The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic () is the head of the Government of Portugal. The officeholder coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports their actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic, in addition to keeping the president of the Republic informed.
There is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by the president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named prime minister.
The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in the palace during their full mandate.
History
The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace (Portuguese Mordomo-Mor), on the Chancellor (Chanceler-Mor), on the king's private secretary (Escrivão da Puridade) and on the secretary of state (Secretário de Estado).
In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino) occupying a prominent position over the others.
Since the Liberal Revolution of 1820, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (Ministro Assistante ao Despacho), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente do Conselho de Ministros) was created. The presidents of the council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress.
With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (Presidente do Ministério). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.
With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.
With the Carnation Revolution came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council.
Prime ministers
The official counting of prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. The first column shows the name (and title during the monarchy) of each office holder, with the second and third colum showing the start and end of term. A forth column counts the duration of each term. The next column shows each election won by each Prime Minister, followed by the color and political affiliation of the holder. Then, there's a column listing each constitutional governments headed by each Prime Minister, and finally, a last column showing the head of state during the term of each office holder, between 1834 and 1910, a Monarch, and since 1910, a President.
The colors indicate the political affiliation:
/independent<br />
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Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="70px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" scope="col"width="160px" | Prime minister<br/>
! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="50px" | Election
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" width="150px" | Party
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | Government
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | Monarch
|-
!width="80px"| Start
!width="80px"|End
!width="80px"|Duration
|-
|70px
|<br/>Pedro de Sousa Holstein<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1834
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|
| 1834
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Chartist/"Chamorro"
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap |1st Dev.
|bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan="28"| Maria II<br />50px<br /><br />and Fernando II<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|<br/>Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| "Chamorro"
|-
|70px
|<br/>João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 2nd Dev.
|-
|70px
|José Jorge Loureiro<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1835
|class=nowrap | <br />1836
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 3rd Dev.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>António José Severim de Noronha<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1836
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1836
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| "Chamorro"
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 4th Dev.
|-
|1836
|-
|70px
|<br/>José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1836
|class=nowrap | <br />1836
|
| —
| style="background:orange; color:white;" |
|Septemberist
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 1st Set.
|-
|
|<br/>José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro<br /><br />(did not take office)
|class=nowrap | <br />1836
|class=nowrap | <br />1836
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1836
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1837
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:orange; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Septemberist
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 2nd Set.
|-
|1836
|-
|70px
|António Dias de Oliveira<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1837
|class=nowrap | <br />1837
|
| —
| style="background:orange; color:white;" |
| Septemberist
|class=nowrap | 3rd Set.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1837
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1839
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:orange; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Septemberist
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 2nd Set.
|-
|1838
|-
|70px
|<br/>Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1839
|class=nowrap | <br />1839
|
| —
| style="background:orange; color:white;" |
| Septemberist
|class=nowrap | 5th Set.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>José Travassos Valdez<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1839
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1841
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:orange; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Septemberist
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 6th Set.
|-
|1840
|-
|70px
|Joaquim António de Aguiar<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1841
|class=nowrap | <br />1842
|
| —
| style="background:orange; color:white;" |
| Septemberist
|class=nowrap | 7th Set.
|-
|70px
|<br/>Pedro de Sousa Holstein<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1842
|class=nowrap | <br />1842
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap | G.E.
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|<br/>António José Severim de Noronha<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | <br />1842
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | <br />1846
|rowspan="3"|
| —
|rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="3"| Chartist
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 1st R. Cart.
|-
|1842
|-
|1845
|-
|70px
|<br/>Pedro de Sousa Holstein<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1846
|class=nowrap | <br />1846
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
|Chartist
| class=nowrap | 2nd R. Cart.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap rowspan="2" | <br />1846
|class=nowrap rowspan="2" | <br />1849
|rowspan="2 |
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2 |Chartist
|rowspan="2 class=nowrap | 3rd R. Cart.
|-
|1847
|-
|70px
|<br/>António Bernardo da Costa Cabral<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1849
|class=nowrap| <br />1851
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
|Chartist
| class=nowrap | 4th R. Cart.
|-
|70px
|<br/>António José Severim de Noronha<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1851
|class=nowrap| <br />1851
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
|Regenerator
| class=nowrap | 5th R. Cart.
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|<br/>João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"| <br />1851
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"| <br />1856
| rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3"|Regenerator
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 1st Reg.
|-
| 1851
|-
| 1852
|bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan="9"| Pedro V<br />50px<br />
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|<br/>Nuno José de Moura Barreto <br />
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"| <br />1856
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"| <br />1859
| rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3"|Historic
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 2nd Reg.
|-
| 1856
|-
| 1858
|-
|rowspan="2" |70px
|rowspan="2" |<br/>António José Severim de Noronha<br /><br />(4th time)
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"| <br />1859
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"| <br />1860
| rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2"|Regenerator
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 3rd Reg.
|-
| 1860
|-
|70px
|Joaquim António de Aguiar<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap|<br />1860
|class=nowrap|<br />1860
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Regenerator
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|<br/>Nuno José de Moura Barreto <br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"|<br />1860
|class=nowrap rowspan="3"| <br />1865
| rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3"|Historic
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 4th Reg.
|-
| 1861
|-
| 1864
|bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan="26"|Luis I<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|<br/>Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1865
|class=nowrap| <br />1865
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Reformist
| class=nowrap | 5th Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Joaquim António de Aguiar<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"| <br />1865
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"| <br />1868
| rowspan="2"|
| 1865
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2"| Regenerator<br />
| class=nowrap rowspan="2"| 6th Reg.
|-
|1867
|-
|70px
|<br/>António José de Ávila<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1868
|class=nowrap| <br />1868
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent<br />
| class=nowrap | 7th Reg.
|-
|70px
|<br/>Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo<br /><br />(4th time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1868
|class=nowrap| <br />1869
|
| 1868
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Reformist
| class=nowrap | 8th Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>Nuno José de Moura Barreto <br /><br />(3rd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap|<br />1869
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap|<br />1870
|rowspan="2"|
| 1869
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2"|Historic<br />
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 9th Reg.
|-
|1870
|-
|70px
|<br/>João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun<br /><br />(4th time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1870
|class=nowrap| <br />1870
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Regenerator
| class=nowrap | 10th Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo<br /><br />(5th time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1870
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1870
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Reformist
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 11th Reg.
|-
|1870
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|<br/>António José de Ávila<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1870
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1871
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Reformist
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 12th Reg.
|-
|1871
|-
|rowspan="2"|86x86px
|rowspan="2"|Fontes Pereira de Melo<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1871
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1877
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Regenerator
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 13th Reg.
|-
|1874
|-
|70px
|<br/>António José de Ávila<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1877
|class=nowrap| <br />1878
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Reformist
| class=nowrap | 14th Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|86x86px
|rowspan="2"|Fontes Pereira de Melo<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1878
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1879
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Regenerator
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 15th Reg.
|-
|1878
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Anselmo José Braamcamp<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1879
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1881
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Progressist
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 16th Reg.
|-
|1879
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|António Rodrigues Sampaio<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1881
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1881
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Regenerator
| rowspan="4" class=nowrap | 17th Reg.
|-
| 1881
|-
|rowspan="2"|86x86px
|rowspan="2"|Fontes Pereira de Melo<br /><br />(3rd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1881
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1886
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Regenerator
|-
| 1884
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|José Luciano de Castro<br />
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1886
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1890
|rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3" | Progressist
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 18th Reg.
|-
|1887
|-
|1889
|bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan="22"|Carlos I<br />50px<br />
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|António de Serpa Pimentel<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1890
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1890
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Regenerator
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 19th Reg.
|-
| 1890
|-
|93x93px
|João Crisóstomo<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1890
|class=nowrap| <br />1892
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 20th Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|José Dias Ferreira<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1892
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1893
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Independent
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 21st Reg.
|-
| 1892
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro<br />
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1893
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1897
|rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3" | Regenerator
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 22nd Reg.
|-
| 1894
|-
| 1895
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"| José Luciano de Castro<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1897
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1900
|rowspan="3"|
| —
| rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="3" | Progressist
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 23rd Reg.
|-
| 1897
|-
| 1899
|-
|rowspan="4"|70px
|rowspan="4"|Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="4" class=nowrap| <br />1900
|rowspan="4" class=nowrap| <br />1904
|rowspan="4"|
| —
| rowspan="4" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="4" | Regenerator
| rowspan="4" class=nowrap | 24th Reg.
|-
| 1900
|-
| 1901
|-
| 1904
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|José Luciano de Castro<br /><br />(3rd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap|<br />1904
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap|<br />1906
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" | Progressist
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 25th Reg.
|-
| 1905
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro<br /><br />(3rd time)
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1906
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1906
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" |Regenerator
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 26th Reg.
|-
| 1906
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|João Franco<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1906
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1908
|rowspan="2"|
| —
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
| rowspan="2" |Liberal Regenerator
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 27th Reg.
|-
| 1906
|-
|rowspan="2"|90x90px
|rowspan="2"|Francisco Ferreira do Amaral<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1908
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1908
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Independent
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 28th Reg.
|bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan="8"| Manuel II<br />50px<br />
|-
| 1908
|-
|70px
|Artur de Campos Henriques<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1908
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 29th Reg.
|-
|70px
|Sebastião Teles<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 30th Reg.
|-
|91x91px
|Venceslau de Lima<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 31st Reg.
|-
|70px
|Francisco da Veiga Beirão<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />1909
|class=nowrap| <br />1910
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Regenerator
| class=nowrap | 32nd Reg.
|-
|rowspan="2"|89x89px
|rowspan="2"|António Teixeira de Sousa<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1910
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1910
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Regenerator
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 33rd Reg.
|-
|1910
|}
First Republic (1910–1926)
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="70px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" scope="col"width="160px" | Prime minister<br/>
! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="50px" | Election
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" width="100px" | Party
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | Government
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | President
|-
!width="80px"| Start
!width="80px"|End
!width="80px"|Duration
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Teófilo Braga<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1910
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1911
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Republican
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap |1st
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#D0F0C0 class=nowrap | Teófilo Braga<br />50px<br />
|-
|C. 1911
|-
|70px
|João Chagas<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1911
|class=nowrap | <br />1911
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Republican
| class=nowrap | 2nd
|rowspan="13" style="background: linear-gradient(#D0F0C0 46%, #ffc0cb 54%); color:black;"| Manuel de Arriaga<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|Augusto de Vasconcelos<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1911
|class=nowrap | <br />1912
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Republican
| class=nowrap | 3rd
|-
|-
|70px
|Duarte Leite<br />
|class=nowrap |<br />1912
|class=nowrap |<br />1912
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Republican
| rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 4th
|- style="background:#E6E6AA
|70px
|Augusto de Vasconcelos<br/><br />(interim)
|class=nowrap |<br />1912
|class=nowrap |<br />1912
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| style="background:#E6E6AA|Republican
|-
|70px
|Duarte Leite <br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1912
|class=nowrap | <br />1913
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Republican
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Afonso Costa<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1913
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1914
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Democratic
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 5th
|-
|1913
|-
|rowspan="2" |70px
|rowspan="2" |Bernardino Machado<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1914
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1914
|rowspan="2" |
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2" | Democratic
| class=nowrap | 6th
|-
| —
| class=nowrap | 7th
|-
|70px
|Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1914
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Democratic
| class=nowrap | 8th
|-
|70px
|Joaquim Pimenta de Castro<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap |9th
|-
|colspan="2"| Constitutional Junta<br />composed of:<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | —
|-
|70px
|João Chagas<br /><br />(did not take office)
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 10th
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|José de Castro<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1915
|rowspan="2"class=nowrap | <br />1915
|rowspan="2" |
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2" |Democratic
|bgcolor=pink rowspan="2"| Teófilo Braga<br />50px<br />
|-
|1915
| class=nowrap | 11th
|-
|70px
|Afonso Costa<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1915
|class=nowrap | <br />1916
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
| class=nowrap | 12th
|bgcolor=pink rowspan="6"| Bernardino Machado<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|António José de Almeida<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1916
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Sacred Union<br />
| class=nowrap | 13th
|-
|70px
|Afonso Costa<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
| rowspan="4" class=nowrap | 14th
|- style="background:#E6E6AA
|70px
|José Norton de Matos<br /><br />(interim)
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|style="background:#E6E6AA|Democratic
|-
|70px
|Afonso Costa<br /><br />(4th time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|class=nowrap | <br />1917
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|- style="background:#E6E6AA
|70px
|José Norton de Matos<br /><br />(interim)
| class=nowrap |<br />1917
| class=nowrap | <br />1917
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|style="background:#E6E6AA|Democratic
|-
|rowspan=2"|70px
|rowspan=2"|Sidónio Pais<br />
|rowspan=2" class=nowrap | <br />1917
|rowspan=2" class=nowrap | <br />1918
|rowspan=2"|
| —
|rowspan=2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan=2"|National Republican
|class=nowrap |15th
|bgcolor=#d6d1b6 rowspan="2"|Sidónio Pais<br />50px<br />
|-
|1918
|rowspan=2" class=nowrap |16th
|-
|70px
|João do Canto e Castro<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1918
|class=nowrap | <br />1918
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|National Republican
|bgcolor=#d6d1b6 rowspan="7"| João do Canto e Castro<br />50px<br />
|-
|rowspan=2"| 94x94px
|rowspan=2" |João Tamagnini Barbosa<br />
|rowspan=2" class=nowrap | <br />1918
|rowspan=2" class=nowrap | <br />1919
|rowspan=2" |
| —
|rowspan=2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan=2" |National Republican
|class=nowrap | 17th
|-
| —
|class=nowrap | 18th
|-
|70px
|Henrique de Paiva Couceiro<br /><br />(disputed)
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | —
|-
|70px
|José Relvas<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 19th
|-
|70px
|Domingos Leite Pereira<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|class=nowrap | <br />1919
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap |20th
|-
|rowspan="2"|70px
|rowspan="2"|Alfredo de Sá Cardoso<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1919
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1920
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"|Democratic
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 21st
|-
| 1919
|bgcolor=#CADABA rowspan="18"| António José de Almeida<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|Francisco José Fernandes Costa<br /><br />(did not take office)
|colspan=2 class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Republican Liberal
|class=nowrap | 22nd
|-
|70px
|Alfredo de Sá Cardoso<br /><br />(reconducted)
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 21st
|-
|70px
|Domingos Leite Pereira<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap |23rd
|-
|70px
|António Maria Baptista<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | 24th
|-
|70px
|José Ramos Preto<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|-
|70px
|António Maria da Silva<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 25th
|-
|70px
|António Granjo<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Republican Liberal<br />
|class=nowrap | 26th
|-
|88x88px
|Álvaro de Castro<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Reconstitution
|class=nowrap | 27th
|-
|70px
|Liberato Pinto<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1920
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic<br />
|class=nowrap | 28th
|-
|70px
|Bernardino Machado<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic<br />
|class=nowrap |29th
|-
|70px
|Tomé de Barros Queirós<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Republican Liberal
|class=nowrap | 30th
|-
|70px
|António Granjo<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| 1921
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Republican Liberal
|class=nowrap | 31st
|-
|88x88px
|Manuel Maria Coelho<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 32nd
|-
|70px
|Carlos Maia Pinto<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 33rd
|-
|70px
|Francisco Cunha Leal<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1921
|class=nowrap | <br />1922
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 34th
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|António Maria da Silva<br /><br />(2nd time)
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | <br />1922
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | <br />1923
|rowspan="3"|
| 1922
|rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="3" |Democratic
|class=nowrap |35th
|-
| —
|class=nowrap |36th
|-
| —
|class=nowrap |37th
|bgcolor=pink rowspan="8"| Manuel Teixeira Gomes<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|António Ginestal Machado<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1923
|class=nowrap | <br />1923
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Nationalist Republican
| class=nowrap | 38th
|-
|88x88px
|Álvaro de Castro<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1923
|class=nowrap | <br />1924
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Nationalist Republican<br />
| class=nowrap |39th
|-
|70px
|Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar<br />
|class=nowrap |<br />1924
|class=nowrap |<br />1924
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 40th
|-
|88x88px
|José Domingues dos Santos<br />
|class=nowrap |<br />1924
|class=nowrap |<br />1925
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic Leftwing Republican
|class=nowrap |41st
|-
|70px
|Vitorino Guimarães<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 42nd
|-
|70px
|António Maria da Silva<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 43rd
|-
|70px
|Domingos Leite Pereira<br /><br />(3rd time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 44th
|-
|70px
|António Maria da Silva<br /><br />(4th time)
|class=nowrap | <br />1925
|class=nowrap | <br />1926
|
| 1925
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|Democratic
|class=nowrap | 45th
|bgcolor=pink | Bernardino Machado<br />50px<br />
|}
Second Republic – Dictatorship (1926–1974)
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="70px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" scope="col"width="160px" | Prime minister<br/>
! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="50px" | Election
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" width="100px" | Party
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | Government
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | President
|-
!width="80px"| Start
!width="80px"|End
!width="80px"|Duration
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="10" | Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932)
|-
|96x96px
|José Mendes Cabeçadas<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1926
| class=nowrap | <br />1926
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 1st Dict.
| |José Mendes Cabeçadas<br />50px<br />
|-
|98x98px
|Manuel Gomes da Costa<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1926
| class=nowrap | <br />1926
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap |2nd Dict.
| |Manuel Gomes da Costa<br />50px<br />
|-
|70px
|António Óscar Carmona<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1926
| class=nowrap | <br />1928
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 3rd Dict.
|bgcolor=#AADDFF rowspan="12"| António Óscar Carmona<br />50px<br />
|-
|rowspan="2"| 70px
|rowspan="2"|José Vicente de Freitas<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1928
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1929
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Independent
| class=nowrap | 4th Dict.
|-
| —
|class=nowrap |5th Dict.
|-
|70px
|Artur Ivens Ferraz<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1929
| class=nowrap | <br />1930
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | 6th Dict.
|-
|70px
|Domingos Oliveira<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1930
| class=nowrap | <br />1932
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| National Union
| class=nowrap | 7th Dict.
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="9" | Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974)
|-
|rowspan="11"|70px
|rowspan="11"|António de Oliveira Salazar<br />
|rowspan="11" class=nowrap| <br />1932
|rowspan="11" class=nowrap| <br />1968
|rowspan="11"|
| —
|rowspan="11" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="11" | National Union
|class=nowrap |8th Dict.
|-
|rowspan="2"|1934
|class=nowrap |9th Dict.
|-
|rowspan="9" class=nowrap |10th Dict.
|-
|1938
|-
|1942
|-
|1945
|-
|1949
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#AADDFF| Francisco Craveiro Lopes<br />50px<br />
|-
|1953
|-
|1957
|bgcolor=#AADDFF rowspan="6"| Américo Tomás<br />50px<br />
|-
|1961
|-
|1965
|-
|rowspan="3"|70px
|rowspan="3"|Marcello Caetano<br />
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1968
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1974
|rowspan="3"|
| —
|rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="3" | National Union<br /><br />People's National Action
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | 11th Dict.
|-
|1969
|-
|1973
|}
Third Republic (1974–present)
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="70px" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" scope="col"width="160px" | Prime minister<br/>
! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="50px" | Election
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" width="100px" | Party
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | Government
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="84px" | President
|-
!width="80px"| Start
!width="80px"|End
!width="80px"|Duration
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="10" | Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976)
|-
|colspan="2"| National Salvation Junta<br />composed of:
| class=nowrap | <br />1974
| class=nowrap | <br />1974
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
| class=nowrap | —
| rowspan="3"| António de Spínola<br />50px<br />
|-
|align=center|
|Adelino da Palma Carlos<br />
| class=nowrap | <br />1974
| class=nowrap | <br />1974
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap | Prov. I
|-
|-
|rowspan="4" align=center|
|rowspan="4"| Vasco Gonçalves<br />
|rowspan="4" class=nowrap | <br />1974
|rowspan="4" class=nowrap | <br />1975
|rowspan="4" |
| —
|rowspan="4" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="4" | Independent
|class=nowrap |Prov. II
|-
| —
|class=nowrap |Prov. III
| rowspan="5"| Francisco da Costa Gomes<br />50px<br />
|-
| C. 1975
|class=nowrap |Prov. IV
|-
| —
|class=nowrap | Prov. V
|-
|
|José Pinheiro de Azevedo<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1975
|class=nowrap |<br />1976
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"| Prov. VI
|-
|- style="background:#E6E6AA
|
| Vasco de Almeida e Costa<br /><br />interim
|class=nowrap | <br />1976
|class=nowrap | <br />1976
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
|style="background:#E6E6AA| Independent
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! colspan="10" | Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–present)
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| Mário Soares <br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1976
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap | <br />1978
|rowspan="2" |
| 1976
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Socialist
|class=nowrap | I
| style="background:linear-gradient(#EEEEEE 90%, #D0F0C0 10%); color:black;" rowspan="12"| António Ramalho Eanes<br />50px<br />
|-
| —
|class=nowrap | II
|-
|
|Alfredo Nobre da Costa<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1978
|class=nowrap | <br />1978
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap | III
|-
|
|Carlos Mota Pinto<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1978
|class=nowrap | <br />1979
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap |IV
|-
|
|Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo<br />
|class=nowrap | <br />1979
|class=nowrap | <br />1980
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Independent
|class=nowrap |V
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| Francisco de Sá Carneiro<br />
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"|<br />1980
|class=nowrap rowspan="2"|<br />1980
|rowspan="2" |
| 1979
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Social Democratic
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap | VI
|-
|1980
|- style="background:#E6E6AA
|
|Diogo Freitas do Amaral<br /><br />interim
|class=nowrap| <br />1980
|class=nowrap| <br />1981
|
| —
|style="background:; color:white;" |
|style="background:#E6E6AA| Democratic and Social Centre
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| Francisco Pinto Balsemão<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1981
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1983
|rowspan="2"|
| —
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2" | Social Democratic
|class=nowrap| VII
|-
| —
|class=nowrap|VIII
|-
|
|Mário Soares<br /><br />(2nd time)
|class=nowrap| <br />1983
|class=nowrap| <br />1985
|
| 1983
|style="background:; color:white;" |
| Socialist
|class=nowrap| IX
|-
|rowspan="3"|
|rowspan="3"| Aníbal Cavaco Silva<br />
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1985
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />1995
|rowspan="3"|
| 1985
|rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="3" | Social Democratic
|class=nowrap| X
|-
|1987
|class=nowrap| XI
| rowspan="3"| Mário Soares<br />50px<br />
|-
|1991
|class=nowrap| XII
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| António Guterres<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />1995
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2002
|rowspan="2"|
|1995
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Socialist
|class=nowrap| XIII
|-
|1999
|class=nowrap| XIV
| rowspan="4"| Jorge Sampaio<br />50px<br />
|-
|
|José Manuel Durão Barroso<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />2002
|class=nowrap| <br />2004
|
| 2002
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Social Democratic
|class=nowrap| XV
|-
|
|Pedro Santana Lopes<br />
|class=nowrap| <br />2004
|class=nowrap| <br />2005
|
| —
| style="background:; color:white;" |
| Social Democratic
|class=nowrap| XVI
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| José Sócrates<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2005
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2011
|rowspan="2" |
| 2005
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2"| Socialist
|class=nowrap| XVII
|-
|2009
|class=nowrap| XVIII
| rowspan="4"| Aníbal Cavaco Silva<br />50px<br />
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| Pedro Passos Coelho<br />
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2011
|rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2015
|rowspan="2" |
| 2011
|rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="2" | Social Democratic
|class=nowrap|XIX
|-
|2015
|class=nowrap| XX
|-
|rowspan="3"|
|rowspan="3"| António Costa<br />
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />2015
|rowspan="3" class=nowrap| <br />2024
|rowspan="3" |
| —
|rowspan="3" style="background:; color:white;" |
|rowspan="3" | Socialist
|class=nowrap| XXI
|-
|2019
|class=nowrap|XXII
| rowspan="3"| Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa<br />50px<br />
|-
|2022
|class=nowrap| XXIII
|-
| rowspan="2"|
| rowspan="2"| Luís Montenegro<br />
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap| <br />2024
| rowspan="2" class=nowrap| Incumbent
| rowspan="2" |
| 2024
| rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white;"|
| rowspan="2" | Social Democratic
| class=nowrap| XXIV
|-
|2025
| class=nowrap| XXV
| | António José Seguro<br />50px<br />
|}
Timeline
See also
- List of prime ministers of Portugal by time in office
- List of presidents of Portugal
- Politics of Portugal
Notes
: Minority government
References
External links
- WORLD STATESMEN.org (Portugal)
- Prime Ministers since 1910
- Portuguese General Elections since 1820