List of tectonic plates

[[File:Tectonic plates 2022.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of Earth's 16 principal tectonic plates.

Types of plate boundary:

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

]]

thumb|Plate tectonics map from NASA

This is a list of tectonic plates on Earth's surface. Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere. The plates are around thick and consist of two principal types of material: oceanic crust (also called sima from silicon and magnesium) and continental crust (sial from silicon and aluminium). The composition of the two types of crust differs markedly, with mafic basaltic rocks dominating oceanic crust, while continental crust consists principally of lower-density felsic granitic rocks.

Current plates

Geologists generally agree that the following tectonic plates currently exist on Earth's surface with roughly definable boundaries. Tectonic plates are sometimes subdivided into three fairly arbitrary categories: major (or primary) plates, minor (or secondary) plates, and microplates (or tertiary plates).

Major plates

thumb|upright=1.85|Map showing Earth's principal tectonic plates and their boundaries in detail

These plates comprise the bulk of the continents and the Pacific Ocean. For purposes of this list, a major plate is any plate with an area greater than .

–
–
–
(sometimes considered to be two separate tectonic plates) –
–
–
–
–

Minor plates

These smaller plates are often not shown on major plate maps, as the majority of them do not comprise significant land area. For purposes of this list, a minor plate is any plate with an area less than but greater than .

Microplates

These plates are often grouped with an adjacent principal plate on a tectonic plate world map. For purposes of this list, a microplate is any plate with an area less than . Some models identify more minor plates within current orogens (events that lead to a large structural deformation of Earth's lithosphere) like the Apulian, Explorer, Gorda, and Philippine Mobile Belt plates. The latest studies have shown that microplates are the basic elements of which the crust is composed and that the larger plates are composed of amalgamations of these, and a subdivision of ca. 1200 smaller plates has come forward.

upright=2|right|thumb|The new Global Tectonic Map with the subdivision of the continents, oceans and mobile mountain belts in ca. 1200 smaller plates. Legend: green: terrane (microplate) boundaries in the continental blocks; cyan: terranes of the oceanic plates; orange: terranes inside the mobile belts; blue: oceanic transform faults; red: fault zones in the continental and mountain belt domain; purple: main subduction zones and suture zones; orange dots: volcanoes.

African plate
Danakil microplate - a microplate at the Afar triple junction
Antarctic plate
Australian plate
Caribbean plate
Cocos plate
Eurasian plate
– Small tectonic plate in south Iceland, between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate
Nazca plate
North American plate
Pacific plate
– 250,000 km2
Philippine Sea plate
Scotia plate
Somali plate
South American plate
(mainly in Colombia, minor parts in Ecuador and Venezuela)

Ancient tectonic plates

In the history of Earth, many tectonic plates have come into existence and have over the intervening years either accreted onto other plates to form larger plates, rifted into smaller plates, or have been crushed by or subducted under other plates.

The following is a list of ancient cratons, microplates, plates, and terranes which no longer exist as separate plates. Cratons are the oldest and most stable parts of the continental lithosphere, and shields are exposed parts of them. Terranes are fragments of crustal material formed on one tectonic plate and accreted to crust lying on another plate, which may or may not have originated as independent microplates: a terrane may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere.

African plate

(Zambia)
(Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Sudan, and Zambia)
(South Africa)
(South Africa)
(Algeria)
(Zimbabwe)
(Tanzania)
(Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo)
Zaire Craton (Congo)
(Zimbabwe)

Antarctic plate

Eurasian plate

(France, Germany, Spain and Portugal)
(Canada, Ireland, Great Britain, and United States)
Belomorian Craton
Central Iberian plate
(Anatolia, Iran, Afghanistan, Tibet, Indochina and Malaya)
East China Craton
and Eastern Kazakhstan
and the Junngar Basin in China
Moravo Silesian plate
Ossa-Morena plate
Proto-Alps terrane
South Portuguese plate
Tarim craton
Teplá-Barrandian terrane
Volgo-Uralian craton
Yakutai craton

Indo-Australian plate

thumb|180px|right|Basic geological regions of Australia, by age

thumb|Map of chronostratigraphic divisions of India

Altjawarra Craton (Australia)
Aravalli Craton (India)
Bastar Craton (India)
Bhandara Craton (India)
Bundelkhand Craton (India)
Central Craton (Australia)
Curnamona Craton (Australia)
Singhbhum Craton (India)
. See Moa plate and Lord Howe Rise

North American plate

thumb|[[North American cratons and basement rocks]]

(Canada, Ireland, Great Britain, and United States)
(Canada)
(split into the Cocos, Explorer, Juan de Fuca, Gorda plates, Nazca plate, and Rivera plates)
(United States)
(Canada)
(Canada and United States)
Mexican plate
(Canada)
Newfoundland plate
Nova Scotia plate
(Canada)
Sask Craton (Canada)
(Canada)
(Canada)
(Canada)
(United States)

South American plate

(Brazil)
(Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela)
(Argentina and Uruguay)
(Brazil)
(Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru)

Notes and references

Notes

References

Bibliography

;North Andes plate

External links

Bird, Peter (2003) An updated digital model of plate boundaries also available as a large (13 Mb) PDF file