Below is a list of special elections to the United States House of Representatives. Such elections are called by state governors to fill vacancies that occur when a member of the United States House of Representatives dies or resigns before the biennial general election. Winners of these elections serve the remainder of the term and are usually candidates in the next general election for their districts.
In the United States, these contests are called "special elections." They are sometimes held on the regular Election Day like regular congressional elections but often they are on different days as determined by local statutes. Despite their name, however, special elections to the U.S. House of Representatives happen often. Furthermore, one published study shows that special elections are explained by the same factors as regular congressional elections. Special elections to the U.S. House have occurred at least once in all states except Idaho. A few special elections for territorial delegates to Congress have also been held.
A 2016 study of special elections to the House of Representatives found "that while candidate characteristics affect special election outcomes, presidential approval is predictive of special election outcomes as well. Furthermore, we find that the effect of presidential approval on special election outcomes has increased in magnitude from 1995 to 2014, with the 2002 midterm representing an important juncture in the nationalization of special elections."
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| | Theodorick Bland (Anti-Admin)
| Died
| | William B. Giles (Anti-Admin)
| nowrap data-sort-value="June 1, 1790" | July 1790
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| | Pierpont Edwards (Pro-Admin)
| Resigned
| | Jeremiah Wadsworth (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | December 16, 1790
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| | James Townsend (Pro-Admin)
| Died
| | Thomas Tredwell (Anti-Admin)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 26, 1791" | April 26–28, 1791
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| | Roger Sherman (Pro-Admin)
| Declined to serve
| | Amasa Learned (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | September 19, 1791
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| | William Pinkney (Pro-Admin)
| Resigned
| | John Francis Mercer (Anti-Admin)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 26, 1791" | October 26–29, 1791
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| | Anthony Wayne (Anti-Admin)
| Disqualified
| | John Milledge (Anti-Admin)
| nowrap | July 9, 1792
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| | Joshua Seney (Anti-Admin)
| Resigned
| | William Hindman (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap data-sort-value="January 7, 1793" | January 7–10, 1793
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| | Jonathan Sturges (Pro-Admin)
| Resigned
| | Uriah Tracy (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | April 8, 1793
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| | Benjamin Huntington (Pro-Admin)
| Declined to serve
| | Jonathan Ingersoll (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | September 16, 1793
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| | Stephen M. Mitchell (Pro-Admin)<br />Jonathan Ingersoll (Pro-Admin)
| Declined to serve
| | Joshua Coit (Pro-Admin)<br />Zephaniah Swift (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | November 11, 1793
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| | John Francis Mercer (Anti-Admin)
| Resigned
| | Gabriel Duvall (Anti-Admin)
| nowrap | May 5, 1794
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| | Alexander Gillon (A)
| Died October 6, 1794
| | Robert Goodloe Harper (P)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 13, 1794" | October 13–14, 1794
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| | Uriah Forrest (P)
| Resigned
| | Benjamin Edwards (P)
| nowrap | December 8, 1794
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| | Abraham Clark (Pro-Admin)
| Died September 15, 1794
| | Aaron Kitchell (Pro-Admin)
| nowrap | January 11, 1795
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| | John Barnwell (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Wade Hampton (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="January 19, 1795" | January 19–20, 1795
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| | Jonathan Trumbull (F)
| Resigned
| | Nathaniel Smith (F)
| nowrap | April 13, 1795
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| | Alexander Mebane (DR)
| Died July 5, 1795
| | Absalom Tatom (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="August 13, 1795" | August 13–14, 1795
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| | Gabriel Duvall (DR)
| Resigned March 28, 1796
| | Richard Sprigg (DR)
| nowrap | April 18, 1796
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| | Benjamin Goodhue (F)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Sewall (F)
| nowrap | September 12, 1796
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| | James Hillhouse (F)
| Elected U.S. Senator May 12, 1796; resigned in the fall of 1796
| | James Davenport (F)
| nowrap | September 19, 1796
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| | Jeremiah Crabb (F)
| Resigned in 1796 after June 1
| | William Craik (F)
| nowrap | October 3, 1796
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| | Daniel Hiester (DR)
| Resigned
| | George Ege (F)
| nowrap | October 11, 1796
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| | Benjamin Bourne (F)
| Resigned in October 1796
| | Elisha R. Potter (F)
| nowrap | November 15, 1796
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| | Theodore Sedgwick (F)
| Resigned in early June 1796
| | Thomson J. Skinner (DR)
| nowrap | November 21, 1796
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| | Absalom Tatom (DR)
| Resigned June 1, 1796
| | William Strudwick (F)
| nowrap | November 23, 1796
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| | Uriah Tracy (F)
| Resigned October 13, 1796
| | Samuel W. Dana (F)
| nowrap | December 5, 1796
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| | Benjamin Bourne (F)
| Resigned in October 1796
| | Elisha R. Potter (F)
| nowrap | November 15, 1796
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| | Uriah Tracy (F)<br />Zephaniah Swift (F)
| Declined to serve
| | John Allen (F)<br />James Davenport (F)
| nowrap | April 10, 1797
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| | Daniel Buck (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Lewis R. Morris (F)
| nowrap | May 23, 1797
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| | Theophilus Bradbury (F)
| Resigned July 24, 1797
| | Bailey Bartlett (F)
| nowrap | August 4, 1797
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| | Jeremiah Smith (F)
| Resigned
| | Peleg Sprague (F)
| nowrap | August 28, 1797
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| | Elisha R. Potter (F)
| Resigned in July 1797
| | Thomas Tillinghast (F)
| nowrap | August 29, 1797
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| | William L. Smith (F)
| Resigned July 10, 1797
| | Thomas Pinckney (F)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 4, 1797" | September 4–5, 1797
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| | James Davenport (F)
| Died August 3, 1797.
| | William Edmond (F)
| nowrap | September 18, 1797
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| | George Ege (F)
| Resigned in October 1797
| | Joseph Hiester (DR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1797
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| | Jeremiah Smith (F)
| Resigned June 26, 1797
| | Peleg Sprague (F)
| nowrap | October 30, 1797
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| | Nathan Bryan (DR)
| Died June 4, 1798
| | Richard D. Spaight (DR)
| nowrap | August 2, 1798
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| | John Swanwick (DR)
| Died August 1, 1798
| | Robert Waln (F)
| nowrap | October 9, 1798
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| | Samuel Sitgreaves (F)
| Resigned in 1798
| | Robert Brown (DR)
| nowrap | October 9, 1798
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| | Joshua Coit (F)
| Died September 5, 1798
| | Jonathan Brace (F)
| nowrap | October 22, 1798
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| | William B. Giles (DR)
| Resigned October 2, 1798
| | Joseph Eggleston (DR)
| nowrap | November 1, 1798
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| | Joshua Seney (DR)
| Died October 20, 1798
| | Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)
| nowrap | November 29, 1798
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| | John Allen (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Elizur Goodrich (F)
| nowrap | September 16, 1799
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| | Peleg Sprague (F)
| Declined to serve
| | James Sheafe (F)
| nowrap | November 18, 1799
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| | Jonathan N. Havens (DR)
| Died October 25, 1799
| | John Smith (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 27, 1799" | December 27–29, 1799
|- id="1800"
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| | John Marshall (F)
| Resigned
| | Littleton W. Tazewell (DR)
| nowrap | June 7, 1800
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| | William Gordon (F)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Tenney (F)
| nowrap | August 25, 1800
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| | Jonathan Brace (F)
| Resigned in May 1800
| | John C. Smith (F)
| nowrap | September 15, 1800
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| | Samuel Sewall (F)
| Resigned January 10, 1800
| | Nathan Read (F)
| nowrap | October 20, 1800
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| | William Gordon (F)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Tenney (F)
| nowrap | October 27, 1800
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| | Samuel Lyman (F)
| Resigned November 6, 1800
| | Ebenezer Mattoon (F)
| nowrap | December 15, 1800
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| | Dwight Foster (F)
| Resigned
| | Levi Lincoln (DR)
| nowrap | December 15, 1800
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| | Thomas Hartley (F)
| Died December 21, 1800
| | John Stewart (DR)
| nowrap | January 15, 1801
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| | James Jones (DR)
| Died January 11, 1801
| | John Milledge (DR)
| nowrap | March 23, 1801
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| | Elizur Goodrich (F)
| Resigned
| | Calvin Goddard (F)
| nowrap | April 9, 1801
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| | George Thatcher (F)
| Declined to seek re-election
| | Richard Cutts (DR)
| nowrap | June 22, 1801
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| | David Stone (DR)
| Resigned
| | Charles Johnson (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="August 6, 1801" | August 6–7, 1801
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| | Levi Lincoln (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | Seth Hastings (F)
| nowrap | June 22, 1801
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| | George Thatcher (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Richard Cutts (DR)
| nowrap | June 22, 1801
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| | William Edmond (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Benjamin Tallmadge (F)
| nowrap | September 21, 1801
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| | Silas Lee (F)
| Resigned
| Vacant
| nowrap | September 25, 1801
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| | David Stone (F)
| Resigned before the start of the 7th Congress
| | Charles Johnson (DR)
| nowrap | August 6, 1801
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| | Thomas Tillotson (DR)
| Resigned
| | Theodorus Bailey (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 6, 1801" | October 6–8, 1801
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| | John Bird (F)
| Resigned July 25, 1801
| | John P. Van Ness (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 6, 1801" | October 6–8, 1801
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| | Peter Muhlenberg (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | Isaac Van Horne (DR)
| nowrap | October 13, 1801
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| | Albert Gallatin (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | William Hoge (DR)
| nowrap | October 13, 1801
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| | William C. C. Claiborne (DR)
| Resigned
| | William Dickson (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 29, 1801" | October 29–30, 1801
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| | Richard Sprigg (DR)
| Resigned April 11, 1802
| | Walter Bowie (DR)
| nowrap | March 2, 1802
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| | Benjamin Taliaferro (DR)
| Resigned
| | David Meriwether (DR)
| nowrap | April 5, 1802
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| | Thomas Sumter (DR)
| Resigned
| | Richard Winn (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 12, 1802" | April 12–13, 1802
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| None
| Failure to elect
| | Samuel Thatcher (F)
| nowrap | July 29, 1802
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| | Joseph Peirce (F)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Hunt (F)
| nowrap | August 30, 1802
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| | Charles Johnson (DR)
| Died July 23, 1802
| | Thomas Wynns (DR)
| nowrap | October 15, 1802
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| | John Cantine (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Josiah Hasbrouck (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 26, 1803" | April 26–28, 1803
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| | Elias Perkins (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Simeon Baldwin (F)
| nowrap | September 5, 1803
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| | Isaac Bloom (DR)
| Died
| | Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 14, 1803" | September 14–16, 1803
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| | John Milledge (DR)
| Milledge was elected Governor of Georgia
| | Joseph Bryan (DR)
| nowrap | October 3, 1803
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| | John Smith (DR)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Riker (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 24, 1804" | April 24–26, 1804
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| | Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 11, 1804" | September 11–13, 1804
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| | Thomson J. Skinner (DR)
| Resigned
| | Simon Larned (DR)
| nowrap | September 17, 1804
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| | William Hoge (DR)
| Resigned October 15, 1804
| | John Hoge (DR)
| nowrap | November 2, 1804
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| | John Johns Trigg (DR)
| Died
| | Christopher H. Clark (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 1, 1804" | October 1804
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| | Daniel Hiester (DR)
| Died
| | Roger Nelson (DR)
| nowrap | October 1, 1804
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| | Andrew Moore (DR)
| Resigned
| | Alexander Wilson (DR)
| nowrap | November 13, 1804
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| | Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
| Resigned
| | George Clinton (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="January 2, 1805" | January 2–4, 1805
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| | John B. Earle (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | Elias Earle (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 26, 1805" | September 26–27, 1805
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| | James Gillespie (DR)
| Died
| | Thomas Kenan (DR)
| nowrap | August 8, 1805
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| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 |
| | Calvin Goddard (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Timothy Pitkin (F)
| rowspan=2 nowrap | September 16, 1805
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| | Roger Griswold (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Lewis B. Sturges (F)
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| | James A. Bayard (F)
| Declined to serve
| | James M. Broom (F)
| nowrap | October 1, 1805
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| | John A. Hanna (DR)
| Died July 23, 1805
| | Robert Whitehill (DR)
| nowrap | October 8, 1805
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| | John B. Lucas (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | Samuel Smith (DR)
| nowrap | October 8, 1805
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| | Nathaniel Alexander (DR)
| Resigned
| | Evan S. Alexander (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="January 23, 1806" | January 23–24, 1806
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| | Joseph Bryan (DR)
| Resigned
| | Dennis Smelt (DR)
| nowrap | September 1, 1806
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| | John C. Smith (F)
| Resigned
| | Theodore Dwight (F)
| nowrap | September 15, 1806
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| | Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)
| Resigned
| | Edward Lloyd (DR)
| data-sort-value="September 27, 1806" | September 27/<wbr/>October 4, 1806
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| | Christopher H. Clark (DR)
| Resigned
| | William A. Burwell (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 1, 1806" | November 1806
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| | Michael Leib (DR)
| Resigned
| | John Porter (DR)
| nowrap | November 27, 1806
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| | Thomas Spalding (DR)
| Resigned
| | William W. Bibb (DR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1806
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| | Levi Casey (DR)
| Died
| | Joseph C. Calhoun (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="June 1, 1807" | June 1–2, 1807
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| | Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
| Resigned
| | Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
| nowrap | July 13, 1807
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| | James M. Broom (F)
| Declined to serve
| | Nicholas Van Dyke (F)
| nowrap | October 6, 1807
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| | John Culpepper (F)
| Seat declared vacant from January to February 1808
| | John Culpepper (F)
| nowrap | February 1, 1808
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| | Ezra Darby (DR)
| Died
| | Adam Boyd (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="March 8, 1808" | March 8–9, 1808
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| | David Thomas (DR)
| Resigned
| | Nathan Wilson (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 26, 1808" | April 26–28, 1808
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| | Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
| Died
| | Joseph Story (DR)
| nowrap | May 4, 1808
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| | Nehemiah Knight (DR)
| Died
| | Richard Jackson Jr. (F)
| nowrap | August 30, 1808
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| | James Witherell (DR)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Shaw (DR)
| nowrap | September 6, 1808
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| | John Claiborne (DR)
| Died
| | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 26, 1808" | September 8, 12, 26, 1808
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| | Joseph Clay (DR)
| Resigned after March 28, 1808
| | Benjamin Say (DR)
| nowrap | October 11, 1808
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| | Benjamin Say (DR)
| Resigned in June 1809
| | Adam Seybert (DR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1809
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| | Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)
| Resigned
| | David S. Garland (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 1, 1809" | December 1809
|- id="1810"
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| | William Denning (DR)
| Resigned
| | Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 24, 1810" | April 24–26, 1810
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| | Benjamin Howa (DR)
| Resigned
| | William T. Barry (DR)
| nowrap | August 6, 1810
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| | Samuel W. Dana (F)
| Resigned
| | Ebenezer Huntington (F)
| nowrap | September 17, 1810
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| | Roger Nelson (DR)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Ringgold (DR)
| nowrap | October 1, 1810
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| | James Cox (DR)
| Died
| | John A. Scudder (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 30, 1810" | October 30–31, 1810
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| | Jabez Upham (F)
| Resigned
| | Joseph Allen (F)
| nowrap | October 8, 1810
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| | William Stedman (F)
| Resigned
| | Abijah Bigelow (F)
| nowrap | October 8, 1810
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| | John G. Jackson (DR)
| Resigned
| | William McKinley (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 1, 1810" | November 1810
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| | John Brown (DR)
| Resigned
| | Robert Wright (DR)
| nowrap | November 15, 1810
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| | Robert Marion (DR)
| Resigned
| | Langdon Cheves (DR)
| nowrap | December 31, 1810
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| | John Brown (DR)
| Resigned before the close of the previous Congress
| | Robert Wright (DR)
| nowrap | November 15, 1810
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| | John Montgomery (DR)
| Resigned
| | Stevenson Archer (DR)
| nowrap | October 2, 1811
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| | Joseph B. Varnum (DR)
| Resigned
| | William M. Richardson (DR)
| nowrap | November 4, 1811
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| | Barzillai Gannett (DR)
| Resigned
| | Francis Carr (DR)
| nowrap | April 6, 1812
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| | Howell Cobb (DR)
| Resigned before October 1812
| | William Barnett (DR)
| nowrap | October 5, 1812
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| | Robert L. Livingston (F)
| Resigned
| | Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 15, 1812" | December 15–17, 1812
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| | Thomas Blount (DR)
| Died February 7, 1812
| | William Kennedy (DR)
| nowrap | January 11, 1813
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| | John Smilie (DR)
| Died December 30, 1812
| | Isaac Griffin (DR)
| nowrap | February 16, 1813
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| | John S. Edwards (F)
| Died
| | Reasin Beall (DR)
| nowrap | April 20, 1813
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| | William Dowse (F)
| Died
| | John M. Bowers (F)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 27, 1813" | April 27–29, 1813
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| | John Simpson (DR)
| Died January 22, 1813
| | Stephen Ormsby (DR)
| nowrap | April 29, 1813
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| | Abner Lacock (DR)
| Resigned March 3, 1813
| | Thomas Wilson (DR)
| nowrap | May 4, 1813
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| | Duncan McArthur (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | William Creighton (DR)
| nowrap | May 10, 1813
|-
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| | Robert Whitehill (DR)
| Died April 8, 1813
| | John Rea (DR)
| nowrap | May 11, 1813
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| | John Gloninger (F)
| Resigned August 2, 1813
| | Edward Crouch (DR)
| nowrap | October 12, 1813
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| | John M. Hyneman (DR)
| Resigned August 2, 1813
| | Daniel Udree (DR)
| nowrap | October 12, 1813
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| | William W. Bibb (DR)
| Resigned
| | Alfred Cuthbert (DR)
| nowrap | December 13, 1813
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| | Egbert Benson (F)
| Resigned
| | William Irving (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 28, 1813" | December 28–30, 1813
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| | Henry Clay (DR)
| Resigned
| | Joseph H. Hawkins (DR)
| nowrap | February 28, 1814
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| | William M. Richardson (DR)
| Resigned
| | Samuel Dana (DR)
| nowrap | May 23, 1814
|-
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| | John Dawson (DR)
| Died
| | Philip P. Barbour (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="June 1, 1814" | June 1814
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| | Daniel Dewey (F)
| Resigned
| | John W. Hulbert (F)
| nowrap | August 4, 1814
|-
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| | Samuel Smith (F)
| Failure to elect.
| Vacant
| nowrap | August 29, 1814
|-
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| | Felix Grundy (DR)
| Resigned
| | Newton Cannon (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 15, 1814" | September 15–16, 1814
|-
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| | Jacob Hufty (F)
| Died May 20, 1814
| | Thomas Bines (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 10, 1814" | October 10–11, 1814
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| | Reasin Beall (DR)
| Resigned June 7, 1814
| | David Clendenin (DR)
| nowrap | October 11, 1814
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| | Jonathan Roberts (DR)
| Resigned February 24, 1814
| | Samuel Henderson (F)
| nowrap | October 11, 1814
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| | James Whitehill (DR)
| Resigned September 1, 1814
| | Amos Slaymaker (F)
| nowrap | October 12, 1814
|-
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| | Jonathan Fisk (DR)
| Resigned
| | James W. Wilkin (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 1, 1815" | April 1815
|-
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| | Benjamin Pond (DR)
| Died October 14, 1814
| | Asa Adgate (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="April 1, 1815" | April 1815
|-
|
|
| | Matthew Clay (DR)
| Died May 27, 1815
| | John Kerr (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 1, 1815" | October 1815
|-
|
|
| | Jonathan Williams (DR)
| Died May 16, 1815
| | John Sergeant (F)
| nowrap | October 10, 1815
|-
|
|
| | Amos Ellmaker (DR)
| Resigned July 3, 1815
| | James M. Wallace (DR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1815
|-
|
|
| | David Bard (DR)
| Died March 12, 1815
| | Thomas Burnside (DR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1815
|-
|
|
| | John Sevier (DR)
| Died September 24, 1815
| | William G. Blount (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 7, 1815" | December 7–8, 1815
|-
|
|
| | Nathaniel Macon (DR)
| Resigned
| | Weldon N. Edwards (DR)
| nowrap | January 22, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
| Resigned in 1815
| | Samuel Smith (DR)
| nowrap | January 27, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Enos T. Throop (DR)
| Resigned
| | Daniel Avery (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="September 1, 1816" | September 1816
|-
|
|
| | William Pinkney (DR)
| Pinkney was named Minister to Russia
| | Peter Little (DR)
| nowrap | September 3, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Thomas Burnside (DR)
| Resigned in April 1816
| | William P. Maclay (DR)
| nowrap | October 8, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)
| Died July 4, 1816
| | Thomas M. Nelson (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 10, 1816" | October 10–28, 1816
|-
|
|
| | James Clark (DR)
| Resigned
| | Thomas Fletcher (DR)
| nowrap | December 2, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Alexander C. Hanson (F)
| Resigned
| | George Peter (F)
| nowrap | December 2, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Elijah Brigham (F)
| Died
| | Benjamin Adams (F)
| nowrap | December 2, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Richard Stanford (DR)
| Died April 16, 1816
| | Samuel Dickens (DR)
| nowrap | December 2, 1816
|-
|
|
| | John McLean (DR)
| Resigned in April 1816
| | William Henry Harrison (DR)
| nowrap | October 8, 1816
|-
|
|
| | Alfred Cuthbert (DR)
| Resigned
| | Zadock Cook (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="December 1, 1816" | December 1816
|-
|
|
| | David Scott (DR)
| Resigned
| | John Murray (DR)
| nowrap | October 14, 1817
|-
|
|
| | Sylvanus Blackus (F)<br />Charles Dennison (F)
| Died February 15, 1817
| | Ebenezer Huntington (F)<br />Nathaniel Terry (F)
| nowrap | December 1, 1817
|-
|
|
| | Henry B. Lee (DR)
| Died February 18, 1817
| | James Tallmadge Jr. (DR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1817
|-
|
|
| | Alexander McMillan (F)
| Died
| | James Stewart (F)
| nowrap | January 1, 1818
|-
|
|
| | John C. Calhoun (DR)
| Resigned
| | Eldred Simkins (DR)
| nowrap | February 9, 1818
|-
|
|
| | John Ross (DR)
| Resigned February 24, 1818
| | Thomas J. Rogers (DR)
| nowrap | March 3, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Samuel D. Ingham (DR)
| Resigned July 6, 1818
| | Samuel Moore (DR)
| nowrap | October 13, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Albion Parris (DR)
| Resigned
| | Enoch Lincoln (DR)
| nowrap | November 4, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Daniel M. Forney (DR)
| Resigned
| | William Davidson (F)
| nowrap | November 7, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Uriel Holmes (F)
| Resigned
| | Sylvester Gilbert (DR)
| nowrap | November 16, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Jacob Spangler (DR)
| Resigned April 20, 1818
| | Jacob Hostetter (DR)
| nowrap | November 16, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Thomas B. Robertson (DR)
| Resigned
| | Thomas Butler (DR)
| nowrap | November 16, 1818
|-
|
|
| | Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
| Died February 21, 1818
| | John Pegram (DR)
| nowrap | November 16, 1818
|-
|
|
| | John Forsyth (DR)
| Resigned
| | Robert R. Reid (DR)
| nowrap | January 4, 1819
|-
|
|
| | John Forsyth (DR)
| Resigned
| | Robert R. Reid (DR)
| nowrap | January 4, 1819
|- id="1820"
|
|
| | John Condit (DR)
| Resigned November 4, 1819
| | Charles Kinsey (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="February 1, 1820" | February 1–2, 1820
|-
|
|
| | Edward Dowse (DR)
| Resigned
| | William Eustis (DR)
| nowrap | August 21, 1820
|-
|
|
| | David Fullerton (DR)
| Resigned May 15, 1820
| | Thomas G. McCullough (F)
| nowrap | October 10, 1820
|-
|
|
| | John Holmes (DR)
| Resigned
| | Joseph Dane (F)
| nowrap | November 7, 1820
|-
|
|
| | James Pindall (F)
| Resigned
| | Edward B. Jackson (DR)
| nowrap | November 13, 1820
|-
|
|
| | George F. Strother (DR)
| Resigned
| | Thomas L. Moore (DR)
| nowrap | November 13, 1820
|-
|
|
| | James Johnson (DR)
| Resigned
| | John C. Gray (DR)
| nowrap | November 13, 1820
|-
|
|
| | Joseph Hiester (DR)
| Resigned in December 1820
| | Daniel Udree (DR)
| nowrap | December 26, 1820
|-
|
|
| | Jesse Slocumb (DR)
| Died December 20, 1820
| | William S. Blackledge (DR)
| nowrap | February 7, 1821
|-
|
|
| | John Linn (DR)
| Died January 5, 1821
| | Lewis Condict (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 8, 1821" | October 8–9, 1821
|-
|
|
| | John C. Wright (DR)
| Resigned March 3, 1821
| | David Chambers (DR)
| nowrap | October 9, 1821
|-
|
|
| | James Duncan (DR)
| Resigned in April 1821
| | John Findlay (DR)
| nowrap | October 9, 1821
|-
|
|
| | William Cox Ellis (F)
| Resigned July 20, 1821
| | Thomas Murray Jr. (DR)
| nowrap | October 9, 1821
|-
|
|
| | Selah Tuthill (DR)
| Died September 7, 1821
| | Charles Borland Jr. (DR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 6, 1821" | November 6–8, 1821
|-
|
|
| | John S. Richards (DR)
| Declined to serve
| | James Blair (DR)
| nowrap | December 3, 1821
|-
|
|
| | Wingfield Bullock (DR)
| Died October 13, 1821
| | James D. Breckinridge (DR)
| nowrap | January 2, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Solomon Van Rensselaer (DR)
| Resigned
| | Stephen Van Rensselaer (F)
| nowrap data-sort-value="February 25, 1822" | February 25–27, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Caesar A. Rodney (DR)
| Resigned January 24, 1822
| | Daniel Rodney (F)
| nowrap | October 1, 1822
|-
|
|
| | William Milnor (F)
| Resigned May 8, 1822
| | Thomas Forrest (F)
| nowrap | October 1, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Samuel Moore (DR)
| Resigned May 20, 1822
| | Samuel D. Ingham (DR)
| nowrap | October 1, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Henry Baldwin (DR)
| Died May 8, 1822
| | Walter Forward (DR)
| nowrap | October 1, 1822
|-
|
|
| | William Hendricks (DR)
| Resigned
| | Jonathan Jennings (DR)
| nowrap | December 2, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Ezekiel Whitman (F)
| Resigned June 1, 1822
| | Mark Harris (DR)
| nowrap | December 2, 1822
|-
|
|
| | Ludwig Worman (F)
| Died October 17, 1822
| | Daniel Udree (F)
| nowrap | December 10, 1822
|-
|
|
| | James Blair (DR)
| Resigned
| | John Carter (DR)
| nowrap | December 11, 1822
|-
|
|
| | William Lowndes (DR)
| Resigned May 8, 1822
| | James Hamilton Jr. (DR)
| nowrap | January 6, 1823
|-
|
|
| | Samuel Smith (DR)
| Resigned December 22, 1822
| | Isaac McKim (DR)
| nowrap | January 8, 1823
|-
|
|
| | Samuel Smith (DR)
| Resigned December 22, 1822
| | Isaac McKim (Jackson DR)
| nowrap | January 8, 1823
|-
|
|
| | William B. Rochester (Adams DR)
| Resigned
| | William Woods (Adams DR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1823
|-
|
|
| | William Lee Ball (Crawford DR)
| Died February 29, 1824
| | John Taliaferro (Crawford DR)
| nowrap | April 8, 1824
|-
|
|
| | Thomas J. Rogers (Jackson DR)
| Resigned April 20, 1824
| | George Wolf (Jackson DR)
| nowrap | October 12, 1824
|-
|
|
| | John Tod (Jackson DR)
| Resigned
| | Alexander Thomson (Jackson DR)
| nowrap | October 12, 1824
|-
|
|
| None
| (See note)
| | John Bailey (DR)
| nowrap | December 13, 1824
|-
|
|
| | Charles Rich (DR)
| Died October 15, 1824
| | Henry Olin (DR)
| nowrap | December 13, 1824
|-
|
|
| | William Prince (DR)
| Died September 8, 1824
| | Jacob Call (Jackson DR)
| nowrap | December 23, 1824
|-
|
|
| | Hutchins Gordon Burton (Crawford DR)
| Resigned
| | George Outlaw (Crawford DR)
| nowrap | January 6, 1825
|-
|
|
| | Thomas W. Cobb (Crawford DR)
| Resigned
| | Richard Henry Wilde (Crawford DR)
| nowrap | February 7, 1825
|-
|
|
| | James Allison Jr. (J)
| Resigned
| | Robert Orr Jr. (J)
| nowrap | October 11, 1825
|-
|
|
| | Patrick Farrelly (J)
| Died January 12, 1826
| | Thomas H. Sill (NR)
| nowrap | March 14, 1826
|-
|
|
| | Enoch Lincoln (DR)
| Resigned
| | James W. Ripley (J)
| nowrap | September 11, 1826
|-
|
|
| | David Jennings (NR)
| Resigned May 25, 1826
| | Thomas Shannon (NR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1826
|-
|
|
| | Joseph Hemphill (J)
| Resigned May 1, 1826
| | Thomas Kittera (NR)
| nowrap | October 10, 1826
|-
|
|
| | Henry Wilson (J)
| Died August 14, 1826
| | Jacob Krebs (J)
| nowrap | October 10, 1826
|-
|
|
| | Alexander Thomson (J)
| Resigned May 1, 1826
| | Chauncey Forward (J)
| nowrap | October 10, 1826
|-
|
|
| | William Burleigh (NR)
| Died July 2, 1827
| | Rufus McIntire (J)
| nowrap | September 10, 1827
|-
|
|
| | Edward Fenwick Tattnall (J)
| (See note)
| | George Rockingham Gilmer (J)
| nowrap | October 1, 1827
|-
|
|
| | Louis McLane (J)
| Resigned
| | Kensey Johns Jr. (NR)
| nowrap | October 2, 1827
|-
|
|
| | William Wilson (NR)
| Died June 6, 1827
| | William Stanbery (J)
| nowrap | October 9, 1827
|-
|
|
| None
| Previous election was tied
| | John Sergeant (NR)
| nowrap | October 9, 1827
|-
|
|
| | John Forsyth (J)
| Resigned
| | Richard Henry Wilde (J)
| nowrap | November 17, 1827
|-
|
|
| | George Holcombe (J)
| Died January 4, 1828
| | James F. Randolph (NR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 3, 1828" | November 3–4, 1828
|-
|
|
| | Hedge Thompson (NR)
| Died July 23, 1828
| | Thomas Sinnickson (NR)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 3, 1828" | November 3–4, 1828
|-
|
|
| | William Creighton (NR)
| Resigned
| | Francis Swaine Muhlenberg (NR)
| nowrap | December 2, 1828
|-
|
|
| | Peleg Sprague (NR)
| Resigned
| | George Evans (NR)
| nowrap | July 20, 1829
|-
|
|
| | Samuel D. Ingham (J)<br />George Wolf (J)
| Ingham became U.S. Treasury Secretary March 6, 1829<br />Wolf was elected Governor of Pennsylvania
| | Peter Ihrie Jr. (J)<br />Samuel A. Smith (J)
| nowrap | October 13, 1829
|-
|
|
| | William Wilkins (J)
| Resigned
| | Harmar Denny (Anti-M)
| nowrap | December 15, 1829
|- id="1830"
|
|
| | John M. Goodenow (J)
| Resigned April 9, 1830
| | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)
| nowrap | October 11, 1830
|-
|
|
| | James W. Ripley (J)
| Resigned
| | Cornelius Holland (J)
| nowrap | December 6, 1830
|-
|
|
| | Rollin Carolas Mallary (NR)
| Died April 15, 1831
| | William Slade (Anti-M)
| nowrap | November 1, 1831
|-
|
|
| | William Ramsey (J)
| Died September 29, 1831
| | Robert McCoy (J)
| nowrap | November 22, 1831
|-
|
|
| | Jonathan Hunt (NR)
| Died May 15, 1832
| | Hiland Hall (NR)
| nowrap | January 1, 1833
|-
|
|
| | Joel B. Sutherland (J)
| Resigned March 5, 1833
| | Joel B. Sutherland (J)
| nowrap | October 8, 1833
|-
|
|
| | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)
| Resigned July 10, 1834
| | Daniel Kilgore (J)
| nowrap | October 14, 1834
|-
|
|
| | Robert T. Lytle (J)
| Resigned March 10, 1834
| | Robert T. Lytle (J)
| nowrap | November 8, 1834
|-
|
|
| | Benjamin F. Deming (Anti-M)
| Died July 11, 1834
| | Henry Fisk Janes (Anti-M)
| nowrap | November 10, 1834
|-
|
| <br />Seat A
| | William W. Ellsworth (NR)
| Resigned July 8, 1834
| | Joseph Trumbull (NR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1834
|-
|
| <br />Seat B
| | Jabez W. Huntington (NR)
| Resigned August 16, 1834
| | Phineas Miner (NR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1834
|-
|
| <br />Seat C
| | Samuel A. Foot (NR)
| Resigned May 9, 1834
| | Ebenezer Jackson Jr. (NR)
| nowrap | December 1, 1834
|-
|
|
| | John Banks (Anti-M)
| Resigned April 2, 1836
| | John J. Pearson (NR)
| nowrap | October 11, 1836
|-
|
|
| | Jesse Miller (J)
| Resigned October 30, 1836
| | James Black (J)
| nowrap | November 4, 1836
|-
|
|
| | Philemon Dickerson (J)
| Resigned November 3, 1836
| | William Chetwood (W)
| nowrap data-sort-value="November 15, 1836" | November 15–16, 1836
|-
|
|
| | Francis J. Harper (D)
| Died March 18, 1837
| | Charles Naylor (W)
| nowrap | June 29, 1837
|-
|
|
| | Andrew W. Loomis (W)
| Resigned October 20, 1837
| | Charles D. Coffin (W)
| nowrap | November 30, 1837
|-
|
|
| | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D)
| Resigned February 9, 1838
| | George M. Keim (D)
| nowrap | March 8, 1838
|-
|
|
| | Jonathan Cilley (D)
| Killed February 24, 1838
| | Edward Robinson (W)
| nowrap | April 28, 1838
|-
|
|
| | Timothy J. Carter (D)
| Died March 14, 1838
| | Virgil D. Parris (D)
| nowrap | May 29, 1838
|-
|
|
| | Elisha Whittlesey (W)
| Resigned July 9, 1838
| | Joshua Reed Giddings (W)
| nowrap | October 9, 1838
|-
|
|
| | Daniel Kilgore (D)
| Resigned July 4, 1838
| | Henry Swearingen (D)
| nowrap | November 5, 1838
|-
|
|
| | William W. Potter (D)
| Died October 28, 1839
| | George McCulloch (D)
| nowrap | November 20, 1839
|- id="1840"
|
|
| | Thomas Corwin (W)
| Resigned May 30, 1840
| | Jeremiah Morrow (W)
| nowrap | October 13, 1840
|-
|
|
| | Richard Biddle (Anti-M)
| Resigned May 13, 1840
| | Henry M. Brackenridge (W)
| nowrap | October 13, 1840
|-
|
|
| | William S. Ramsey (D)
| Died October 17, 1840
| | Charles McClure (D)
| nowrap | November 20, 1840
|-
|
|
| | William S. Ramsey (D)
| Died October 17, 1840
| | Amos Gustine (D)
| nowrap | May 4, 1841
|-
|
|
| | Enos Hook (D)
| Resigned April 18, 1841
| | Henry W. Beeson (D)
| nowrap | May 25, 1841
|-
|
|
| | George Evans (W)
| Resigned
| | David Bronson (W)
| nowrap | May 31, 1841
|-
|
|
| | Charles Ogle (W)
| Died May 10, 1841
| | Henry Black (W)
| nowrap | June 8, 1841
|-
|
|
| | John Sergeant (W)
| Resigned September 15, 1841
| | Joseph Reed Ingersoll (W)
| nowrap | October 12, 1841
|-
|
|
| | Henry Black (W)
| Died November 28, 1841
| | James M. Russell (W)
| nowrap | December 21, 1841
|-
|
|
| | Davis Dimock Jr. (D)
| Died January 13, 1842
| | Almon Heath Read (D)
| nowrap | March 1, 1842
|-
|
|
| | Joshua Reed Giddings (W)
| Resigned March 22, 1842
| | Joshua Reed Giddings (W)
| nowrap | April 26, 1842
|-
|
|
| | Joseph Lawrence (W)
| Died April 17, 1842
| | Thomas M. T. McKennan (W)
| nowrap | May 20, 1842
|-
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 |
| | Robert C. Winthrop (W)
| Resigned
| | Nathan Appleton (W)
| nowrap | June 3, 1842
|-
| | Nathan Appleton (W)
| Resigned September 28, 1842
| | Robert C. Winthrop (W)
| nowrap | November 14, 1842
|-
|
|
| | William Wilkins (D)
| Resigned February 14, 1844
| | Cornelius Darragh (W)
| nowrap | March 15, 1844
|-
|
|
| | Henry Frick (W)
| Died March 1, 1844
| | James Pollock (W)
| nowrap | April 9, 1844
|-
|
|
| | Heman A. Moore (D)
| Died April 3, 1844
| | Alfred P. Stone (D)
| nowrap | October 8, 1844
|-
|
|
| | Henry R. Brinkerhoff (D)
| Died April 30, 1844
| | Edward S. Hamlin (D)
| nowrap | October 8, 1844
|-
|
|
| | Almon Heath Read (D)
| Died June 3, 1844
| | George Fuller (D)
| nowrap | October 8, 1844
|-
|
|
| | Samuel G. Wright (W)
| Died July 30, 1845
| | George Sykes (D)
| nowrap data-sort-value="October 7, 1845" | October 7–8, 1845
|-
|
|
| | David Levy Yulee (D)
| Declined seat to become U.S. Senator from Florida
| | William Henry Brockenbrough (D)
| nowrap | October 6, 1845
|-
|
|
| None
| (See note)
| | Alexander H. Stephens (D)
| nowrap | December 1, 1873
|-
|
|
| | Joseph G. Wilson (R)
| Died July 2, 1873
| | James W. Nesmith (D)
| nowrap | December 1, 1873
|-
|
|
| | Hugh J. Jewett (D)
| Resigned June 23, 1874
| | William E. Finck (D)
| nowrap | October 13, 1874
|-
|
|
| | Ebenezer McJunkin (R)
| Resigned January 1, 1875
| | John M. Thompson (R)
| nowrap | November 3, 1874
|-
|
|
| None