This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.

Privatisation by country

Argentina

  • Aerolíneas Argentina (1990) – former national carrier; renationalized in 2009.
  • Agua y Energía Eléctrica (1992–95) – national electricity production company; partitioned and sold.
  • Buenos Aires Underground (1994) – given under concession but still owned by the State.
  • Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telégrafos (ENCoTel, 1997) – given under concession as Correo Argentino. Re-nationalized in 2003.
  • ENTel (national telecommunications company, 1990) – partitioned and sold to France Télécom and to Spanish Telefónica.
  • Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA, 1995) – sold to Lockheed Martin.
  • Ferrocarriles Argentinos (1991–95) – railway lines all over the country (partially re-nationalized).
  • Gas del Estado (1992) – national gas company partitioned and sold, among others, to the Spanish Gas Natural company Naturgy.
  • Obras Sanitarias de la Nación (water company, 1992–93) - given under concession to the French conglomerate Suez, which operated it under the name Aguas Argentinas; re-nationalized in 2006 as Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos (AySA).
  • Segba (1992) - partitioned and given under concession to Edesur, Edenor and Edelap.
  • Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF, 1991–92) – national oil-company sold to the Spanish Repsol. The Argentinian government in 2004 set up a new state oil company (Enarsa) from scratch, which proved of no use. In 2012, the Argentine Government expropriated 51% of the shares of YPF owned by Repsol.

Australia

  • Commonwealth Oil Refineries 1952 Under Liberal
  • Optus 1985 Under Labor
  • Commonwealth Bank of Australia 1991 Under Labor
  • Qantas 1993 Under labor
  • Commonwealth Serum Laboratories 1994 Under Labor
  • Electricity and natural gas supply companies in Victoria 1995 Under Liberal
  • Telstra 1997 Under Liberal
  • Public transport in Melbourne 1999 Under Liberal
  • Electricity Trust of South Australia 1999 Under Liberal
  • Sydney Airport 2002 Under Liberal
  • Medibank 2014 Under Liberal
  • Commonwealth Industrial Gases
  • Government Cleaning Service in New South Wales
  • Government Insurance Office in New South Wales
  • Government Printing Service in New South Wales
  • State-owned betting-agencies in most states Under Liberal and Labor
  • Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services Under Liberal and Labor
  • All freight railway services Under Liberal and Labor
  • Most State-owned banks Under Liberal and Labor

Austria

Source:

1950s

  • Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (1955; partial privatization — a small portion of oil companies returned to Western owners; the majority transferred to the newly established state-owned OMV)
  • Creditanstalt (1956–1997)
  • Länderbank (1957; partial privatization — 40% of shares sold to private investors: 30% were non-voting preference shares, while the 10% voting shares were allocated to institutions affiliated with the SPÖ and ÖVP)
  • OMV (1987–96; government retains 31.5%)
  • Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik (1988; fully privatised through a management buyout)
  • Verbund (1988; partial privatization through IPO — 49% of shares were listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange, the government retained 51%)

1990s

  • Simmering-Graz-Pauker (1992–1994; the company is now part of Siemens)
  • voestalpine (1992-2005)
  • Voest-Alpine Eisenbahntechnik (1992–94; privatized in stages — became VAE, which was jointly acquired by voestalpine and Vossloh in 1998; fully owned by voestalpine by 2003 and now operates as voestalpine Railway Systems)
  • VA Technologie (1994-2005; partial privatisation began with IPO in 1994 — additional shares sold in 2003 and 2005; acquired by Siemens in 2005 and later integrated into Primetals Technologies)
  • Böhler-Uddeholm (1995–2003; IPO in 1995 — gradual reduction of state stake until full privatization by 2003)
  • Voest-Alpine Stahl AG (1995-2003; initial tranche of 31.7% sold in 1995 — further shares were divested in 2001 and 2003, completing full privatization)
  • VA Bergtechnik (1996)
  • Voest-Alpine Erzberg (2004)
  • Austria Mikro Systeme International (1993–94; now operates as AMS-Osram)
  • A.S.A. Abfall Service (1993; fully privatized through sale to Électricité de France — acquired by FCC Group in 2005 and now operates as FCC Austria)
  • AT&S (1994)
  • Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment (1995)
  • Schoeller-Bleckmann Edelstahlrohr GesmbH (1995)
  • Bernhard Steinel Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH (1995)
  • Weiler Werkzeugmaschinen (1995)
  • GIWOG-Wohnbaugruppe (1996)
  • Vamed (1996; government retained 13% until 2024)
  • AMAG Austria Metall AG (1996)
  • Salinen Austria (1997)
  • Mobilkom Austria (1997)
  • Wiener Boerse (1999)
  • Bank Austria (1997–98)
  • Austria Tabak (1997, 1999, 2001)

2000s

  • Österreichische Postsparkasse (2000)
  • Telekom Austria (2000–2006; privatisation began with an IPO in 2000 — additional tranches were sold over the following years, and the state retained a minority stake of 28.42% after 2006)
  • Vienna International Airport (2000, 2001; regional governments of Vienna and Lower Austria retain 40%)
  • Österreichische Staatsdruckerei (2000)
  • Dorotheum (2001)
  • Österreichischer Bundesverlag (2002; was a formerly state-owned educational publisher, responsible for producing school textbooks and other educational materials; today it's part of Klett Gruppe.)
  • Strohal Rotations Druck (2002)
  • BMG Metall und Recycling (2004)
  • BUWOG (2004; privatised through sale to Immofinanz — later spun off and acquired by Vonovia, becoming part of the largest residential property group in Europe)
  • Austrian Post (2006; government retains 52.8%)
  • Bank Burgenland (2006; the regional state bank owned by the state of Burgenland was sold to GRAWE)
  • Austrian Airlines (2009; acquired by Lufthansa Group)

2010s

  • Funkhaus Wien (2016)

2020s

  • EuroTeleSites (2023; partial privatization through IPO - A1 Telekom Austria Group spun off its radio tower division and listed it on the Vienna Stock Exchange; the state retains an indirect stake via ÖBAG)
  • Vamed (2024; government sold its remaining 13% to Fresenius)
  • Wiener Lokalbahnen Cargo (since 2025; ongoing divestment process — Wiener Stadtwerke announced in 2025 that it intends to sell its freight transport subsidiary WLC to CER Cargo)

Bahrain

  • Bahrain Telecommunications Co. (Q1 2005, $800 million)

Bolivia

Brazil

  • Banco do Estado do Maranhão S.A
  • Banespa
  • BB Turismo
  • CEDAE
  • CELMA
  • CSN
  • Eletrobras
  • Embraer
  • Embratel
  • Light
  • Petrobras Distribuidora
  • RFFSA
  • Sabesp
  • Terminal Pesqueiro de Manaus
  • Terminal Pesqueiro de Vitória
  • Telebrás
  • Usiminas
  • Vale do Rio Doce
  • VASP

Canada

  • Teleglobe (1987) – an international telco carrier
  • Air Canada (1988)
  • Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (1989)
  • Telus (1991), formerly Alberta Government Telephones
  • Petro-Canada (1991)
  • Nova Scotia Power (1992)
  • Canadian National Railway (1995)
  • Saskatchewan Wheat Pool (1996)
  • Manitoba Telecom Services or MTS (1996)
  • Highway 407 (1999) – leased to private operators
  • Ontario Hydro (1999) – only partially privatized with Hydro One and Ontario Power Generation, a publicly owned company and crown corporation respectively
  • Uranium industry in Saskatchewan

Chile

  • CAP S.A.
  • Chilectra
  • Colbún S.A.
  • CTC
  • Enaex
  • Empremar
  • Endesa
  • Entel
  • Esval
  • IANSA
  • Lan Airlines
  • Pension Funds (AFP)
  • Soquimich

Czechoslovakia

  • Virtually everything after the Velvet Revolution in 1989; see voucher privatization for details.

Egypt

Abt Associates Inc.; sponsored by Government of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and United States Agency for International Development; November 2000.

Retrieved 20 April 2011. In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of Alexandria, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."

  • biscomisr
  • corona Company for foods industries (former Alexandria Confectionary and Chocolate)
  • Alexbank
  • Heliopark
  • Telemisr
  • Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemicals Industries Company
  • Abou Zaabal Fertlizers
  • Egyptian Financial Industrial company (EFIC)
  • Eastern Company for Tobacco and Cigarettes
  • Alexandria Container & Cargo Handling Company
  • Commercial International Bank
  • Madinet Masr For Housing and Development (former Madinet Nasr For Housing and Development)
  • Vodafone Egypt (former Masr Fone "click")
  • Orange Egypt (former Mobinil)
  • Ezz Steel (former Alexandria alwatania for Iron and Steel)
  • e-finance
  • Ideal (former Industrial Delta Company)
  • Al-Ahram Beverages Company
  • Pachin paints
  • Quicktel
  • Elnasr for Clothing and Textiles "KAPO"
  • Alexandria for spining and textiles "spinalex"
  • pepsi cola egypt
  • Cocacola egypt
  • schweppes egypt
  • AZRIMOT EGYPT (Former Al Ahli Financial Investments Management Company "AFIM")
  • Al-Ahli Real Estate Development (Alahli-Sabbour)
  • Telecom Egypt (Privatizated 30% )
  • Ras El Hekma agreement with Abu Dhabi–based ADQ
  • Suez Cement
  • Helwan Cement
  • Torah Portland Cement
  • South Valley Cement
  • Alexandria Cement
  • Ameriyah Cement
  • Assuit cement
  • Bani suif Cement
  • Egypt Free Shops
  • Egyptian Starch & Glucose
  • Egyptian Electro Cables
  • Modern Textiles (Bolivara) was taken over by United Arab for Spinning and Weaving (UNIRAB)
  • Kafr El Zayat for Insecticides
  • Arabia Cotton Ginning
  • Nile Cotton Ginning
  • Middle East Co. for Paper SIMO
  • Siklam Milk Factory
  • San Stepheno Hotel : Lands and Premises
  • Cairo Sheraton

Finland

  • Finnair
  • Sonera (former Telecom Finland)

France

1980s

  • Compagnie Générale d'Electricité became Alcatel (1987)
  • Havas (1987)
  • IN Groupe (1993)
  • Matra (1988)
  • Paribas – privatized in 1987 and merged with BNP to form BNP Paribas
  • Saint-Gobain – created in 1665 by minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert; privatized in 1986
  • Société Générale privatized in 1987
  • Suez – privatized and merged with the stated-owned Gaz de France (GDF) in 2008 to form GDF Suez
  • TF1 – first TV channel of France, privatized in 1987

1990s

  • France Télécom (1998)
  • Arcelor (1995)
  • Assurances Générales de France (1996)
  • Groupe Bull (1997)
  • CNP Assurances (1998)
  • Compagnie générale transatlantique (1996) – merged with CMA to form CMA CGM
  • Crédit Industriel et Commercial (1998)
  • Crédit local de France (1991)
  • Le Crédit Lyonnais (1999)
  • Elf Aquitaine – privatized in 1994; absorbed by Total
  • Eramet (1999)
  • Gan (1998)
  • Pechiney (1995)
  • Renault (1996) – the French state still have 15.01% of the shareholding
  • SEITA (1995) – now Altadis
  • Total
  • Union des Assurances de Paris (1994)

2000s

  • Aéroports de Paris – the French State remains the major shareholder: 52%
  • Air France – opening shareholding open in 1999. Merged with KLM and merged to form: Air France-KLM (as 2004, the French State remain 44%). As of 2012, the French State remains 15.8%.
  • Credit Lyonnais (a bank;– privatized in 2001)
  • Électricité de France (EDF) (in December 2005 France sold 30% of EDF)
  • French Highway Concession
  • A'lienor – sold to Eiffage (65%) and Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (35%)
  • Alis – sold to Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France
  • Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie – sold to Vinci
  • Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France – sold to Abertis (52,5%); the rest is owned by other investors
  • Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône – sold to Eiffage
  • Autoroutes du Sud de la France – sold to Vinci
  • Arcour – sold to Vinci
  • Atlandes – sold to Colas Group (subsidiaries of Bouygues) and other investors
  • Cofiroute – sold to Vinci
  • Gaz de France (GDF) – Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced a merger between GDF and Suez; since the state owns 80% of GDF, a privatization of GDF would require the passing of a new law; the state would control only 34% of the capital of the new group: see commentary.
  • Orange S.A. (formerly France Télécom) (the French State has owned under 50% of Orange since September 2004) – the French State remains (including ERAP): 26,94%
  • Pages Jaunes (Yellow Pages) (in 2004 France sold 32% of Pages Jaunes for €1.25 billion)
  • Snecma (in 2004 France sold 35% of Snecma for €1.45 billion)
  • Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (2000) – merged with DASA and CASA to form the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company
  • Thomson Multimédia
  • Thomson Multimédia – now Technicolor
  • Thomson-CSF – now Thales Group; the French State remains 27%
  • SNCM (Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée) – ferry-company; privatized at the end of 2005; the French State remains 25% in SNCM

2010s

  • Française des Jeux (FDJ) – in 2019 the French State sold off around 50% of its shares retaining 20%

Germany

  • 1921: UFA
  • 1960: Volkswagen Group (the Lower Saxony still retains an 11.8% stake)
  • 1965-87: VEBA (now part of E.ON)
  • 1966-97: Lufthansa
  • 1986-88: VIAG (now part of E.ON)
  • Deutsche Bundespost became in January 1995:
  • Deutsche Post – the state owns 16.45% through the KfW.
  • Deutsche Telekom – the state still owns 27.8%, partly direct and partly through the KfW.
  • Deutsche Postbank – in 2004 the state floated a minority stake for €2.5 billion

Ghana

Guinea

Greece

  • DESFA – On 20 December 2018, a consortium formed by Snam (60%), Enagás (20%) and Fluxys (20%) completed the acquisition of a 66% stake in DESFA for an amount of €535 million.
  • Hellenic Petroleum – Starting from the 1990s, the Greek Government gradually sold its shares in the company, and currently owns only 35.5% of the shares.
  • Hellenic Vehicle Industry (ELVO) – In December 2020, 79% of the shares were acquired by an Israeli consortium formed by Plasan and SK Group. The Hellenic state continues to retains 21% of the shares.
  • Olympic Airways – at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012.
  • OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) – privatization completed in 2013, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold
  • OTE (Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) – became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%. Since May 2018, Deutsche Telekom owns 45% of the shares, and the Hellenic State has retained 5%.
  • Piraeus Port Authority – In April 2016, HRADF sold 51% of Piraeus Port Authority to the COSCO Group.
  • Public Power Corporation – In 2001, PPC carried out a share flotation on the Athens Stock Exchange and consequently was no longer wholly owned by the government, although it was still controlled by it with a 51.12% stake until 2021. The company was privatised in November 2021, when the Greek government decreased its shareholding to 34.12% and transferred it to the Greek sovereign wealth fund, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP).
  • Thessaloniki Port Authority – In March 2018, an international consortium acquired 67% of the shares, with the Hellenic State retaining 7.27%.
  • TrainOSE – It was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian railway company, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.

Hong Kong

  • Hong Kong Mail Service
  • Link REIT
  • MTR Corporation

Honduras

Iceland

  • Búnaðarbanki Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003
  • Landsbanki Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003
  • Landssími Íslands hf – privatized in 2005
  • Skýrr hf – privatized in 1997–1998

India

  • Air India – sold to Tata Group in 2020
  • Bharat Aluminium Company – sold to Vedanta Limited in 2000
  • CMC Limited – sold to Tata Consultancy Services in 2001
  • Lagan Engineering – in 2001
  • Hindustan Zinc Limited – sold to Vedanta Limited in 2001
  • Maruti Udyog Limited later became a joint venture between Suzuki and Government of India, now known as Maruti Suzuki
  • Modern Food Industries – sold to Hindustan Unilever in 2000
  • Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited – sold to Tata Group in 2002
  • Jessop & Company – sold to Ruia Group in 2003
  • Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited – sold to Reliance Industries
  • Hindustan Petroleum - sold to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in 2017
  • IDBI Bank - 51% majority sold to LIC in 2019
  • Following Airports:
  • Jaipur International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Cochin International Airport
  • Mangalore International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Thiruvananthapuram International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by GMR Group
  • Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport - Lucknow – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by GMR Group
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - Mumbai – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport - Ahmedabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
  • Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport - Guwahati – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group

Indonesia

  • Aneka Gas Industri (partially sold to Messer Group and PT Tira Austenite in 1996, fully sold to Samator Gas in 2004)
  • Indosat (sold to Temasek Holdings in 2002–2003)

Iran

Iraq

  • (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States-sponsored government

Ireland

  • ACCBank – sold to Rabobank
  • Aer Lingus – floated on the stock market
  • AIB – after the 2008 financial crisis, the bank was nationalised; the Irish Government still retains a 12.5% stake.[https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/irish-state-cuts-aib-stake-in-further-move-towards-privatisation/ar-AA1xZfe9]
  • British and Irish Steampacket Company Limited – sold to Irish Continental Group
  • Cablelink – sold to NTL Ireland; formerly held 50/50 by Telecom Éireann and Raidió Teilifís Éireann, both state-owned at the time
  • ICC Bank – sold to Bank of Scotland
  • Irish Life – sold to Irish Permanent
  • Irish National Petroleum Corporation – all assets sold to ConocoPhillips, still exists in law
  • Irish Steel – acquired by affiliates of Ispat Steel
  • Irish Sugar – floated on stock market as Greencore; state retains one share for veto purposes
  • Nítrigin Éireann – sold to its other shareholder in Irish Fertiliser Industries, Richardsons, final firm called IFI, no longer exists
  • Telecom Éireann – floated on the stock market
  • TSB Bank – bought by Irish Life and Permanent from the Government of Ireland in 2001

Israel

  • Bezeq
  • El Al
  • Bank Hapoalim
  • Bank Leumi (partial)
  • Israel Chemicals
  • Israel Discount Bank (partial)
  • RAFAEL Armament Development Authority (partial)
  • Zim Integrated Shipping Services

Italy

  • INA Assitalia
  • ITA Airways acquired by Lufthansa Group
  • Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion)
  • Eni
  • IRI (among which are Autostrade s.p.a., Credito Italiano)
  • Telecom Italia
  • Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004)

Japan

  • Japan Airlines
  • Japan Highway Public Corporation (only converted into three regional joint-stock companies which are all remaining wholly state-owned)
  • Japan Post (half-privatized; the state must by law own one-third)
  • Japan Railways Group (formerly Japanese National Railways)
  • Japan Tobacco (the state must by law own one-third)
  • New Tokyo International Airport Authority (Narita Airport) (only converted into joint-stock company which remains wholly state-owned)
  • Nippon Express
  • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (the state must by law own one-third)

Jordan

  • Aramex International (Q1 2005, 75% for $150–200 million)
  • Jordan Telecom
  • Queen Alia International Airport

South Korea

  • Korea Electric Power (KEPCO; half-privatized)
  • Korea Telecom
  • KOGAS
  • KT&G (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng)
  • POSCO (Pohang Iron & Steel)

Kuwait

  • Kuwait Finance House (November 2004, 25% of the company for $1 billion)

Malaysia

  • Johor Water Corporation
  • Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad – national railway company
  • Malaysia Airlines
  • Malaysia Airports Holdings
  • Pasir Gudang Local Authority
  • Pos Malaysia – national postal services
  • Senai International Airport
  • Telekom Malaysia
  • Tenaga National Berhad – national electricity-generation and distribution

Mexico

1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds.

Morocco

Netherlands

  • PTT, the mail and telecom company

New Zealand

  • Air New Zealand – privatized in 1989, subsequently rescued by the Government of New Zealand in 2001
  • Auckland Airport
  • Bank of New Zealand – semi-privatized in 1987; rescued by the Crown in 1990; sold off in 1992
  • Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ) – part of which became privatized as Contact Energy in the period 1995–1998
  • Government Print
  • Ministry of Works and Development
  • Natural Gas Corporation (NGC), ultimately absorbed into Vector Limited
  • New Zealand Steel – privatized from 1987, now part of BlueScope
  • The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) – bought by the ANZ Bank in 1989
  • Telecom New Zealand – privatized in 1990
  • New Zealand Rail Limited – privatized in 1993, became Tranz Rail Limited in 1995; the government subsequently repurchased the track lease
  • various council-controlled organisations formerly owned by territorial authorities: see also Local Authority Trading Enterprises (LATEs)

Norway

  • Arcus (sold to Sucra in 2001)
  • Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse (sold to Nordea in 2000)
  • DnB NOR (floated on the stock market in 1995, government retains 34%)
  • Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap (sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2003)
  • Fredrikstad Energi (49% sold to Fortum)
  • Kongsberg Gruppen (floated on the stock market in 1993, government retains 50%)
  • Norsk Medisinaldepot (sold to Celesio in 2001)
  • NSB Gods (now CargoNet, partially sold to Green Cargo in 2002, NSB retains 55%)
  • Oslo Energi (parts merged with Hafslund)
  • Postbanken (merged with DnB NOR in 1999)
  • Statkorn (floated on the stock market as Cermaq in 2000, government retains 44%)
  • Statoil (floated on the stock market in 2001, government retains 71%)
  • Telenor (floated on the stock market in 2000, government retains 54%)
  • TrønderBilene (66% sold to Fosen Trafikklag in 1999)
  • Østfold Energi (parts sold to Fortum in 2001)
  • Årdal og Sunndal Verk (merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986)

Pakistan

  • National Refinery Limited (acquired by Attock Group of Companies in July 2005)
  • Pakistan Telecom sold out to Eitisalat in 2006.

Peru

  • AeroPeru – Peruvian Air Transport Enterprise (sold to Aeroméxico in 1993, closed in 1999)
  • ENATRU – National Urban Transport Enterprise (sold to the employees)
  • Empresa Regional de Servicio Público de Electricidad del Sur Medio – ELECTRODUNAS (Sold to HICA)
  • SIDERPERU (Sold to Sider Corporation S.A)
  • PESCAPERU – Fishing National Enterprise
  • MINEROPERU – Peruvian National Mining Company
  • Tintaya (sold to Magma Copper Corporation)
  • Ilo Mining (sold to Southern Peru Copper Corporation, and since 2018 is part of Grupo Mexico)
  • Centromin – Mining of Central Peru
  • Hierro Peru (Sold to Shougang Group)
  • National Company of Gas – SOL GAS (sold to Repsol)
  • EDEGEL (sold to Endesa in 1996, since 2016 is part of Enel)
  • ENAFER (Parts of Peru Rail, Fetransa and FCCA)
  • CPT – ENTEL (Sold to Telefonica in 1994)
  • EDELNOR (sold to Endesa in 1994, since 2016 is part of Enel)
  • EDELSUR (sold to Sempra Energy in 1994, since 2019 is part of CTG)
  • Banco Continental del Peru (Sold to BBV and since 1999 part of BBVA)
  • Inter bank (Part of Banco Internacional del Peru)

Philippines

  • Manila Hotel – was acquired by the Insular Government through the Manila Railroad Company in 1919, re-privatized in 1995.
  • Metro Manila Transit Corporation – split into four private companies in the 1990s.
  • National Sugar Trading Corporation (NASUTRA) – Former state monopoly, split in 1986 into its various predecessors.
  • Philippine National Bank – 1989–2005
  • Radio Philippines Network – 80% privatized since 2014.

Poland

  • Telekomunikacja Polska S.A.

Portugal

  • ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports)
  • CIMPOR
  • CTT – Portuguese post
  • EDP – Energia de Portugal
  • Fidelidade – the insurance part of the CGD public bank
  • Galp Energia – national petroleum company
  • Portugal Telecom – national telecommunications company
  • REN – Rede Eléctrica Nacional
  • TAP – airline

Qatar

  • Qatargas (now QatarEnergy LNG) – liquefied natural gas company (Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)

Romania

  • Rompetrol – petroleum company (1993 & 1998)
  • Ursus Breweries – beer brewer and distributor (1996)
  • Romcim (now Lafarge Romania) – industrial materials company (1997)
  • Casial Hunedoara (now HeidelbergCement Romania) – industrial materials company (1997)
  • Romtelecom (now Telekom Romania) – telecommunications company (1998 & 2003)
  • BRD – Groupe Société Générale – bank (1999)
  • Automobile Dacia – car manufacturer (1999)
  • Astra Rail Industries – rail vehicle manufacturer (1999 & 2000)
  • Petromidia Refinery – oil refinery (2000)
  • Sidex (now ArcelorMittal Galați) – steelworks (2001)
  • Alro – aluminium company (2002)
  • Petrom – petroleum company (2004)
  • Banca Comercială Română – bank (2003 & 2006)
  • Electrica – electricity distributor (2006, 2008 & 2014)
  • Automobile Craiova (now Ford Romania) – car manufacturer (2007)

Russia

A wide-scale privatization program was launched in 1992–1994, using a voucher privatization scheme; from 1995, a monetary scheme was used.

  • Gazprom (1994)
  • LUKoil (1995)
  • Mechel (1995)
  • MMC Norilsk Nickel (1995)
  • Novolipetsk Steel (1995)
  • Surgutneftegaz (1995)
  • YUKOS (1995)

Saudi Arabia

  • Al-Bilad Bank (2008, 50%)
  • Bank Al-Inma (2008, 70%)
  • Government Hotels (2005, 100% of King Abdullah International Convention Centre in Jeddah and Ritz Carlton in Riyadh)
  • Maaden (2008, 50%)
  • National Commercial Bank (2014, 25%)
  • Riyad Bank (2008, 58%)
  • SABIC (1984, 30%)
  • Saudi Arabian Airlines (2006, split into 10 business units, 5 of which were privatized)
  • Saudi Electric Company (2000, 26%)
  • Saudi Ports (1997, 27 management contracts were given out to various ports around the Kingdom)
  • Saudi Real Estate Company (2003, 50%)
  • Saudi Telecom Company (2002, 30%)

Singapore

  • Port of Singapore Authority (1997)
  • Post Office Savings Bank (bought by DBS Bank in 1998 and rebranded as POSBank)
  • Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (1994, as the Television Corporation of Singapore; later renamed MediaCorp in 2001) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
  • Singapore Post – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
  • Singapore Power – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
  • Singapore Telecommunications (1992) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms

Slovakia

South Africa

  • Iscor – Now known as ArcelorMittal South Africa, the company was privatised in 1989.
  • Telkom – Gradually privatised starting with the IPO in 2003. The government currently holds 39%, and is planning on selling its entire stake.

Spain

  • Aceralia
  • Argentaria
  • ENDESA (1988–1998)
  • Gas Natural
  • Iberia Airlines (2001)
  • Indra
  • Red Electrica de España
  • Repsol (1989–1997)
  • Retevision
  • SEAT (1986)
  • Tabacalera

Sweden

1980s

  • ASEA-ATOM (1981) -
  • Luxor AB (1984)
  • SSAB (1986–1994)
  • UV Shipping (1988)

1990s

  • AssiDomän
  • Celsius
  • Cementa
  • Enator
  • Företagskapital
  • Industrikredit AB
  • Lantbrukskredit AB
  • Nordbanken (partial)
  • OK Petroleum
  • Pharmacia
  • Pharmacia & Upjohn
  • SAKAB
  • SAQ Kontrol
  • SBL Vaccin
  • SEMKO
  • SSAB (wholly privatised in 1994)
  • Stadshypotek AB
  • Svalöf Weibull AB
  • Svensk Fastighetsvärdering
  • Svenska Statens Språkresor AB
  • Swedish Real Estate Valuation Corp
  • VPC AB

2000s

  • Celsius AB
  • Grängesbergs Gruvor
  • Kurortsverksamhet
  • Nordbanken
  • OMX – stock exchange – shares sold to Borse Dubai for 2.1 billion SEK.
  • SAKAB
  • SGAB
  • Svenska Lagerhus
  • Svenska
  • Vin & Sprit – sold to Pernod Ricard for 5.626 billion euro

2010s

  • Nordea (19.5% owned by Swedish government)

Planned privatisations

  • Apoteket (partial, 2009)
  • SBAB
  • SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)
  • Telia Sonera (37.3% owned by the Swedish government)

Tanzania

Turkey

(Listing Scope >US $10 M.)

1980s

  • Ankara Çimento
  • Ansan-Meda
  • Balikesi̇r Çimento
  • Pinarhi̇sar Çimento
  • Söke Çimento

1990s

  • Adiyaman Çimento
  • Anadolubank
  • Aşkale Çimento
  • Bartin Çimento
  • Bozüyük Seramik
  • Çİnkur
  • Çorum Çimento
  • Denİzbank
  • Denİzlİ Çimento
  • Elaziğ Çimento
  • Erganİ Çimento
  • Etİbank
  • Fİlyos
  • Gazİantep Çimento
  • Güneş Sigorta Spor Kulübü
  • Havaş
  • Ipragaz
  • İskenderun Çimento
  • Kars Çimento
  • Konya Krom Man.A.Ş.
  • Kümaş
  • Kurtalan Çimento
  • Ladİk Çimento
  • Lalapaşa Çimento
  • Metaş
  • Petlas
  • Ray Sigorta
  • Şanliurfa Çimento
  • Sİvas Çimento
  • Sümerbank
  • Trabzon Çimento
  • Türk Kablo
  • Tofaş S.K.
  • Van Çimento Sanayii
  • Yarimca Porselen T.A.Ş.

2000s

  • Adapazarı Sugar Fac.
  • Asİl Çelİk
  • Ataköy Hotel
  • Ataköy Marina
  • Ataköy Tourism
  • Başak Insurance
  • Başak Retirement Fund
  • Bet Kütahya Şeker
  • Bursagaz
  • Çayelİ Bakir İşl.A.Ş.
  • Cyprus Turkish Airlines
  • Denİz Naklİyati T.A.Ş.
  • Esgaz
  • Eti Aluminium
  • Etİ Bakir
  • Etİ Elektrometalurji
  • Etİ Gümüş A.Ş.
  • Etİ Krom A.Ş.
  • Güven Sİgorta
  • Dİv-Han
  • Taksan
  • Türk Telekom

Ukraine

  • Kryvorizhstal

United Arab Emirates

  • Damas Jewelry (November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)

United Kingdom

1970s

  • British Petroleum (1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1987)
  • British Sugar (1977, 1982)
  • Cambridge Instrument Company (1979)
  • International Computers Limited (1979)
  • Lunn Poly (1971)
  • Rolls-Royce Motors (1973)
  • Sinclair Radionics (1979)
  • State Management Scheme (1973)
  • Thomas Cook (1972)

1980s

  • Alfred Herbert (1980)
  • Amersham International (1982)
  • Associated British Ports (1983, 1984)
  • British Aerospace (1981, 1985)
  • British Airports Authority (1987)
  • British Airways (1987)
  • British Airways Helicopters (1986)
  • British Gas (1986)
  • British Leyland
  • Alvis (1981)
  • Coventry Climax (1982)
  • Danish Automobile Building (1987)
  • ISTEL (1987)
  • Jaguar (1984)
  • Leyland Bus (1987)
  • Leyland Tractors (1982)
  • Leyland Trucks (1987)
  • Rover Group (1988)
  • Unipart (1987)
  • British Rail Engineering Limited (1989)
  • British Shipbuilders (1985–1989, shipbuilder companies sold individually)
  • British Steel (1988)
  • British Telecom (1984, 1991, 1993)
  • British Transport Hotels (1983)
  • Britoil (1982, 1985)
  • Cable & Wireless (1981, 1983, 1985)
  • Council houses (1980–present, over two million sold to their tenants) – see main article Right to buy scheme
  • Crown post offices (1989–2025, branches sold individually as franchises)
  • Enterprise Oil (1984)
  • Fairey (1980)
  • Ferranti (1982)
  • Harland & Wolff (1989)
  • Inmos (1984)
  • Johnson Matthey Bankers (1986)
  • Municipal bus companies (1988–present, bus companies sold individually) – see main article Bus deregulation in Great Britain
  • National Bus Company (1986–1988, bus companies sold individually)
  • National Express (1988)
  • National Freight Corporation (1982)
  • Passenger transport executive bus companies (1988–1994, bus companies sold individually)
  • Rolls-Royce (1987)
  • Royal Ordnance (1987)
  • Sealink (1984)
  • Short Brothers (1989)
  • Travellers Fare (1988)
  • Trustee Savings Bank (1985)
  • Vale of Rheidol Railway (1989)
  • Water companies – see main article Water privatisation in England and Wales
  • Anglian Water (1989)
  • North West Water (1989)
  • Northumbrian Water (1989)
  • Severn Trent (1989)
  • South West Water (1989)
  • Southern Water (1989)
  • Thames Water (1989)
  • Welsh Water (1989)
  • Wessex Water (1989)
  • Yorkshire Water (1989)

1990s

  • AEA Technology (1996)
  • Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (1997)
  • Belfast International Airport (1994)
  • Birmingham Airport (1993 – 51%)
  • Bournemouth Airport (1995)
  • Bristol Airport (1997, 2001)
  • British Coal (1994)
  • British Energy (1996, 2007, 2009)
  • British Rail – see main article Privatisation of British Rail
  • 3 rolling stock companies:
  • Angel Trains (1996)
  • Eversholt Leasing (1996)
  • Porterbrook (1996)
  • 6 design office units (1995–1997, sold individually)
  • 6 freight operating companies
  • Freightliner (1995)
  • Loadhaul (1996)
  • Mainline Freight (1996)
  • Rail Express Systems (1996)
  • Railfreight Distribution (1997)
  • Transrail Freight (1996)
  • 6 track renewal units (1995–1997, sold individually)
  • 7 infrastructure maintenance units (1995–1997, sold individually)
  • 25 train operating companies (1996, operations contracted out as franchises)
  • British Rail Research (1996)
  • British Rail Telecommunications (1995)
  • European Passenger Services (1996)
  • Railtrack (1996) (18 October 2002 went into voluntary liquidation), now in public ownership as Network Rail
  • Red Star Parcels (1995)
  • Union Railways (1996)
  • British Technology Group (1992)
  • Building Research Establishment (1997)
  • Cardiff Airport (1995)
  • Central Electricity Generating Board
  • National Grid (1990)
  • National Power (1991, 1995)
  • Powergen (1991, 1995)
  • Chessington Computer Centre (1996)
  • Civil Aviation Authority (1996, Flight Calibration Services business)
  • Crown Agents (1997)
  • Dairy Crest (1996)
  • East Midlands Airport (1993)
  • Export Credits Guarantee Department (1991, short term credit business)
  • Girobank (1990)
  • Humberside Airport (1999 – 82%)
  • Kingston Communications (1999, 2007)
  • Laboratory of the Government Chemist (1996)
  • Liverpool Airport (1990, 2001)
  • London Buses (1994, bus companies sold individually) – see main article Privatisation of London bus services
  • London Luton Airport (1997)
  • London Southend Airport (1993)
  • Mersey Docks and Harbour Company (1998)
  • Military houses (1996)
  • National Engineering Laboratory (1995)
  • National Savings Bank (1999, back office functions contracted out)
  • National Transcommunications Limited (1990)
  • Natural Resources Institute (1996)
  • Northern Ireland Electricity (1993)
  • Ballylumford power station (1992)
  • Belfast West power station (1992)
  • Coolkeeragh power station (1992)
  • Kilroot power station (1992)
  • Property Services Agency (1994)
  • Regional electricity companies
  • East Midlands Electricity (1990)
  • Eastern Electricity (1990)
  • London Electricity (1990)
  • MANWEB (1990)
  • Midlands Electricity (1990)
  • Northern Electric (1990)
  • NORWEB (1990)
  • SEEBOARD (1990)
  • Southern Electric (1990)
  • SWALEC (1990)
  • SWEB Energy (1990)
  • Yorkshire Electricity (1990)
  • Royal Dockyards
  • Devonport Dockyard (1993)
  • Portsmouth Dockyard (1998)
  • Rosyth Dockyard (1997)
  • Scottish Bus Group (1991, bus companies sold individually)
  • Scottish Hydro-Electric (1991)
  • Scottish Power (1991)
  • Severn Bridge (1992)
  • The Stationery Office (1996)
  • Student Loans (1998, 1999, 2013, mortgage–style loans)
  • Transport Research Laboratory (1996)
  • Trust Ports
  • Clyde (1992)
  • Dundee (1995)
  • Forth (1992)
  • Ipswich (1997)
  • Medway (1992)
  • Tees and Hartlepool (1992)
  • Tilbury (1992)

2000s

  • Actis (2004, 2012)
  • BBC Books (2006 – 85%)
  • BBC Broadcast (2005)
  • BBC Costumes and Wigs (2008)
  • BBC Outside Broadcasts (2008)
  • BBC Technology (2004)
  • British Nuclear Fuels Limited
  • AWE Management Limited (2008)
  • BNG America (2007)
  • BNG Project Services (2008)
  • Reactor Sites Management Company (2007)
  • Westinghouse Electric Company (2006)
  • East Thames Buses (2009)
  • Leeds Bradford Airport (2007)
  • London Underground (2003, sale of concession to maintain infrastructure for 30 years)
  • National Air Traffic Services (2001 – 51%)
  • Newcastle Airport (2001 – 49%)
  • Partnerships UK (2000, 2011)
  • Qinetiq (2002, 2006, 2008)
  • South Eastern Trains (2006)
  • Teesside International Airport (2003 – 75%)
  • UKAEA Limited (2009)

2010s

  • BBC Audiobooks (2010, 2014)
  • BBC Magazines (2011)
  • Behavioural Insights Team (2014, 2021)
  • Bio Products Laboratory (2013, 2016)
  • British Waterways (2012)
  • Constructionline (2015)
  • Defence Support Group (2015)
  • Dr Foster Intelligence (2015)
  • East Coast Trains (2015)
  • Eurostar International Limited (2015 – 40%)
  • Fire Service College (2013)
  • Food and Environment Research Agency (2015 – 75%)
  • Government Pipelines and Storage System (2015)
  • High Speed 1 (2010; sale of concession to operate for 30 years)
  • Lloyds Banking Group (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
  • Manchester Airports Group (2013 – 35%)
  • Marchwood Military Port (2016; sale of concession to operate for 35 years)
  • NEC Group (2015)
  • Network Rail (2019, commercial property business)
  • Northern Rock (2012)
  • Northern Rock (Asset Management) (2016)
  • Remploy (2012, 2013, 2015, factory businesses sold individually)
  • Royal Bank of Scotland Group (2015, 2018)
  • Royal Mail (2013, 2015)
  • Student Loans (2017, 2018, income–contingent loans)
  • The Tote (2011)
  • UK Green Investment Bank (2017)
  • Working Links (2016)

2020s

  • Bradford & Bingley (2021)
  • NatWest Group (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
  • NRAM Limited (2021)
  • Wave Hub (2021)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Privatisations by share offer, 1981–91 From Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11 (Bantam, 1992).

|-

| Date|| Company || % of equity initially sold || Proceeds £m

|-

| Feb 1981 || British Aerospace || 51.6 || 150

|-

| Oct 1981 || Cable & Wireless || 50 || 224

|-

| Feb 1982 || Amersham International || 100 || 71

|-

| Nov 1982 || Britoil || 51 || 549

|-

| Feb 1983 || Associated British Ports || 51.5 || 22

|-

| June 1984 || Enterprise Oil || 100 || 392

|-

| July 1984 || Jaguar || 99 || 294

|-

| Nov 1984 || British Telecom || 50.2 || 3,916

|-

| Dec 1986 || British Gas || 97 || 5,434

|-

| Feb 1987 || British Airways || 100 || 900

|-

| May 1987 || Rolls-Royce || 100 || 1,363

|-

| July 1987 || British Airports Authority || 100 || 1,281

|-

| Dec 1988 || British Steel || 100 || 2,500

|-

| Dec 1989 || Regional Water Companies || 100 || 5,110

|-

| Dec 1990 || Electricity Distribution Companies || 100 || 5,092

|-

| Mar 1991 || National Power and PowerGen || 60 || 2,230

|-

| May 1991 || Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro Electric || 100 || 2,880

|}

United States

  • Conrail
  • Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
  • Railway Express Agency
  • Student Loan Marketing Association (SLM Corporation) (Sallie Mae)

See also

  • Nationalization
  • List of nationalizations by country
  • Privatization

References

Further reading

  • Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000 – Appendix to Juliet D'Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s", Journal of Finance August 1999
  • Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A – Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization