death: "He brought into politics the same ardour, activity, industry and cleverness which he had displayed on the turf . . . having once espoused a cause and espoused a party, from whatever motive, he worked with all the force of his intellect and a superhuman power of application in what he perceived to be the interest of that party and that cause . . . <nowiki>[However]</nowiki> I have not the least doubt that, for his own reputation and celebrity, he died at the most opportune period; his fame had probably reached its zenith, and credit was given him for greater abilities than he possessed."

thumb|upright= 0.8|The Cavendish Monument, [[Mansfield|Mansfield, Nottinghamshire]]

The Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham holds the correspondence and personal papers of Lord George Bentinck, as part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection.

References

;Notes

;Sources

  • Macintyre, Angus (n.d.), "Bentinck, Lord (William) George Frederic Cavendish-Scott-" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online (subscription only), accessed 30 March 2013.

Further reading

  • Benjamin Disraeli, Lord George Bentinck. A Political Biography (London, 1852).
  • Anna Gambles, Protection and Politics: Conservative Economic Discourse, 1815–1852 (Cambridge University Press, 1971).
  • Angus Macintyre, "Lord George Bentinck and the Protectionists: A Lost Cause?"; Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 39 (1989), pp.&nbsp;141–165.
  • Lord George Bentinck – A Political Biography, by Benjamin Disraeli, from Project Gutenberg
  • Bentinck on nottshistory.org.uk
  • Biography of Lord George Bentinck, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham