thumb|[[Roystonea regia]]
Prior to European settlement, the Caribbean was dominated by forested ecosystems. The insular Caribbean has been considered a biodiversity hotspot. Although species diversity is lower than on mainland systems, endemism is high.
Species diversity is highest and endemism is lowest in Trinidad, which has a predominantly continental flora. Endemism is highest in Cuba and Hispaniola, the largest members of the Greater Antilles.
List of species
Native species
Acanthaceae
- Avicennia germinans
Anacardiaceae
- Comocladia dodonaea
- Spondias mombin
Annonaceae
- Annona trinitensis
- Duguetia
- Duguetia lucida
- Duguetia tobagensis
- Aralia rex
- Dendropanax
- Dendropanax arboreus
- Dendropanax blakeanus
- Dendropanax cordifolius
- Dendropanax cuneifolius
- Dendropanax elongatus
- Dendropanax filipes
- Dendropanax grandiflorus
- Dendropanax grandis
- Dendropanax laurifolius
- Dendropanax nervosus
- Dendropanax nutans
- Dendropanax oblanceatus
- Dendropanax pendulus
- Dendropanax portlandianus
- Dendropanax selleanus
- Dendropanax swartzii
- Didymopanax
- Didymopanax morototoni – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, and Trinidad. Introduced to Windward Islands
- Frodinia
- Frodinia gleasonii – Puerto Rico
- Frodinia tremula – Hispaniola
- Oreopanax
- Oreopanax capitatus
- Oreopanax dussii
- Oreopanax ramosissimus
- Sciodaphyllum
- Sciodaphyllum attenuatum – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands
- Sciodaphyllum glabratum – Trinidad
- Sciodaphyllum brownei – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum troyanum – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum urbanianum – Martinique
Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa longissima
- Crescentia
- Crescentia cujete (Calabash)
- Crescentia portoricensis
- Tabebuia
- Tabebuia heterophylla
- Tabebuia rosea
- Tecoma stans
Bombacaceae
- Ceiba pentandra (kapok tree)
- Ochroma pyramidale
Boraginaceae
- Bourreria succulenta
- Cordia
- Cordia alliodora
- Cordia sulcata
- Rochefortia acanthophora
Burseraceae
thumb|[[Bursera simaruba]]
- Dacryodes excelsa (Tabonuco)
- Bursera simaruba
Buxaceae
- Buxus
- Buxus aneura <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus brevipes <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus crassifolia <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus ekmanii <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus excisa <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus heterophylla <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus imbricata <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus muelleriana <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus olivacea <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus pilosula <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus portoricensis <!--(Puerto Pico)-->
- Buxus rheedioides <!--(Cuba)-->
- Buxus vahlii <!--(Puerto Pico)-->
Canellaceae
- Canella winteriana
Cannabaceae
- Celtis trinervia - Hispaniola
Capparidaceae
- Capparis
- Capparis baducca
- Capparis cynophallophora
- Capparis flexuosa
- Capparis hastata
- Capparis indica
Celastraceae
- Cassine xylocarpa
- Gyminda latifolia
- Maytenus
- Maytenus monticola
- Magnolia cubensis
- Magnolia dealbata
- Magnolia domingensis
- Magnolia ekmanii
- Magnolia emarginata
- Magnolia hamorii
- Magnolia minor
- Magnolia pallescens
- Magnolia portoricensis
- Magnolia splendens
Meliaceae
thumb|[[Cedrela odorata]]
- Carapa
- Carapa guianensis
- Cedrela odorata
- Guarea
- Guarea guidonia
- Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian Mahogany)
- Trichilia
- Trichilia hirta
- Trichilia triacantha
Moraceae
- Cecropia
- Cecropia peltata
- Cecropia schreberiana
- Ficus
- Ficus americana
- Ficus aurea
- Maclura tinctoria
Myrtaceae
- Eugenia
- Eugenia axillaris
- Eugenia biflora
- Eugenia cruegeri
- Chrysophyllum cainito
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme
- Chrysophyllum pauciflorum
- Manilkara
- Manilkara bidentata
- Manilkara excisa
- Manilkara gonavensis
- Manilkara jaimiqui
- Manilkara mayarensis
- Manilkara pleeana
- Manilkara sideroxylon
- Manilkara valenzuelana
- Micropholis
- Micropholis chrysophylloides
- Pouteria
- Pouteria multiflora
- Pouteria sapota–Mamey sapote
- Pradosia
- Sideroxylon
- Sideroxylon obovatum
- Sideroxylon salicifolium
Sterculiaceae
- Guazuma ulmifolia
Theophrastaceae
- Jacquinia
- Jacquinia armillaris
- Jacquinia berteroi
- Jacquinia umbellata
Verbenaceae
- Citharexylum fruticosa
- Petitia domingensis
Zamiaceae
- Zamia
- Zamia amblyphyllidia
- Zamia portoricensis
- Zamia pumila (Coontie)
Zygophyllaceae
- Guaiacum
- Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)
- Guaiacum sanctum
Non-native species
Anacardiaceae
thumb|[[Mangifera indica]]
- Mango (Mangifera indica)
Arecaceae
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda (Jacaranda spp.)
Casuarinaceae
- Casuarina equisetifolia
Combretaceae
- Indian almond (Terminalia catappa)
Fabaceae
thumb|[[Delonix regia]]
- Samaan tree (Albizia saman)
- Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Moraceae
- Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
- Ficus benjamina
Sapindaceae
- Ackee (Blighia sapida)
Sapotaceae
- Manilkara zapota
Verbenaceae
thumb|[[Tectona grandis]]
- Teak (Tectona grandis)