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The prime minister of Czechoslovakia (, ) was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993.
During periods when the post of the president of Czechoslovakia was vacant, the prime minister took on most presidential duties. However, the Czechoslovak constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.
Prime ministers of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)
;Political parties
;Other factions
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan=2|
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan=2| Name<br />
! rowspan=2| Ethnicity
! colspan=3| Term of office
! colspan=2 rowspan=2| Political party
! rowspan=2| Cabinet
! rowspan=2|
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! colspan="11"| First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
|-
| –
| 100px
| Tomáš Masaryk<br>
| Czech
| 14 October 1918
| 14 November 1918
|
! style="background:"|
| Independent
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 1
| rowspan=2| 100px
| rowspan=2| Karel Kramář<br>
| rowspan=2| Czech
| rowspan=2| 14 November 1918
| rowspan=2| 8 July 1919
| rowspan=2|
! style="background:#000080"|
|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
! style="background:"|
| Czechoslovak National Democracy
|-
| 2
| 100px
| Vlastimil Tusar<br>
| Czech
| 8 July 1919
| 15 September 1920
|
! style="background:"|
| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
| –
|
|-
| 3
| 100px
| Jan Černý<br>
| Czech
| 15 September 1920
| 26 September 1921
|
! style="background:"|
| Independent
|
|
|-
| 4
| 100px
| Edvard Beneš<br>
| Czech
| 26 September 1921
| 7 October 1922
|
! style="background:"|
| Independent
|
|
|-
| 5
| 100px
| Antonín Švehla<br>
| Czech
| 7 October 1922
| 18 March 1926
|
! style="background:"|
| Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants
| –
|
|-
| (3)
| 100px
| Jan Černý<br>
| Czech
| 18 March 1926
| 12 October 1926
|
! style="background:"|
| Independent
|
|
|-
| (5)
| 100px
| Antonín Švehla<br>
| Czech
| 12 October 1926
| 1 February 1929
|
! style="background:"|
| Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants
|
|
|-
| 6
| 100px
| František Udržal<br>
| Czech
| 1 February 1929
| 24 October 1932
|
! style="background:"|
| Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants
| –
|
|-
| 7
| 100px
| Jan Malypetr<br>
| Czech
| 24 October 1932
| 5 November 1935
|
! style="background:"|
| Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants
| ––
|
|-
| 8
| 100px
| Milan Hodža<br>
| Slovak
| 5 November 1935
| 22 September 1938
|
! style="background:"|
| Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants
| ––
|
|-
! colspan="11"| Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
|-
| 9
| 100px
| Jan Syrový<br>
| Czech
| 22 September 1938
| 1 December 1938
|
! style="background:"|
| Independent
| –
|
|-
| 10
| 100px
| Rudolf Beran<br>
| Czech
| 1 December 1938
| 15 March 1939
|
! style="background:"|
| Party of National Unity
|
|
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
|-
| colspan="11" style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Occupation (1939–1945)<br>
|-
! colspan="11"| Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
|-
| 11
| 100px
| Zdeněk Fierlinger<br>
| Czech
| 5 April 1945
| 2 July 1946
|
! style="background:"|
| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
| –
|
|-
| 12
| 100px
| Klement Gottwald<br>
| Czech
| 2 July 1946
| 15 June 1948
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
| –
|
|-
! colspan="11"| Communist Era (1948–1989)<br>
|-
| 13
| 100px
| Antonín Zápotocký<br>
| Czech
| 15 June 1948
| 14 March 1953
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
|
|-
| 14
| 100px
| Viliam Široký<br>
| Slovak
| 14 March 1953
| 20 September 1963
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
| ––
|
|-
| 15
| 100px
| Jozef Lenárt<br>
| Slovak
| 20 September 1963
| 8 April 1968
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
|
|-
| 16
| 100px
| Oldřich Černík<br>
| Czech
| 8 April 1968
| 28 January 1970
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
| ––
|
|-
| 17
| 100px
| Lubomír Štrougal<br>
| Czech
| 28 January 1970
| 12 October 1988
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
| –––––
|
|-
| 18
| 100px
| Ladislav Adamec<br>
| Czech
| 12 October 1988
| 10 December 1989
|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
|
|
|-
! colspan="11"| Post–Communist Era (1989–1992)<br />
|-
| rowspan=2| 19
| rowspan=2| 100px
| rowspan=2| Marián Čalfa<br>
| rowspan=2| Slovak
| rowspan=2| 10 December 1989
| rowspan=2| 2 July 1992
| rowspan=2|
! style="background:"|
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
| rowspan=2| –
| rowspan=2|
|-
! style="background:"|
| Public Against Violence<br />Civic Democratic Union
|-
| 20
| 100px
| Jan Stráský<br>
| Czech
| 2 July 1992
| 31 December 1992
|
! style="background:"|
| Civic Democratic Party
|
|
|}
Timeline
See also
- List of heads of the Czech state
- List of Bohemian monarchs
- Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
- List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
- President of the Czech Republic
- List of presidents of the Czech Republic
- Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
- List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
- President of Slovakia
- Prime Minister of Slovakia
- List of Czech presidential pets