thumb|upright=1.35|Distribution of Chinese dialect groups within the [[Greater China Region]]
thumb|This video explains the differences in pronunciation and vocabulary among [[Mandarin Chinese#Geographic distribution and dialects|Mandarin Dialects (Std. Mandarin, Sichuan Mandarin and NE Mandarin) and Cantonese.]]
The following is a list of Sinitic languages and their dialects. For a traditional dialectological overview, see also varieties of Chinese.
Classification
"Chinese" is a blanket term covering many different varieties spoken across China. Mandarin Chinese is the most popular dialect, and is used as a lingua franca across China.
Linguists classify these varieties as the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Within this broad classification, there are between seven and fourteen dialect groups, depending on the classification.
The conventionally accepted set of seven dialect groups first appeared in the second edition of the dialectology handbook edited by Yuan Jiahua (1961).
In order of decreasing number of speakers, they are:
- Mandarin (including Beijing and Nanjing variants)
- Wu (including the Shanghainese and Suzhounese variants)
- Yue (including the Cantonese and Taishanese variants)
- Min (including the Hokkien and Fuzhounese variants)
- Hakka (Kejia)
- Xiang (Hunanese)
- Gan (Jiangxinese)
The revised classification of Li Rong, used in the Language Atlas of China (1987) added three further groups split from these:
- Mandarin → Jin
- Wu → Huizhou
- Yue → Pinghua
- Min
- Hakka (Kejia)
- Xiang
- Gan
Summary
The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Number !! Branch !! Native Speakers !! Dialects
|-
| align=center|1
| Mandarin || align=center|850,000,000 || align=center|51
|-
| align=center|2
| Wu || align=center|95,000,000 || align=center|37
|-
| align=center|3
| Yue || align=center|80,000,000 || align=center|52
|-
| align=center|4
| Jin || align=center|70,000,000 || align=center|6
|-
| align=center|5
| Min || align=center|60,000,000 || align=center|61
|-
| align=center|6
| Hakka || align=center|55,000,000 || align=center|10
|-
| align=center|7
| Xiang || align=center|50,000,000 || align=center|25
|-
| align=center|8
| Gan || align=center|30,000,000 || align=center|9
|-
| align=center|9
| Huizhou || align=center|7,000,000 || align=center|13
|-
| align=center|10
| Pinghua || align=center|3,000,000 || align=center|2
|- style="background:silver;"
| align=center|Total
| Chinese || align=center|1,300,000,000 || align=center|266
|}
List of languages and dialects
In addition to the varieties listed below, it is customary to speak informally of dialects of each province (such as Sichuan dialect and Hainan dialect). These designations do not generally correspond to classifications used by linguists, but each nevertheless has characteristics of its own.
Gan
thumb|right|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Gan in mainland China.
{|class="wikitable"
| Dongkou Gan|| ||
|-
| Huaining Gan|| ||
|-
| Fuzhou Gan|| ||
|-
| Ji'an Gan|| ||
|-
| Leiyang Gan|| ||
|-
| Nanchang Gan|| ||
|-
| Xianning Gan|| ||
|-
| Yichun Gan|| ||
|-
| Yingtan Gan|| ||
|}
Mandarin
thumb|right|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Mandarin in mainland China.
The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Number !! Branch !! Native Speakers !! Dialects
|-
| align=center|1
| Beijing || align=center|35,000,000 || align=center|7
|-
| align=center|2
| Ji–Lu || align=center|110,000,000 || align=center|4
|-
| align=center|3
| Jianghuai || align=center|80,000,000 || align=center|6
|-
| align=center|4
| Jiao–Liao || align=center|35,000,000 || align=center|4
|-
| align=center|5
| Lan–Yin || align=center|10,000,000 || align=center|3
|-
| align=center|6
| Northeastern || align=center|100,000,000 || align=center|4
|-
| align=center|7
| Southwestern || align=center|280,000,000 || align=center|11
|-
| align=center|8
| Zhongyuan || align=center|200,000,000 || align=center|11
|- style="background:silver;"
| align=center|Total
| Mandarin || align=center|850,000,000 || align=center|50
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Beijing Mandarin || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="FFFFFF"
| • Beijing dialect || ||
|-
| • Standard Chinese || Putonghua (PRC)<br /> Guoyu (ROC)<br /> Biaozhun Huayu (Singapore)
| Putonghua (PRC)<br /> Guoyu (ROC)<br /> Biaozhun Huayu (Singapore)
|-
| • Philippine Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Malaysian Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Chengde dialect || ||
|-
| • Chifeng dialect || ||
|-
| • Hailar dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Ji–Lu Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Baoding dialect || ||
|-
| • Jinan dialect || ||
|-
| • Shijiazhuang dialect || ||
|-
| • Tianjin dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Jianghuai Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Hefei dialect || ||
|-
| • Hainan Junjiahua || ||
|-
| • Nanjing dialect || ||
|-
| • Nantong dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiaogan dialect || ||
|-
| • Yangzhou dialect || ||
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Jiao–Liao Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Dalian dialect || ||
|-
| • Qingdao dialect || ||
|-
| • Weihai dialect || ||
|-
| • Yantai dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
| Lan–Yin Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Lanzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Xining dialect || ||
|-
| • Yinchuan dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
| Northeastern Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Changchun dialect || ||
|-
| • Harbin dialect || ||
|-
| • Qiqihar dialect || ||
|-
| • Shenyang dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Southwestern Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Changde dialect || ||
|-
| • Chengdu dialect || ||
|-
| • Chongqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Dali dialect || ||
|-
| • Guiyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Kunming dialect || ||
|-
| • Liuzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Wuhan dialect || ||
|-
| • Xichang dialect || ||
|-
| • Yichang dialect || ||
|-
| • Hanzhong dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Zhongyuan Mandarin || ||
|-
| • Dungan language || ||
|-
| • Gangou dialect || || (influenced by Monguor)
|-
| • Kaifeng dialect || ||
|-
| • Luoyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Nanyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Qufu dialect || ||
|-
| • Tianshui dialect || ||
|-
| • Xi'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Xuzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Yan'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhengzhou dialect || ||
|-
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
| Unclassified || ||
|-
| • Gyami language || ||
|-
| • Junjiahua || ||
|-
| • Qinjiang Mandarin || ||
|}
Hui
Sometimes subcategory of Wu.
{|class="wikitable"
| Jixi Hui|| ||
|-
| Shexian Hui|| ||
|-
| Tunxi Hui|| ||
|-
| Yixian Hui|| ||
|-
| Xiuning Hui|| ||
|-
| Wuyuan Hui|| ||
|-
| Dexing Hui|| ||
|-
| Fuliang Hui|| ||
|-
| Jiande Hui|| ||
|-
| Shouchang Hui|| ||
|-
| Chun'an Hui|| ||
|-
| Sui'an Hui|| ||
|-
| Majin Hui|| ||
|}
Jin
thumb|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Jin in China.
Sometimes a subcategory of Mandarin.
{|class="wikitable"
| • Baotou dialect || ||
|-
| • Datong dialect || ||
|-
| • Handan dialect || ||
|-
| • Hohhot dialect || ||
|-
| • Taiyuan dialect || ||
|-
| • Xinxiang dialect || ||
|}
Hakka
{|class="wikitable"
| • Huizhou (Hakka) dialect || ||
|-
| • Meizhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Wuhua dialect || ||
|-
| • Xingning dialect || ||
|-
| • Pingyuan dialect || ||
|-
| • Jiaoling dialect || ||
|-
| • Dabu dialect || ||
|-
| • Fengshun dialect || ||
|-
| • Longyan dialect || ||
|-
| • Lufeng (Hakka) dialect || ||
|}
Min
thumb|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Min in mainland China, Hainan and Taiwan.
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="E6E6FA"
| Southern Min || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Quanzhang Min (Hokkien) || ||
|-
| • Amoy dialect || ||
|-
| • Quanzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhangzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Longhai dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhangpu dialect || ||
|-
| • Anxi dialect || ||
|-
| • Hui'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Tong'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Jinjiang dialect
|
|
|-
| • Nan'an dialect
|
|
|-
| • Yongchun dialect
|
|
|-
| • Taiwanese (see regional variations) || ||
|-
| • Lan-nang dialect (Philippine Hokkien) || ||
|-
| • Singaporean Hokkien || ||
|-
| • Penang Hokkien || ||
|-
| • Muar Hokkien|| ||
|-
| • Medan Hokkien || ||
|-
| • Burmese Hokkien
|
|
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Teochew Min (Teo-Swa, Chaoshan) || ||
|-
| • Teochew dialect (Chaozhou) || ||
|-
| • Shantou dialect (Swatow) || ||
|-
| • Jieyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Chaoyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Puning dialect || ||
|-
| • Huilai dialect || ||
|-
| • Bangkok Teochew || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Longyan Min || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Zhenan Min || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Datian Min <br /> (disputed: separate Min branch)|| ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Haklau Min <br /> || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Zhongshan Min <br /> (disputed:separate Min branch)|| ||
|-
| • Longdu dialect || ||
|-
| • Nanlang dialect || ||
|-
| • Sanxiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhangjiabian dialect || ||
|- bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Leizhou Min <br /> (disputed: separate Min branch) || ||
|-
| • Haikang dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhanjiang dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Qiong Wen (Hainanese) <br /> (disputed: separate Min branch) || ||
|-
| • Wenchang dialect || ||
|-
| • Haikou dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Eastern Min || ||
|-
| • Fuzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Fu'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Fuding dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiapu dialect || ||
|-
| • Shouning dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhouning dialect || ||
|-
| • Ningde dialect || ||
|-
| • Zherong dialect || ||
|-
| • Minhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Yongtai dialect || ||
|-
| • Minqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Changle dialect || ||
|-
| • Luoyuan dialect || ||
|-
| • Lianjiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Fuqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Pingtan dialect || ||
|-
| • Pingnan dialect || ||
|-
| • Gutian dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Northern Min || ||
|-
| • Jian'ou dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Shao–Jiang Min || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Central Min || ||
|-
| • Yong'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Sanming dialect || ||
|-
| • Sha dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Pu–Xian Min || ||
|-
| • Putian dialect || ||
|-
| • Xianyou dialect || ||
|-
|}
Wu
thumb|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Wu in mainland China.
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Taihu || ||
|-
| • Shanghai dialect || ||
|-
| • Suzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Changzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Wuxi dialect || ||
|-
| • Hangzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Huzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Jiaxing dialect || ||
|-
| • Shaoxing dialect || ||
|-
| • Ningbo dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Taizhou || ||
|-
| • Taizhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Linhai dialect || ||
|-
| • Sanmen dialect || ||
|-
| • Tiantai dialect || ||
|-
| • Xianju dialect || ||
|-
| • Huangyan dialect || ||
|-
| • Jiaojiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Wenling dialect || ||
|-
| • Yuhuan dialect || ||
|-
| • Ninghai dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Oujiang (Dong'ou) || ||
|-
| • Wenzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Yueqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Rui'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Wencheng dialect || ||
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Wuzhou || ||
|-
| • Jinhua dialect || ||
|-
| • Lanxi dialect || ||
|-
| • Pujiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Yiwu dialect || ||
|-
| • Dongyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Pan'an dialect || ||
|-
| • Yongkang dialect || ||
|-
| • Wuyi dialect || ||
|-
| • Jiande dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Chuqu || ||
|-
| • Lishui dialect || ||
|-
| • Qingtian dialect || ||
|-
| • Quzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Shangrao dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Xuanzhou || ||
|-
| • Xuancheng dialect || ||
|}
Xiang
upright=1.5|thumb|Language map of [[Hunan Province.<br />New Xiang is orange, Old Xiang yellow, and Chen-Xu Xiang red. Non-Xiang languages are (clockwise from top right) Gan (purple), Hakka (pink along the right), Xiangnan Tuhua (dark green), Waxianghua (dark blue on the left), and Southwestern Mandarin (light blue, medium blue, light green on the left; part of dark green). ]]
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Chang–Yi Xiang (New Xiang) ||||
|-
| • Changsha dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhuzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiangtan dialect || ||
|-
| • Ningxiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Yiyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiangyin dialect || ||
|-
| • Miluo dialect || ||
|-
| • Yueyang dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Hengzhou Xiang (Hengzhou Xiang) ||||
|-
| • Hengyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Hengshan dialect || ||
|-
|-| • Hengnan dialect || ||
|-
| • Hengdong dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Lou–Shao Xiang (Old Xiang) ||||
|-
| • Loudi dialect || ||
|-
| • Shuangfeng dialect || ||
|-
| • Xinhua dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiangxiang dialect || ||
|-
| • Shaoyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Shaodong dialect || ||
|-
| • Wugang dialect || ||
|-
| • Qidong dialect || ||
|-
| • Qiyang dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Chen–Xu Xiang (Chen-Xu Xiang) ||||
|-
| • Chenxi dialect || ||
|-
| • Xupu dialect || ||
|-
| • Luxi dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="E6E6FA"
|Yongquan Xiang (Yong-Quan Xiang) ||||
|-
| • Yongzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Quanzhouxian dialect || ||
|}
Yue
[[File:Ping and Yue dialect map.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|
]]
thumb|upright=1.5|The main dialect areas of Cantonese (Yue) in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau.
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Yuehai || ||
|-bgcolor="d5e3f4"
|Cantonese (Guangfu) || ||
|-
| • Hong Kong Cantonese || ||
|-
| • Malaysian Cantonese || ||
|-
| • Wuzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Tanka dialect || ||
|-
| • Xiguan dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="d5e3f4"
|Sanyi dialect (Samyap) ||colspan=2|
|-
| • Nanhai dialect || ||
|-
| • Jiujiang Cantonese || ||
|-
| • Xiqiao dialect || ||
|-
| • Panyu dialect || ||
|-
| • Shunde dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="d5e3f4"
|Zhongshan dialect ||colspan=2|
|-
| • Shiqi dialect || ||
|-
| • Sanjiao dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="d5e3f4"
|Guan-Bao dialect || ||
|-
| • Dongguan dialect || ||
|-
| • Bao'an dialect (Waitau dialect) || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Yong–Xun Yue (Jungcam) || ||
|-
| • Nanning dialect || ||
|-
| • Yongning dialect || ||
|-
| • Guiping dialect || ||
|-
| • Chongzuo dialect || ||
|-
| • Ningmin dialect || ||
|-
| • Hengxian dialect || ||
|-
| • Baise dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Goulou Yue (Ngaulau) ||colspan=2|
|-
| • Yulin dialect || ||
|-
| • Guangning dialect || ||
|-
| • Huaiji dialect || ||
|-
| • Fengkai dialect || ||
|-
| • Deqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Yunan dialect || ||
|-
| • Shanglin dialect || ||
|-
| • Binyang dialect || ||
|-
| • Tengxian dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Luo–Guang Yue || ||
|-
| • Luoding dialect || ||
|-
| • Zhaoqing dialect || ||
|-
| • Sihui dialect || ||
|-
| • Yangshan dialect || ||
|-
| • Lianzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Lianshan dialect || ||
|-
| • Qingyuan dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Siyi Yue (Seiyap) ||colspan=2|
|-
| • Taishan dialect || ||
|-
| • Xinhui dialect || ||
|-
| • Siqian dialect || ||
|-
| • Guzhen dialect || ||
|-
| • Enping dialect || ||
|-
| • Kaiping dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Gao–Yang Yue || ||
|-
| • Gaozhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Yangjiang dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Qin–Lian Yue (Jamlim) || ||
|-
| • Beihai dialect || ||
|-
| • Qinzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Fangchenggang dialect || ||
|-
| • Lianzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Lingshan dialect || ||
|-
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Wu–Hua Yue (Ngfaa) || ||
|-
| • Wuchuan dialect || ||
|-
| • Huazhou dialect || ||
|}
Pinghua
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Guibei Pinghua (Northern Ping) || ||
|-
| • Tongdao Pinghua || ||
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
| Guinan Pinghua (Southern Ping) || ||
|}
Ba-Shu
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Ba-Shu Chinese || ||
|-
|
- Minjiang dialect (?)
|
|
|}
Other
The non-Min dialects of Hainan were once considered Yue, but are now left unclassified:
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="8dc0ff"
|Hainan "Yue" ||colspan=2|
|-
| • Danzhou dialect || ||
|-
| • Mai dialect || ||
|}
Mixed languages
In addition to the varieties within the Sinitic branch of Sino-Tibetan, a number of mixed languages also exist that comprise elements of one or more Chinese varieties with other languages.
{| class="wikitable"
| Linghua || || || A Mandarin Chinese and Miao mixed language
|-
| Maojia || || || A Qo-Xiong Miao and Chinese dialects mixed language
|-
| Shaozhou Tuhua || || || A group of distinctive Chinese dialects in South China, including Yuebei Tuhua and Xiangnan Tuhua. It incorporates several Chinese dialects, as well as Yao languages.
|-
| Tangwang || || || A Mandarin Chinese and Dongxiang mixed language
|-
| Waxiang || || || An independent Chinese language variety
|-
| Wutun || || || A Mandarin Chinese, Tibetan and Mongolian mixed language
|}
List in the Atlas
The extensive 1987 Language Atlas of China groups Chinese local varieties into the following units:
- Supergroup ( dàqū), of which there are but two: Mandarin and Min
- Group ( qū), corresponding to the varieties of Chinese of the ISO standard
- Subgroup ( piàn), which may be mutually unintelligible with other subgroups
- Cluster ( xiǎopiàn), which may be mutually unintelligible with other clusters
- Local dialect ( diǎn), which are the dialects sampled by the Atlas
In the list below, local dialects are not listed. Groups are in bold, subgroups are numbered, and clusters are bulleted.
; Northeastern Mandarin
- Jishen
- Jiaoning
- Tongxi
- Yanji
- Hafu
- Zhaofu
- Changjin
- Heisong
- Nenke
- Jiafu
- Zhanhua
; Jilu Mandarin
- Baotang
- Laifu
- Dingba
- Tianjin
- Jizun
- Luanchang
- Fulong
- Shiji
- Zhaoshen
- Xingheng
- Liaotai
- Canghui
- Huangle
- Yangshou
- Juzhao
- Zhanghuan
; Beijing Mandarin
- Jingshi
- Huaicheng
- Chaofeng
- Shike
; Jiaoliao Mandarin
- Qingzhou
- Denglian
- Gaihuan
; Central Plains Mandarin
- Zhengcao
- Cailu
- Luoxu
- Xinbeng
- Fenhe
- Pingyang
- Jiangzhou
- Xiezhou
- Guanzhong
- Qinlong
- Longzhong
- Nanjiang
; Lanyin Mandarin
- Jincheng
- Yinwu
- Hexi
- Tami
; Southwestern Mandarin
- Chengyu
- Dianxi
- Yaoli
- Baolu
- Qianbei
- Kungui
- Guanchi
- Minjiang
- Renfu
- Yamian
- Lichuan
- Ebei
- Wutian
- Cenjiang
- Qiannan
- Xiangnan
- Guiliu
- Changhe
; Jianghuai Mandarin
- Hongchao
- Tairu
- Huangxiao
; (unclassified Mandarin)
- Hubeihua
- Henanhua
- Nanping dialect
- Yangyu dialect
- Junhua
- Longmen dialect
; Jin
- Bingzhou
- Lüliang
- Fenzhou
- Xingxi
- Shangdang
- Wutai
- Dabao
- Zhanghu
- Hanxin
- Cizhang
- Huoji
- Zhiyan
; Wu
- Taihu
- Piling
- Suhujia
- Tiaoxi
- Hangzhou
- Linshao
- Yongjiang
- Taizhou
- Oujiang
- Wuzhou
- Chuqu
- Chuzhou
- Longqu
- Xuanzhou
- Tongjin
- Taigao
- Shiling
; Hui
- Jishe
- Xiuyi
- Qide
- Yanzhou
- Jingzhan
; Gan
- Changjing
- Yiliu
- Jicha
- Fuguang
- Yingyi
- Datong
- Leizi
- Dongsui
- Huaiyue
;Xiang
- Changyi
- Loushao
- Jixu
;Yue
- Guangfu
- Yongxun
- Gaoyang
- Siyi
- Goulou
- Wuhua
- Qinlian
; Pinghua
- Guibei
- Guinan
; Hakka
- Yuetai
- Jiaying
- Xinghua
- Xinhui
- Shaonan
- Yuezhong
- Huizhou
- Yuebei
- Tingzhou
- Ninglong
- Yugui
- Tonggu
;Southern Min
- Zaytonese (Quanzhang / Hokkien / Taiwanese / Minnan)
- Hinghua (Puxian / Putianese)
- Beitou (Quanpu / Zuanpo)
- Liong-na (Longyan)
- Datian (Duacan / Qianluhua)
- Taoyuan
- Teochew (Chaoshan / Chaozhou)
- Sanxiang (Zhongshan Minnan)
- Luichow (Leizhou)
- Hainanese (Qiongwen)
; Eastern Min
- Fuqing (S. Houguan)
- Foochow (C. Houguan)
- Kutien (Gutian / N. Houguan)
- Songkou (Yangzhong / W. Houguan / S. Minqing / W. Yongtai)
- Ningde (S. Funing)
- Fu'an (C. Funing)
- Xiapu (E. Funing)
- Fuding (N. Funing)
- Taishun (Manjiang)
- Cangnan (Manhua)
- Longtu (Longdu)
- Nanlang
; Western Min
- Jianzhou (Jianou / Nanping / Minbei)
- Shaojiang
- Yongan (Minzhong)
- Xinqiao (Chitian / Houluhua / Wenjiang)
; Central Min
- Youxi (Chengguan)
- Xibin
- Zhongxian (Jihua)
; Unclassified topolects
- She (the Chinese variety now spoken by the She people)
- Danzhou dialect
- Xianghua
- Shaoguan Tuhua
- Xiangnan (Southern Hunan) Tuhua
See also
- Varieties of Chinese
- Written Chinese