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The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India and the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The president is referred to as the first citizen of India. Although vested with these powers by the Constitution of India, the position is largely a ceremonial one and executive powers are de facto exercised by the prime minister.
The president is elected by the Electoral College composed of elected members of the parliament houses, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha, and also members of the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative assemblies. Apart from these fifteen, three acting presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. V. V. Giri became the acting president in 1969 after Zakir Husain died in office. Giri was elected president a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a president and acting president. Rajendra Prasad, the first president of India, is the only person to have held office for two terms.
Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president. Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice presidents served as acting presidents until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V. V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. Pratibha Patil is the first woman to hold the office, elected in 2007.
On 25 July 2022, Droupadi Murmu took office as the president of India, becoming the second woman and the first tribal person to hold the office.
List of presidents
This list is numbered based on presidents elected after winning an Indian presidential election. The terms of V. V. Giri, Mohammad Hidayatullah and B. D. Jatti, who served as acting president, are therefore not numbered or counted as actual terms in office. The president of India does not represent any political party.
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;Legend
;Key
- Resigned
- Assassinated or died in office
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" width="17%" |Name
! colspan="3" |Term of office
!Election
! scope="col" | Vice president
! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |93x93px|alt=Rajendra Prasad
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Rajendra Prasad
| rowspan="2" | 26 January 1950
| rowspan="2" | 13 May 1962
| rowspan="2" |
|1952
| rowspan="2" | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
| rowspan="2" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
|1957
|-
|97x97px|alt=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
! scope="row" |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
| 13 May 1962
| 13 May 1967
|
|1962
|Zakir Husain
| rowspan="2" |Independent
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
|94x94px
! scope="row" |Zakir Husain<sup></sup>
| 13 May 1967
| 3 May 1969
|
|1967
|V. V. Giri
|-
| style="background:wheat;" |94x94px
! scope="row" style="background:wheat;" |V. V. Giri
| style="background:wheat;" | 3 May 1969
| style="background:wheat;" | 20 July 1969
| style="background:wheat;" |
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;" |
|-
| style="background:wheat;" |94x94px
! scope="row" style="background:wheat;" |Mohammad Hidayatullah
| style="background:wheat;" | 20 July 1969
| style="background:wheat;" | 24 August 1969
| style="background:wheat;" |
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;" |
|-
|94x94px
! scope="row" |V. V. Giri
| 24 August 1969
| 24 August 1974
|
|1969
|Gopal Swarup Pathak
|Independent
|style="background-color: " |
|-
|100x100px
! scope="row" |Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed<sup></sup>
| 24 August 1974
| 11 February 1977
|
|1974
|Gopal Swarup Pathak
----
B. D. Jatti
|Indian National Congress (R)
| style="background-color: " |
|-
| style="background:wheat;" |94x94px
! scope="row" style="background:wheat;" |B. D. Jatti
| style="background:wheat;" | 11 February 1977
| style="background:wheat;" | 25 July 1977
| style="background:wheat;" |
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;" |
|-
|111x111px
! scope="row" |Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
| 25 July 1977
| 25 July 1982
|
|1977
|B. D. Jatti
----
Mohammad Hidayatullah
|Janata Party
| style="background-color: " |
|-
|109x109px
! scope="row" |Zail Singh
| 25 July 1982
| 25 July 1987
|
|1982
|Mohammad Hidayatullah
----
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
| rowspan="4" |Indian National Congress (I)
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: " |
|-
|92x92px
! scope="row" |Ramaswamy Venkataraman
| 25 July 1987
| 25 July 1992
|
|1987
|Shankar Dayal Sharma
|-
|103x103px|alt=Shankar Dayal Sharma
! scope="row" |Shankar Dayal Sharma
| 25 July 1992
| 25 July 1997
|
|1992
|K. R. Narayanan
|-
|94x94px
! scope="row" |K. R. Narayanan
| 25 July 1997
| 25 July 2002
|
|1997
|Krishan Kant
|-
|89x89px|alt=Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
! scope="row" |A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
| 25 July 2002
| 25 July 2007
|
|2002
|Krishan Kant
----
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
|Independent
| style="background-color: " |
|-
|105x105px
! scope="row" |Pratibha Patil
| 25 July 2007
| 25 July 2012
|
|2007
| rowspan="2" |Hamid Ansari
| rowspan="2" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
|105x105px
! scope="row" |Pranab Mukherjee
| 25 July 2012
| 25 July 2017
|
|2012
|-
|90x90px
! scope="row" |Ram Nath Kovind
| 25 July 2017
| 25 July 2022
|
|2017
|Hamid Ansari
----
Venkaiah Naidu
|rowspan="2" |Bharatiya Janata Party
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
|113x113px
!scope="row" |Droupadi Murmu
|25 July 2022
|Incumbent
|
|2022
|Venkaiah Naidu
----
Jagdeep Dhankhar
----
C. P. Radhakrishnan
|}
Statistics
;Timeline
Lifespan of Presidents
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</div>
See also
- President of India
- Vice President of India
- Prime Minister of India
- List of vice presidents of India
- List of prime ministers of India
- List of heads of state and government of Indian origin