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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0.67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.
No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
National political parties
Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Political party
! rowspan="2" | Main ideology
! rowspan="2" | Leader
! colspan="3" | Affiliation
! colspan="3" | Seats
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |
|-
! Eur.
! EP group
! Intl.
! Senators
! House reps.
! MEPs
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Democrats 66<br />
| Social liberalism
| Rob Jetten
| ALDE
| RE
| LI
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party<br />
| Social democracy
| rowspan="2" | Jesse Klaver
| PES
| S&D
| PA
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Party for Freedom<br />
| Right-wing populism
| Geert Wilders
| ID
| PfE
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal<br />
| Christian democracy
| Henri Bontenbal
| EPP
| EPP
| CDI
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | JA21
| Right-wing populism
| Joost Eerdmans
| ECR
| ECR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Forum for Democracy<br />
| Right-wing populism
| Lidewij de Vos
| ESN
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Farmer–Citizen Movement<br/>
| Agrarianism
| Henk Vermeer
|
| EPP
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Christian Union <br />
| Christian democracy
| Mirjam Bikker
| ECPM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Denk
| Minority interests
| Stephan van Baarle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Party for the Animals<br />
| Animal welfare
| Esther Ouwehand
| APEU
| The Left
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Reformed Political Party<br />
| Christian right
| Chris Stoffer
| ECPM
| ECR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party<br />
| Democratic socialism
| Jimmy Dijk
| ELA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | 50Plus
| Pensioners' interests
| Jan Struijs
| EDP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Independent Politics Netherlands<br />
| Regionalism
| Auke van der Goot
| EFA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | New Social Contract<br/>
| Christian democracy
| Vacant
|
| EPP
|
|
|
|
|
|}
Parties without representation in the States General or European Parliament
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Main ideology
! rowspan="2" | Leader
! colspan="2" | Affiliation
! rowspan="2" |
|-
! EU
! Int'l
|-
! ! style="background:#FFFF00;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Bij1
| Anti-capitalism
| Tofik Dibi
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#EF7601;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Code Orange <br />
| Direct democracy
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#000000" |
|style=text-align:center|
| style="text-align:left;" | Dutch People's Union<br/>
| Neo-Nazism
| Constant Kusters
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#E0DC01;" |
|style=text-align:center|
| style="text-align:left;" |
| Pensioners' interests
| Vacant
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#A7282A;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Heart for Freedom<br />
| Antivax
| Vacant
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Belang van Nederland
| Classical liberalism
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#5175B8;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Jezus Leeft
| |Evangelism
| Florens van der Spek
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#6B6BFF;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | LEF – For the New Generation <br />
| Youth politics
| Daniël van Duijn
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#284895;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Liberal Democratic Party <br />
| Social liberalism
| Sammy van Tuyll
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#0071CE;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Libertarian Party <br />
| Right-libertarianism
| Tom van Lamoen
| EPIL
| LI
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | More Direct Democracy<br />
| Direct democracy
| Dorien Rookmaker
| EAFD
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#DD0000" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | New Communist Party of the Netherlands <br />
| Marxism–Leninism
| Rinze Visser
|
| IMCWP
|
|-
! style="background-color:#F2DF24;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Nederland met een Plan
| Participatory democracy
| Kok Kuen Chan
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#000000;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | <br />
| Pacifist socialism
| Vacant
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#005399;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Party for the Republic <br />
| Republicanism
| Bruno Braakhuis
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:#e0042a;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Party for Sports<br />
| Health promotion
| Annemarie van Duivenboden
|
|
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Pirate Party <br />
| Pirate politics
| Mark van Treuren
| PPEU
| PPI
|
|-
! style="background:;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Political Party for Basic Income <br />
| Universal basic income
| Sepp Hannen
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#F58113;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Trots op Nederland
| Conservative liberalism
| Sander van den Raadt
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#e51225;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align: left;" |Revolutionary Socialist Party <br />
| Socialism
| Gwildor Sok
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#4500AB;" height="40px" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | Splinter
| Secularism
| Femke Merel van Kooten
|
|
|
|-
! style="background-color:#019354;" |
|style=text-align:center|50x50px
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens <br />
| Green politics
| Mark van Treuren
|-
! scope="row" | Alliance for National Reconstruction<br /><small></small>
|
| 1933
| 1941
| 0.8
|
|-
! scope="row" | Anti-Revolutionary Party<br /><small></small>
|
| 1879
| 1980
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | League of Christian Socialists<br /><small></small>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | League of Communists in the Netherlands
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | League of Free Liberals<br /><small></small>
|
| 1906
| 1921
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Liberal Party<br /><small></small>
|
| 1922
| 1925
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Liberal State Party<br /><small></small>
|
| 1921
| 1946
| 9.26
|
|-
! scope="row" | Liberal Union
|
| 1885
| 1921
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Livable Netherlands<br /><small></small>
|
| 1999
| 2007
| 1.61
|
|-
! scope="row" | Middenpartij voor Stad en Land
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Middle Class Party
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | National Socialist Dutch Workers Party<br /><small></small>
| National socialism
| 1931
| 1941
| 0.02
|
|-
! scope="row" | National Socialist Movement<br /><small></small>
| Fascism
| 1931
| 1945
| 4.22
|
|-
! scope="row" | Nederlands Blok
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Neutral Party
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | New National Party<br /><small></small>
|
| 1998
| 2005
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | New Right<br /><small></small>
|
| 2003
| 2007
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Nida
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Nieuwe Midden Partij
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Nieuwe Wegen
|
|
|
| 0.14
|
|-
! scope="row" |NLBeter
|Healthcare sector interests
|2019
|2021
|0.08
|
|-
! scope="row" | Pacifist Socialist Party
|
| 1957
| 1991
| 3.03
|
|-
! scope="row" |Party for Human and Spirit / The New Human <br />
|Spiritual left
|2008
|2021
|0.28
|
|-
! scope="row" | Party for Justice, Action and Progress
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity
|
| 2006, 2020
| 2010, 2022
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Party of the Future / The Party Party <br />
|Joke party
|2002
|2021
|0.07
|
|-
! scope="row" | Peasants' League
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Pim Fortuyn List<br /><small></small>
|
| 2002
| 2008
| 17.00
|
|-
! scope="row" | Political Party of Radicals<br /><small></small>
|
| 1968
| 1990
| 4.80
|
|-
! scope="row" | Progressive Integration Party
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Radical League
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Ratelband List
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Reformatory Political Federation
|
| 1975
| 2003
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Reformed Political League<br /><small></small>
|
| 1948
| 2003
| 1.77
|
|-
! scope="row" | Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
|
|
|
| 0.92
|
|-
! scope="row" | Roman Catholic State Party
|
| 1926
| 1945
| 29.64
|
|-
! scope="row" | Social Democratic Workers' Party
|
| 1894
| 1946
| 23.81
|
|-
! scope="row" | Social Democratic League
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Socialist Party
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Together for the Netherlands <br />
|Right-wing populism
|2022
|2023
|0.05
|
|-
! scope="row" |Ubuntu Connected Front
|Ubuntuism
|2017
|2021
|0.02
|
|-
! scope="row" | Union 55+
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Union of Actualists<br /><small></small>
| Actualism
| 1923
| 1928
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | Verbond tot Democratisering der Weermacht
|
|
|
| 0.51
|
|-
! scope="row" | VoorNederland
|
| 2014
| 2017
| 0.36
|
|-
! scope="row" | Workers Party of the Netherlands<br /><small></small>
|
|
|
|
|
|}
See also
- Politics of the Netherlands
- List of ruling political parties by country
- Liberalism in the Netherlands
- Socialism in the Netherlands
- Christian democracy in the Netherlands
- Republicanism in the Netherlands
- Fascism in the Netherlands
- List of political parties in Aruba
- List of political parties in Curaçao
- List of political parties in Saba
- List of political parties in Sint Eustatius
- List of political parties in Sint Maarten
References
External links
- Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen