thumb|200px|Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855)

Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) is the eponym of all of the topics listed below.

There are over 100 topics all named after this German mathematician and scientist, all in the fields of mathematics, physics, and astronomy. The English eponymous adjective Gaussian is pronounced .

Mathematics

thumb|Various Gaussian curvatures

Algebra and linear algebra

Geometry and differential geometry

thumb|218x218px|Gauss map

Number theory

thumb|upright=1.35|Gaussian moat

Cyclotomic fields

  • Gaussian period
  • Gaussian rational
  • Gauss sum, an exponential sum over Dirichlet characters
  • Elliptic Gauss sum, an analog of a Gauss sum
  • Quadratic Gauss sum

Analysis, numerical analysis, vector calculus and calculus of variations

thumb|upright=2|alt=Comparison between 2-point Gaussian and trapezoidal quadrature.|Comparison between 2-point Gaussian and trapezoidal quadrature.

Complex analysis and convex analysis

  • Gauss–Lucas theorem
  • Gauss's continued fraction, an analytic continued fraction derived from the hypergeometric functions
  • Gauss's criterion – described on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
  • Gauss's hypergeometric theorem, an identity on hypergeometric series
  • Gauss plane

Statistics

thumb|Gaussian copula

  • Gauss–Kuzmin distribution, a discrete probability distribution
  • Gauss–Markov process
  • Gauss–Markov theorem
  • Gaussian copula
  • Gaussian measure
  • Gaussian correlation inequality
  • Gaussian isoperimetric inequality
  • Gauss's inequality
  • Gauss-Helmert model

Gaussian function and topics named for it

thumb|300px|Gaussian curve with a 2-dimensional domain

Knot theory

thumb|right|Linking integral

  • Gauss code – described on website of University of Toronto
  • Gauss linking integral (knot theory)

Other mathematical areas

  • Gauss's algorithm for determination of the day of the week
  • Gauss's Easter algorithm
  • Gaussian brackets – described on WolframMathWorld
  • Gaussian's modular arithmetic <!-- This was in the list with the nonsensical "Gaussian's". Leaving it for now since "Gauss" occur in no form in a name variant given in the article; maybe it should be taken out of this list. -->
  • Gaussian integer, usually written as

:*Gaussian prime

  • Gaussian logarithms (also known as addition and subtraction logarithms)
  • Gauss congruence for integer sequences

Cartography

thumb|alt=NCEP T62 Gaussian grid points|240px|right|Gaussian grid points

  • Gauss–Krüger coordinate system
  • Gaussian grid

Physics

Optics

  • Gauss lens
  • Double-Gauss lens
  • Gaussian optics

Classical mechanics

  • Gauss's principle of least constraint
  • For orbit determination in orbital mechanics:
  • Gauss's law for gravity
  • Gaussian gravitational constant
  • Gaussian year
  • Gauss's method

Quantum mechanics

  • Gaussian orbital

Electromagnetism

thumb|Gauss rifle

  • Gaussian units
  • gauss, the CGS unit for magnetic flux density
  • Degaussing, to demagnetize an object
  • Gauss rifle or coilgun
  • Gauss's law for magnetism
  • Gaussian surface
  • Gauss's law, giving the relationship between flux through a closed surface and the enclosed source
  • Gauss gun

Awards and recognitions

  • Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize, a mathematics award
  • Gauss Lectureship, a mathematical distinction
  • The Gauss Mathematics Competition in Canadian junior high schools, an annual national mathematics competition administered by the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing

Other things named for him

Biology

thumb|160px|[[Gaussia maya]]

  • Gaussia, a palm genus described by Hermann Wendland with the then new species Gaussia princeps, collected by Charles Wright in western Cuba. Named in "memoriam astronomi Caroli Friderici Gauss".
  • Gaussia, a genus of copepods

Informatics

  • Gaussian, a computational chemistry software program
  • GAUSS, a matrix programming language for mathematics and statistics

Place names and expedition named in his honour

thumb|upright|The Gaussberg in [[Braunschweig|Braunschweig, Germany with the Gauss memorial in front]]

Terrestrial

  • The Gauss expedition, the first German expedition to Antarctica (1901–1903)
  • The ship Gauss, used in the Gauss expedition to the Antarctic
  • Gaussberg in Antarctica, an extinct volcano discovered by the Gauss expedition
  • Mount Gauss, in Antarctica
  • Gauss Peninsula, East Greenland
  • Gaussberg, a hill in Braunschweig

Celestial

  • Crater Gauss on the Moon
  • Asteroid 1001 Gaussia

Institutions and buildings named in his honour

  • The Carl-Friedrich-Gauss Fakultät of Braunschweig University of Technology
  • Several schools in Germany named after Gauss
  • Several buildings named "Gauss Haus" or "Gauss Building":
  • Gauss Tower, an observation tower in Dransfeld, Germany
  • The Gauss Building at the University of Idaho (College of Engineering)
  • Gauss Haus, an NMR center at the University of Utah
  • The 'Gauss House', a common room in the University of Sussex Mathematical and Physical Sciences department.
  • A dormitory building is named after him in University of California, Santa Cruz, in Crown College

Monuments, busts, and memorial plaques

Gauss Monuments were erected in Brunswick and Göttingen (the last together with Weber). Busts of Gauss were placed in the Walhalla hall of fame near Regensburg and in the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. Several places where Gauss has stayed in Germany are marked with plaques.

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File:Carl.Friedrich.Gauss.Bueste.vor1900.GFZ.jpg|Bust by Hans Weddo von Glümer (1895) in the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam

File:Carl Friedrich Gauß, Büste von Friedrich Künkler, 001.jpg|Bust by Friedrich Künkler (1810)

File:Gauss Stein Wilseder Berg.jpg|Gauss memorial on the Wilseder Berg, highest point in the Luneburg Heath

File:Walhalla wie Parthenon zu Ehren bedeutender Personen - erbaut 1842 - König Ludwig I - Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann DSCN2430.jpg|A bust of Gauss is placed in the Walhalla since 2007

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Other commemorations

Germany issued three postage stamps honoring Gauss, one in 1955 on the hundredth anniversary of his death and two others in 1977, the 200th anniversary of his birth.

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File:DBP 1955 204 Carl Friedrich Gauß.jpg|Stamp (West Germany) 1955

File:DBP 1977 928 Carl Friedrich Gauß.jpg|Stamp (West Germany) 1977

File:Stamp Carl Friedrich Gauß.jpg|Stamp (East Germany) 1977

File:1856 Friedrich Brehmer Denkmünze auf Gauss nach Christian Heinrich Hesemann im Auftrag von Georg. V. von Hannover, Medaille Avers mit Portrait.jpg|Medal for Gauss (1856, front)

File:1856 Friedrich Brehmer Denkmünze auf Gauss nach Christian Heinrich Hesemann im Auftrag von Georg. V. von Hannover, Medaille Revers mit Efeukranz, Gipsmodell.jpg|Medal for Gauss (1856, back) "mathematicorum principi"

</gallery>

References