List of political parties in Russia

This article discusses political parties in Russia.

The Russian Federation has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a dominant-party system. , six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia). , 27 political parties are officially registered in the Russian Federation, 25 of which have the right to participate in elections.

History

thumb|right|200px|Certificate of state registration of political parties in Russia, issued by the [[Ministry of Justice (Russia)|Ministry of Justice of Russia]]

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency (2000–2008), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new parties was blocked. The last registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause (now the Party of Growth) which was registered on 18 February 2009. Before the 2011 parliamentary election, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration.

In 2001, the federal law "On political parties" was adopted. All parties had to be re-registered. Parties have been assigned the status of the only type of public association that has the right to independently nominate candidates for deputies and other elective positions in government bodies. One of the major provisions of the law is the establishment of a single national status of a political party, and, as a result, the liquidation of regional and interregional political public associations.

In December 2004, amendments were introduced requiring a minimum number of party members of 50,000 and the presence of more than 45 regional branches of 500 people each. By January 1, 2006, all parties had to submit documents proving that their party structures complied with the requirements of the law on the minimum number of members and the number of regional branches.

In 2009, a bill was introduced to reduce the minimum number of party members from 50,000 to 45,000, and from 500 to 450 members in regional branches. This law came into effect on January 1, 2010. The minimum number of party members was reduced again on January 1, 2012, to 40,000 and to 400 members per regional branch.

On February 28, 2012, an election law was adopted meaning parties were exempted from collecting signatures and making a cash deposit for nominating a party and its candidate, and gubernatorial elections were restored. The number of required signatures for candidates for the presidential elections was reduced from 2 million to 100,000 for party candidates, and 300,000 for self-nominated candidates. The electoral threshold for parties was also reduced from 7% to 5%.

On March 20, 2012, the State Duma approved a presidential bill to reduce the minimum number of political party members from 40,000 to only 500 people, and from 500 to 5 members for a regional branch.

However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia (now the People's Freedom Party), the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 .

Party of Power

A "party of power" refers to a political party that has a close relationship with the executive branch of government such that the party appears to function as an extension of the executive rather than as an autonomous political organization. The concept resembles that of a cartel party. Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.

In April 2023, a survey on the issue of the dissolution of the United Russia Party was conducted among Russians. About 2,500 people participated in the survey, mostly aged 45+. The question was "Is it necessary to dissolve the United Russia party with the inability of its members to participate in political life in the future?" the answers were distributed as follows: 65% stated: "I am for dissolution without permission to participate in political life in the future", 3% stated "I am against dissolution", 6% stated "I am for dissolution, but with permission to participate in political life in the future", and 26% stated "I am for the dissolution of all bourgeois parties".

Current parties

All parties registered with the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections across the country. A list of registered parties is placed on the Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 7 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2021.

Parties represented in the Federal Assembly

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|- "

! colspan=4 | Party

! Est.

! Leader

! Ideology

! State Duma

! Federation Council

! Regional

! Political position

! Alliances

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | ER

| United Russia

| 2001

| Dmitry Medvedev

| Big tent

| ONF

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | KPRF

| Communist Party of the Russian Federation

| 1993

| Gennady Zyuganov

|Far-left

| UCP–CPSU International: IMCWP

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | SR

| A Just Russia

| 2006

| Sergey Mironov

| Centre to centre-left

| ONF

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | LDPR

| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

| 1992

| Leonid Slutsky

| Right-wing to far-right

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | NL

| New People

| 2020

| Alexey Nechayev

| Centre-right

| SPPS

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | Rodina

| Rodina

| 2012

| Aleksey Zhuravlyov

| Far-right

| ONF

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | GP

| Civic Platform

| 2012

| Rifat Shaykhutdinov

| Centre-right

Parties represented in the regional parliaments

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=4 | Name

! Founded

! Leader

! Ideology

! Regional parliaments

! Position

! Alliances

! style="background-color: " |

| align=center | RPPSJ

| Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice

| 2012

| Erik Prazdnikov

| Centre

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | CPCR

| Communist Party "Communists of Russia"

| 2012

| Maxim Suraykin

| Far-left

| International:

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | Yabloko

| Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"

| 1993

| Nikolay Rybakov

| Centre-left

| International: LI European:

! style="background-color: " |

| align=center | T-NV

| Tatarstan — New Age

|2023

|Rinat Zakirov

|Big Tent

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center |

| Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"

| 2012

| Centre to centre-left

| ONF|EAGP

! style="background-color: " |

| align=center | GA!

| Green Alternative

| 2020

| Ruslan Khvostov

| Centre-left

! style="background: #e62f3a;" |

| 50px

| align=center | PSP

| Political Party of Social Protection

| 2012

| Vladimir Mikhailov

| Social justice

| Centre

! style="background-color: " |

| 50px

| align=center | PDD

| Party of Direct Democracy

| 2020

| Oleg Artamonov

| Centre-right

Parties in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="3" | Name

! Founded

! Leader

! Ideology

! Location

! Representation in regional legislature

| style="background-color: " | |

| Donetsk Republic

| 2005

| Denis Pushilin

|Donetsk People's Republic

|style="background-color: " |

| 50px

|Free Donbas

|2014

|Vladimir Medvedev

|Donetsk People's Republic

|style="background-color: " |

| 50px

|Peace to Luhanshchyna

|2014

|Leonid Pasechnik

|Luhansk People's Republic

|style="background-color: " |

|Luhansk Economic Union

|2014

|Luhansk People's Republic

|style="background-color: " |

| 50px

|New Russia Party

|2014

|Donetsk People's Republic

|style="background-color: #2581C4" |

| 50px

|Volodymyr Saldo Bloc

|2019

|Vladimir Saldo

|Kherson Oblast

List of registered parties

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:100%;"

!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"|№

! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Full name

!rowspan=2|Short name

!rowspan=2|Abbr.

!rowspan=2|Ideology

!rowspan=2|Position

!rowspan=2|Leader(s)

!rowspan=2|Created

!rowspan=2|Registration

!colspan=2|Last federal elections results

!rowspan=2|

!rowspan=2|Note

!Presidential

!Legislative

| 1

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| All-Russian political party "United Russia"

| UR

| Big tent

| Dmitry Medvedev

| 2001

| 2003

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| 49.82% (Party list) 45.86% (SMC) (324 seats)

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 2

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Communist Party of the Russian Federation

| Communist Party

| CPRF

| Far-left

| Gennady Zyuganov

| 1990

| 2002

| 4.37%

| 18.93% (Party list) 16.35% (SMC) (57 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 3

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| LDPR – Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

| Liberal Democratic Party

| LDPR

| Right-wing to far-right

| Leonid Slutsky

| 1992

| 2002

| 3.24

| 7.55% (Party list) 5.89% (SMC) (21 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 4

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"

| colspan=2| Yabloko

| Centre to centre-left

| Nikolay Rybakov

| 1995

| 2003

| DNP

| 1.34% (Party list) 1.99% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 5

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Socialist Political Party "A Just Russia"

| A Just Russia

| SR

| Centre to centre-left

| Sergey Mironov

| 2006

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| 7.46% (Party list) 8.78% (SMC) (27 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 6

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Democratic Party of Russia

| Democratic Party

| DPR

| Centre-right to right-wing

| Alexander Zorin

| 1990

| 2012

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| DNP

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile

| 7

|style="background: #45C0C8;"|

|50px

| Party of Progress

| Party of Progress

| PP

| Andrey Poda

| 2012

| DNP

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile

| 8

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Russian Party of Freedom and Justice

| Party of Freedom and Justice

| RPFJ

| Centre-left

| Ilmi Shagan

| 2012

| DNP

| 0.77% (Party list) 0.68% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile

| 9

|style="background: ;"|

| 50px

| Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"

| colspan=2| REP "The Greens"

| Centre

| Alexandra Kudzagova Sergey Shakhmatov Rufina Shagapova

| 1993

| 2012

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| 0.91% (Party list) 0.98% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 10

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Communist Party Communists of Russia

| Communists of Russia

| CPCR

| Far-left

| Sergey Malinkovich

| 2009

| 2012

| DNP

| 1.27% (Party list) 2.98% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 11

|style="background: #864386;"|

|50px

| All-Russian political party "Party for Fairness!"

| Party for Fairness!

| PARZAS

| Social democracy

| Centre-left

| Vladimir Ponomarenko

| 2012

| DNP

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 12

|style="background: #E11B2A;"|

| 50px

| Political party of Social Protection

| Party of Social Protection

| PSP

| Populism

| Vladimir Mikhailov

| 2012

| DNP

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 13

| style="background: ;"|

| Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice

| Party of Pensioners

| RPPSJ

| Centre

| Erik Prazdnikov

| 1997

| 2012

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| 2.45% (Party list) 3.58% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 14

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Civic Platform

| Civic Platform

| CP

| Right-wing

| Rifat Shaykhutdinov

| 2012

| DNP

| 0.15% (Party list) 0.70% (SMC) (1 seat)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 15

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| All-Russian political party "Rodina"

| colspan=2| Rodina

|Far-right

| Aleksey Zhuravlyov

| 2003

| 2012

| DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin)

| 0.80% (Party list) 1.51% (SMC) (1 seat)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 16

|style="background: #0061AC;"|

| Cossack Party of the Russian Federation

| Cossack Party

| CosPRF

|Right-wing

| Sergey Kolosok

| 2013

| DNP

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 17

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Party of Russia's Rebirth

| Party of Russia's Rebirth

| PRR

| Centre-left

| Igor Ashurbeyli

| 2002

| 2013

| DNP

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 18

|style="background: ;"|

| 50px

| New People

| New People

| NP

|Centre to centre-right

| Alexey Nechayev

| 2020

| 3.90%

| 5.32% (Party list) 4.88% (SMC) (13 seats)

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 19

|style="background: ;"|

| Green Alternative

| Green Alternative

| GA

|Centre-left

| Ruslan Khvostov

| 2020

| DNP

| 0.64% (Party list) 0.22% (SMC) (0 seats)

|<big></big>

|MJ profile CEC profile Website

| 20

|style="background: ;"|

|50px

| Party of Direct Democracy

| Party of Direct Democracy

| PDD

|Centre to centre-right

| Oleg Artamonov

| 2020

| DNP

|<big></big>

| MJ profile CEC profile Website

Historical parties (1991–present)

Far-left

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#D10000;"|

| 60px

| Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists

| CAS

|Andrey Isaev Aleksandr Shubin

| Anarcho-syndicalism Syndicalism

| 1988–1995

! style="background:#FF0403;"|

| Committee for Workers' Democracy and International Socialism

| CWDIS

| Marxism Trotskyism

| 1990–1999 Succeeded by RWP

! style="background:#FF0000;"|

| Party of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

| PDP

| Grigory Isayev

| Communism

| 1990–2020

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

| CP RSFSR

| Valentin Kuptsov

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism

| 1990–1993 Succeeded by CPRF

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Communist Workers Party

| RCWP

| Viktor Anpilov Viktor Tyulkin

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism

| 1991–2001

! style="background:#E70808;"|

|

| RPC

| Communism Marxism

| 1991–2001 Merged into RCWP-RPC

! style="background:#D04856;"|

|

| KTR

| Viktor Tyulkin Viktor Anpilov

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism

| 1995–1999

! style="background:#E32322;"|

| Stalin Bloc – For the USSR

| SB

| Viktor Anpilov

| Communism Stalinism Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism National Communism

| 1997–1999

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Socialist Resistance

| SocSopr

| Collective leadership

| Socialism Trotskyism

| 1998–2011 Successed by SA

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists

| RCWP-RPC

| Viktor Tyulkin

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism

| 2001–2007 (officially deregistered)

! style="background:#D10000;"|

| 60px

| Pyotr Alexeyev Resistance Movement

| DSPA

| Dmitry Zhvania

| Socialism Self-management socialism

| 2004–2012

! style="background:#AC003A;"|

| 60px

|

| VKPB

| Vladimir Tikhonov

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism

| 2004–2009

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Socialist League "Forward"

| SLV

| Collective leadership

| Trotskyism Eco-socialism Socialist feminism

| 2005–2011 Merged into RSM

! style="background:#000000;"|

| 60px

|

| MPST

| Collective leadership

| Anarcho-communism Anarcho-syndicalism

| 2008–2019

! style="background:#BD362F;"|

| 60px

| Russian United Labour Front

|

| Viktor Tyulkin Sergei Udaltsov

| Communism Marxism–Leninism Socialism

| 2010–2020 (officially deregistered)

! style="background:#CC1100;"|

| 60px

| Russian Maoist Party

| RMP

| Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism Proletarian internationalism Marxist feminism

| 2000

Left-wing

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#E53C36;"|

| Civil United Green Alternative

| GROZA

| Oleg Mitvol (2009–2012)

| Green politics Alter-globalism Anti-fascism Social justice

| 1991–2012

! style="background:#BB0140;"|

| 60px

|

| PT

| Oleg Smolin

| Democratic socialism Syndicalism

| 1992–1994

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Agrarian Party of Russia

| APR

| Mikhail Lapshin Vladimir Plotnikov

| Agrarian socialism Collectivist anarchism

| 1993–2008 Merged into United Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:;"|

| Socialist United Party of Russia

| SEPR

| Alexey Podberezkin Ivan Rybkin

| Socialism Socialist patriotism Christian left

| 2002–2007 Merged into A Just Russia

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Patriots of Russia

| PR

| Gennady Semigin

| Democratic socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism

| 2005–2021 Merged into SRZP

Centre-left

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#D6281D;"|

| Social Democratic Party of the Russian Federation

| SDPR

|

| Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism

| 1990–2011

! style="background:;"|

| Civic Union

| CU

| Arkady Volsky

| Social democracy Anti-Yeltsinism Federalism

| 1992–1994

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"

| REP "The Greens"

|

| Green politics Environmentalism

| 1992–2008 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Party of Social Democracy

| RPSD

| Alexander Yakovlev Konstantin Titov

| Social democracy Liberal democracy

| 1994–2002 Merged into SDPR

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Ivan Rybkin Bloc

| Rybkin Bloc

| Ivan Rybkin

| Social democracy Agrarianism

| 1995–1995

! style="background:#C2210F;"|

| Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour

| ST

| Trade unionism Industrialism

| 1995–1996

! style="background:;"|

| Party of Workers' Self-Government

| PST

| Svyatoslav Fyodorov

| Social democracy Social liberalism

| 1995–2006

! style="background:#DC4236"|

| Russian United Social Democratic Party

| RUSDP

| Mikhail Gorbachev

| Social democracy

| 2000–2001 Reorganized to SDPR

! style="background:"|

| 60px

| Party of Russia's Rebirth

| PVR

| Gennady Seleznyov

| Social democracy Democratic socialism Humanism Federalism Civic nationalism

| 2000–2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:;"|

| Social Democratic Party of Russia

| SDPR

| Mikhail Gorbachev Konstantin Titov

| Social democracy Democratic socialism

| 2001–2007 Succeeded by USD

! style="background:;"|

| Party of Social Justice

| PSJ

| Vladimir Kishenin Alexey Podberezkin

| Democratic socialism Progressivism Social conservatism

| 2002–2008 Merged into A Just Russia

! style="background:;"|

| Union of Greens of Russia

| UGR

| Alexey Yablokov

| Green politics Environmentalism Civil rights

| 2004–2006 Merged into Yabloko

! style="background:#DB261B;"|

| Union of Social Democrats

| USD

| Mikhail Gorbachev

| Social democracy

| 2007–2013

! style="background:;"|

| Green Alliance

| GA

| Oleg Mitvol Gleb Fetisov

| Grassroots democracy Green politics Social democracy

| 2012–2019

! style="background:#D82628;"|

| Social Democratic Party of Russia

| SDPR

| Sirazhdin Ramazanov

| Social democracy

| 2012–2019

Centrist

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Democratic Reform Movement

| RDRM

| Gavriil Popov Anatoly Sobchak

| Liberal democracy Pro-CIS Federalism

| 1992–1995

! style="background:;"|

| Dignity and Charity

| DC

| Konstantin Frolov Nikolai Gubenko Vyacheslav Grishin

| Disability rights Federalism

| 1993–1993

! style="background:;"|

| Future of Russia — New Names

| BRNI

| Youth politics Social policies

| 1993–1994

! style="background:;"|

| Women of Russia

| ZhR

| Alevtina Fedulova Yekaterina Lakhova

| Feminism Women's rights

| 1993–1999

! style="background:;"|

| Party of Russian Unity and Accord

| PRES

| Sergey Shakhray

| Reformism

| 1993–1999 Merged into Unity

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Party of Pensioners

| RPP

| Sergei Atroshenko Igor Zotov

| Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics Social conservatism

| 1997–2007 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:;"|

| Fatherland – All Russia

| OVR

| Yury Luzhkov Yevgeny Primakov

| Civic nationalism Social liberalism Regionalism

| 1998–2002 Merged into United Russia

! style="background:;"|

| People's Party of the Russian Federation

| NPRF

| Gennady Raikov Gennady Gudkov

| Centrism Lobbyism

| 1999–2007 Merged into A Just Russia

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Party of Life

| RPL

| Sergey Mironov

| Economic liberalism Third Way Russian nationalism

| 2002–2006 Merged into A Just Russia

! style="background:#CACBFB;"|

| Union of People for Education and Science

| UPES

| Social liberalism

| 2002–2007

! style="background:#00A650;"|

| Civilian Power

| GS

| Mikhail Barshchevsky

| Green politics

| 2002–2008 Merged into Right Cause 2012–2025

! style="background:#030578;"|

| 60px

| Committee 2008: A Free Choice

|

| Garry Kasparov

| Liberalism Liberal democracy

| 2004–2005

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Russian Democratic Party "Our Choice"

| Our Choice

| Irina Khakamada

| Liberalism Social liberalism

| 2004–2006 Merged into RNDS

! style="background:#22B148;"|

| 60px

| Yabloko-United Democrats

| Yabloko-UD

| Social liberalism Liberal conservatism Green politics Pro-Europeanism

| 2005–2005

! style="background:;"|

| Russian People's Democratic Union

| RNDS

| Mikhail Kasyanov

| Liberalism

| 2006–2012 Merged into RPR–PARNAS

! style="background:#0B00F5;"|

| 60px

| The Other Russia

| DR

| Garry Kasparov Eduard Limonov Mikhail Kasyanov

| Big tent Liberal democracy National democracy Social democracy Social liberalism Civic nationalism National bolshevism

| 2006–2010

! style="background:#7FCCFF;"|

| 60px

| Independent Democratic Party of Russia

| IDPR

| Mikhail Gorbachev Alexander Lebedev

| Liberalism Social liberalism

| 2008–2014/16

! style="background:;"|

| People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption"

| PARNAS

| Mikhail Kasyanov Vladimir Milov Boris Nemtsov Vladimir Ryzhkov

| Liberalism Liberal democracy Anti-corruption

| 2010–2012 Succeeded by RPR–PARNAS

! style="background:#020202;"|

| 60px

| People's Party of Russia

| PPR

| Andrei Bogdanov Stanislav Aranovich

| Centrism Populism Anarchism (factions)

| 2012–2019

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Agrarian Party of Russia

| APR

| Olga Bashmachnikova

| Agrarianism Agricultural policy Centrism

| 2012–2019

! style="background:#6991D0;"|

| Party of Pensioners of Russia

| PPR

| Nikolay Chebotarev

| Pensioners' interests

| 2012–2019

|style="background: #007D22;"|

| Party of Good Deeds

| PDD

| Populism Environmentalism

| 2014–2022

Centre-right

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#266DF8;"|

| Democratic Union

| DU

| Valeriya Novodvorskaya

| Liberalism Classical liberalism Reformism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Atlanticism

| 1988–2014

! style="background:#1093EC;"|

| Conservative Party of Russia

| CPR

| Conservatism Liberal conservatism Anti-communism

| 1989–2005

! style="background:#5FC844;"|

| 60px

| Peasant Party of Russia

| KPR

| Liberalism Agrarianism Anti-communism

| 1990–1999

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Christian Democratic Party

| RCDP

| Christian democracy Conservatism

| 1990–2002

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| People's Freedom Party

| PARNAS

| Mikhail Kasyanov

| Republicanism Anti-Putinism Liberalism Conservative liberalism Federalism Atlanticism Anti-communism Pro-Europeanism Nemtsovism

| 1990–2023

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Party of Economic Freedom

| PEF

| Konstantin Borovoy

| Liberalism Neoconservatism Economic liberalism

| 1992–2003 Merged into SPS

! style="background:;"|

| Democratic Choice of Russia

| DVR

| Yegor Gaidar

| Liberalism Conservative liberalism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism

| 1993–2001 Merged into SPS

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Forward, Russia!

| FR

| Boris Fyodorov

| Liberal democracy Liberal conservatism Patriotism Conservatism

| 1995–2002 Merged into RPR

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Our Home – Russia

| NDR

| Viktor Chernomyrdin

| Liberalism Liberal conservatism Fiscal conservatism

| 1995–2006 Merged into United Russia

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats

| DVR-OD

| Yegor Gaidar

| Liberal conservatism Anti-communism

| 1995–1995

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Union of Right Forces

| SPS

| Sergey Kiriyenko Boris Nemtsov Nikita Belykh Leonid Gozman

| Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Neoliberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism

| 1999–2008 Succeeded by Right Cause

! style="background:#354296;"|

| Liberal Russia

| LR

| Sergei Yushenkov Boris Berezovsky

| Liberalism Liberal conservatism

| 2000–2004

! style="background:;"|

| New Course — Automobile Russia

| NCAR

| Boris Fyodorov Leonid Olshansky

| Liberalism Liberal conservatism Drivers' rights Anti-militarism

| 2003–2003

! style="background:#B5A061;"|

| People's Party "For Women of Russia"

| NPZZhR

| Galina Latysheva Galina Khavraeva

| Women's rights Conservatism Neoconservatism Single-issue party

| 2007–2019

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Right Cause

| PD

| Boris Titov Mikhail Prokhorov Leonid Gozman

| Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism in 2012-2016: National democracy National patriotism

| 2008–2016 Succeeded by Party of Growth

! style="background:#FF7F00;" |

| 60px

|Western Choice

| Konstantin Borovoi

| Liberalism Liberal democracy Libertarianism Anti-communism Pro-Europeanism Atlanticism

| 2013–2014

! style="background-color: " |

| 60px

| Civic Initiative

| GRANI

| Andrey Nechayev

| Liberalism Conservative liberalism

| 2013–2025

! style="background-color: " |

| 60px

| Party of Growth

| PR

| Boris Titov

| Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism

| 2016–2024

Right-wing

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#25B351;"|

| Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom

| KDP-PNS

| Mikhail Astafyev Sergei Rogozin

| Russian nationalism National conservatism Constitutionalism Anti-Yeltsinism

| 1991–2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Russian All-People's Union

| ROS

| Sergey Baburin

| National conservatism Russian nationalism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism Social conservatism

| 1991–2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008, Dissolved in 2025

! style="background:#2C299A;"|

| Congress of Russian Communities

| CRC

| Dmitry Rogozin Alexander Lebed Yury Skokov

| Russian nationalism National conservatism Traditionalism

| 1992–2004 Merged into Rodina in 2004 Re-founded in 2006 Merged into Rodina in 2012

! style="background:#EBC59E;"|

| Popular Patriotic Party

| NPP

| Alexander Kotenev Anatoly Gil

| Russian nationalism Social conservatism Veterans of Afghan war' interests Yeltsinism

| 1992–1999 Merged into Unity

! style="background:;"|

| Social Patriotic Movement "Power"

| Derzhava

| Alexander Rutskoy Konstantin Zatulin

| Russian nationalism Social conservatism Patriotism Social patriotism Right-wing populism Pan-Slavism

| 1995–1999 Merged into OVR

! style="background:#FF9C00;"|

| Power to the People!

| VN

| Nikolai Ryzhkov Sergey Baburin Yelena Shuvalova

| Patriotism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism

| 1995–1995

! style="background:#7B746F;"|

|

| NRPR

| Alexander Lebed Vladimir Kushnerenko

| National conservatism Social conservatism Third way Statism

| 1995–2007

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Socialist Party

| RSP

| Vladimir Bryntsalov

| Moderate conservatism Traditionalism Social conservatism

| 1996–2001 Merged into United Russia

! style="background:;"|

| Inter-Regional Movement "Unity"

| Unity

| Sergey Shoygu Vladimir Putin

| Conservatism Fiscal conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism

| 1999–2001

! style="background:;"|

| 60px 60px

| People's Union Party of National Revival "People's Will"

| NS

| Sergey Baburin

| Russian nationalism Conservatism National conservatism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Patriotism

| 2001–2008 Successed by ROS

! style="background:#408080;"|

| ZRS

| Christian patriorism Conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing socialism Patriotism

| 2002–2005

! style="background:#2655B0;"|

| 60px

| Monarchist Party of Russia

| MPR

| Anton Bakov

| Constitutional monarchism Russian conservatism

| 2012–Present

! style="background:#CF161E;"|

| 60px

| Great Fatherland Party

| PVO

| Nikolai Starikov

| Conservatism National conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism

| 2013–2020

Far-right

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#1D203F"|

| 60px

| National Patriotic Front "Memory"

| Pamyat

| Dmitri Vasilyev

| Russian nationalism Traditionalism Orthodox fundamentalism Orthodox nationalism National conservatism Tsarism Antisemitism

| 1980–2021

! style="background:#F9DA00;"|

| 60px

| National Republican Party of Russia

| NRPR

| Russian ultranationalism Mono-national state Anti-internationalism Anti-cosmopolitanism Anti-communism

| 1990–1998

! style="background:#A80000;"|

| 60px

| Russian National Unity

| RNU

| Alexander Barkashov

| Neo-Nazism Russian nationalism Antisemitism Islamophobia Anti-immigration Anti-communism Third Position

| 1990–2000

! style="background:#322E2E;"|

| 60px

| Russian All-National Union

| RONS

| Russian ultranationalism Orthodox nationalism Christian fundamentalism National capitalism White nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism Antisemitism Anti-LGBT Pan-Slavism

| 1990–2011

! style="background:#BC0000;"|

| People's Liberation Movement "Ours"

| Nashi

| Alexander Nevzorov

| Russian nationalism Soviet nationalism Statism Chauvinism

| 1991–1993

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Russian Party

| RP

| Viktor Korchagin Vladimir Miloserdov

| Russian ultranationalism Russian irredentism Antisemitism Economic liberalism Anti-Christianity

| 1991–1997

! style="background:#FFCC00;"|

| 60px

| Front of National Revolutionary Action

| FNRD

| Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Neo-Fascism Neo-Nazism Strasserism Antisemitism Russian imperialism Orthodox fundamentalism

| 1991–1999

! style="background:#80100C;"|

| 60px

| Oprichny Dvor National Socialist Russian Workers' Party

| Oprichniks NSRWP

| Mikhail Yurievich Glukhov|Mikhail Glukhov

| Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism Anti-Americanism Anti-Turkism Anti-communism

| 1993–1997

! style="background:#010101;"|

| 60px

| Russian National Union Russian National Socialist Party

| RNU RNSP

| Konstantin Kasimovsky

| Neo-Nazism White power Racism Antisemitism Anti-caucasian Orthodox nationalism

| 1993–1999 (RNU) 1999–2007 (RNSP)

! style="background:#ED0000;"|

|

| PS

| Russian ultranationalism Neo-nazism Neo-fascism White nationalism Anti-immigration Anti-democracy antisemitism Anti-communism

| 1994–2009

! style="background:#020202;"|

| 60px

| People's National Party

| PNP

| Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky

| Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism White nationalism Racism Antisemitism Statism

| 1994–2009

! style="background:#9B0A0F;"|

| 60px

| Slavic Union

| SS

| Dmitry Demushkin

| Neo-Nazism White supremacism Pan-Slavism Anti-communism Xenophobia Antisemitism Anti-LGBT

| 1999–2010

! style="background:#11007d;"|

| Conceptual Party "Unity"

| CPU

| of Dead Water Conspiracy theory Occultism Neopaganism Neo-Stalinism antisemitism Anti-communism Anti-Christianity Anti-Western sentiment

| 2000–2007

! style="background:#800000;"|

| New Russian National Unity

| VOPD RNU

| Mikhail Lalochkin Yevgeny Lalochkin

| Neo-Nazism Russian ultranationalism Monarchism Orthodox nationalism Xenophobia

| 2000–2013

! style="background:#AE1100;"|

| National Sovereignty Party of Russia

| NDPR

| Alexander Sevastyanov Stanislav Terekhov

| Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Antisemitism

| 2002–2017

! style="background:#CC0000;"|

| 60px

| Movement Against Illegal Immigration

| DPNI

| Alexander Belov Vladimir Yermolayev

| Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration Xenophobia Anti-Islam

| 2002–2011

! style="background:#B21F1F;"|

| 60px

| National Socialist Society

| NSO

| Political Council

| Neo-Nazism Neo-fascism Russian ultranationalism

| 2004–2010

! style="background:#760102;"|

| 50px

| Northern Brotherhood

| NB

| Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Ethnic nationalism Russian separatism Neo-Nazism Anti-immigration Anti-caucasian Antisemitism Nordicism

| 2006–2012

! style="background:#E8B703;"|

| People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky

| NOMP

| Vladimir Kvachkov

| Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Antisemitism Militarism Orthodox nationalism Soviet patriotism

| 2009–2015

! style="background:#FF0E00;"|

| 60px

| Ethno-political Association "Russians"

| Russians

| Dmitry Demushkin Alexander Belov

| Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration

| 2011–2015

! style="background:#1A0019;"|

| 60px

| Nation and Freedom Committee

| NFC

| Russian ultranationalism Anti-communism Anti-immigration European nationalism Pan-Slavism

| 2014–2020

! style="background:#1E1A1B;"|

| 60px

| Male State

| MG

| National patriarchy Russian ultranationalism Antifeminism Homophobia Anti-immigration

| 2016–2020

Syncretic

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#CD0000;"|

| National Salvation Front

| NSF

| Collective leadership

| Statism National patriotism Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism Anti-Yeltsinism

| 1992–1994

! style="background:;"|

| 50px

| National Bolshevik Party

| NBP

| Eduard Limonov

| National Bolshevism Russian nationalism Neo-Sovietism Russian irredentism Anti-Western sentiment

| 1993–2007 Succeeded by The Other Russia

! style="background:;"|

| Beer Lovers Party

| BLP

| Dmitry Shestakov

| Joke party Patriotism Protectionism Environmentalism Anti-establishment

| 1993–1998

! style="background:#1F3C79;"|

| Spiritual Heritage

| SH

| Alexey Podberezkin

| Russian nationalism Moderate nationalism Patriotism Statism

| 1995–2002

! style="background:"|

| Party of Peace and Unity

| PME

| Sazhi Umalatova

| Internationalism Eurasianism Putinism Anti-Americanism Soviet nationalism

| 1996–2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:#FF0301"|

| 50px

| People's Patriotic Union of Russia

| NPSR

| Gennady Zyuganov Gennady Semigin

| Patriotism Nationalism Statism Soviet patriotism

| 1996–2010 Merged into Patriots of Russia

! style="background:#EC1208;"|

| 60px

| People's Will Army For Responsible Government

| AVN ZOV

| Yury Mukhin

| Delocracy Russian nationalism National democracy Left-wing nationalism Anti-Bureaucracy Neo-Stalinism antisemitism

| 1997–2011 2011–2015

! style="background:#DA251C"|

| 60px

| National Patriotic Union "Rodina"

| NPS "Rodina"

| Dmitry Rogozin Sergey Glazyev Yury Skokov

| Russian patriotism Social democracy Protectionism Economic nationalism

| 2003–2006 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012

! style="background:#FF0000;"|

| 60px

| National Bolshevik Front

| NBF

| Alexei Golubovich Maksim Shurkin

| National Bolshevism Eurasianism Anti-Limonov tendency Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary socialism Left-wing nationalism Anti-liberalism Factions: Strasserism Antisemitism Ethnocentrism

| 2006–2016

! style="background:#FF1900;"|

| 60px

| Interregional Social Movement "Artpodgotovka"

| Artpodgotovka

| Vyacheslav Maltsev

| Populism National democracy Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism Anti-communism Liberalism Direct democracy

| 2013–2017

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| For Truth

| ZP

| Zakhar Prilepin

| National conservatism Russian nationalism Anti-liberalism Authoritarian capitalism National patriotism Hard euroscepticism

| 2020–2021 Merged into SRZP

Regionalist parties

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Political position

! Years active

! style="background:#296912;"|

| 60px

| Adyghe Hase

| AH

| Circassian nationalism

| Big tent

| 1988–present (Adygea, Krasnodar Krai) 1988–1993 (Kabardino-Balkaria) 1989–1995 (Karachay-Cherkessia)

! style="background:#00923F;"|

| Nijsxo

| N

| Issa Dashlakiyev

| Ingush nationalism

| Big tent

| 1988–present (unregistered)

! style="background:#63B1E5;"|

| Khostug Tyva

| KhT

| Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey

| Tuvan nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Russian sentiment Pan-Turkism

| Big tent

| 1989–?

! style="background:#1199FF;"|

| Sakha Omuk

| SO

| Yakut nationalism Anti-communism Pan-Turkism

| Big tent

| 1990–1994

! style="background:#1BA32D;"|

| 60px

| Vainakh Democratic Party

| VDP

| Zelimkhan Yandarbiev

| Chechen separatism Chechen nationalism Anti-communism

| Big tent

| 1990–1993

! style="background:#0039A6;"|

| Buryat-Mongolian People's Party

| BMPP

| Mikhail Ochirov

| Buryat nationalism Pan-Mongolism Anti-communism

| Big tent

| 1990–1997

! style="background:#D4322C;"|

| 60px

| Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan

| CPRT

| Robert Sadykov

| Communism Marxism–Leninism

| Far-left

| 1991–2002 Merged into CPRF

! style="background:;"|

| Union for the National Revival of Alania

| UNRA

| Aleksandr Ramonov

| National Bolshevism Ossetian nationalism Soviet patriotism

| Far-left

| 1991–?

! style="background:"|

| Fatherland Socialist Party Фыдыбӕстӕ

| F

| Vadim Baskayev

| Socialism Ossetian nationalism Anti-Ingush sentiment

| Left-wing

| 1993–2004

! style="background:#FFD700;"|

| Styr Nyxas

| SN

| Mikhail Gioyev

| Ossetian nationalism Styr Nyxas Anti-Ingush sentiment Anti-militarism

| 1993–?

! style="background:#0000FC;"|

| 60px

| Baltic Republican Party

| BRP

| Sergei Pasko Rustam Vasiliev

| Kaliningrad independence Kaliningrad autonomism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism Anti-communism

| Centre-right

| 1993–2005

! style="background:#006435;"|

| 60px

| Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"

| Ushem

| Vladimir Kozlov

| Mari nationalism

| Big tent

| 1917–1918 (banned) 1989–?

! style="background:;"|

| Russian Unity

| RE

| Maksym Kovalenko Sergey Aksyonov

| Russian nationalism Russian irredentism Russophilia Crimean regionalism

| Right-wing

| 2008–2014 Merged into United Russia

Soviet parties (1917–1991)

CPSU and factions

{|class="wikitable sortable"

!colspan=3|Name

!Abbr.

!Leader(s)

!Ideology

!Political position

!Years active

!colspan=8|Sole legal party (before 1990)

!rowspan=28 style="background:;"|

|60px

|Communist Party of the Soviet Union

|CPSU

|Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin Georgy Malenkov Nikita Khrushchev Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov Konstantin Chernenko Mikhail Gorbachev Vladimir Ivashko

|Communism Marxism–Leninism

|Far-left

|1917–1991

!colspan=7|Factions inside the RKP(b), VKP(b) and CPSU

|colspan=2|Left Communists

|Nikolai Bukharin

|colspan=2|Left communism World revolution

|1918–1921

|colspan=2|Group of Democratic Centralism

|Valerian Obolensky Timofei Sapronov Vladimir Smirnov Andrei Bubnov Yakov Drobnis

|colspan=2|Left communism Democratic centralism

|1919–1923

|colspan=2|Workers' Opposition

|Alexander Shliapnikov Sergei Medvedev Alexandra Kollontai Yury Lutovinov

|colspan=2|Trade unionism Council communism Anti-bureaucratism

|1920–1922

|colspan=2|Workers' Truth

|Fanya Shutskever Efim Shulman Vladimir Khaikevich Yakov Budnitsky Pauline Lass-Kozlova Oleg Vikman-Beleev Nellie Krym

|colspan=2|Anti-bureaucratism

|1921–1923

|colspan=2|Right Opposition

|Nikolai Bukharin Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky

|colspan=2|Agrarian socialism Anti-Stalinism New Economic Policy Anti-Collectivization

|1921–1933

|colspan=2|Left Opposition

|Leon Trotsky

|colspan=2|Trotskyism Anti-Stalinism Industrialism

|1923–1927

|colspan=2|Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party

|Gavril Myasnikov

|colspan=2|Left communism Anti-bureaucratism Workplace democracy

|1923–1930

|colspan=2|United Opposition

|Leon Trotsky Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev

|colspan=2|Anti-New Economic Policy Anti-Stalinism Industrialism

|1926–1933

|colspan=2|Left-Right Bloc

|Vissarion Lominadze Sergey Syrtsov Jan Sten

|colspan=2|Anti-Stalinism Anti-Collectivization

|1929–1933

|colspan=2|Union of Marxist-Leninists

|Martemyan Ryutin Vasily Kayurov

|colspan=2|Anti-Stalinism

|1932–1932

|colspan=2|Bloc of Oppositions

|Leon Trotsky Leon Sedov

|colspan=2|Trotskyism Anti-Stalinism

|1932–1933

|colspan=2|Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined them

|Georgy Malenkov Lazar Kaganovich Vyacheslav Molotov Dmitri Shepilov

|colspan=2|Anti-Khrushchevism Anti-De-Stalinization

|1957–1957

|colspan=2|Bolshevik Platform

|Nina Andreyeva

|colspan=2|Anti-Perestroika Neo-Stalinism Anti-liberalism

|1988–1991 Succeeded by VKPB

|colspan=2|United Workers' Front

|Viktor Stepanov Mikhail Popov Igor Malyarov

|colspan=2|Soviet patriotism Proletarian internationalism Anti-separatism

|1989–1991 Succeeded by RCWP

|colspan=2|Democratic Platform

|Yury Afanasyev Boris Yeltsin Telman Gdlyan Nikolay Ivanov Nikolay Travkin Igor Chubais Vyacheslav Shostakovsky Alexander Minzhurenko

|colspan=2|Perestroika Democratization Social liberalism

|1989–1991 Succeeded by RPRF

|colspan=2|Communist Initiative Movement

|Viktor Tyulkin Albert Makashov

|colspan=2|Foundation of the Russian Communist Party Anti-capitalism Left-wing nationalism

|1989–1991 Succeeded by RCWP

|colspan=2|Marxist Platform

|Alexander Buzgalin Sergey Skvortsov Alexey Prigarin Andrey Kolganov Anatoly Kryuchkov

|colspan=2|Orthodox Marxism Marxism–Leninism

|1990–1992 Succeeded by RCWP, RPC and SK

|colspan=2|Democratic Movement

|Anatoly Sobchak Gavriil Popov Vladimir Lysenko Vyacheslav Shostakovsky Alexander Rutskoy

|colspan=2|Social democracy Democratization

|1990–1992 Succeeded by NPSR

Clandestine and illegal parties

{|class="wikitable sortable"

!colspan=3|Name

!Abbr.

!Leader (s)

!Ideology

!Political position

!Years active

!style="background:;"|

|60px

|Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries

|Left SRs

|Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova

|Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism Revolutionary socialism Narodism

|Far-left

|1917–1921 Clandestine since 1918

!style="background:#FB6239;"|

|True Communists

|TC

|Ivan Yatsuk Yuri Shokk Alexander Elin Shamil Gubaidulin Kamil Salakhutdinov

|Marxism Anti-Stalinism Left communism

|Far-left

|1940–1940

!style="background:#309805;"|

|50px

|Lithuanian Activist Front

|LAF

|Kazys Škirpa

|Lithuanian independence Nazism Anti-communism Antisemitism Anti-Polonism

|Far-right

|1940–1941

!style="background:#000000;"|

|60px

|People's Socialist Party of Russia "Viking"

| NSPR

|Konstantin Voskoboinik Bronislav Kaminski

|Nazism Russian nationalism Russian collaborationism Antisemitism Anti-communism

|Far-right

|1941–1943

|Vladimir Gil

|collaborationism

|Far-right

|1942

|Russian nationalism collaborationism

|Far-right

|1943-?

!style="background:#CC0000;"|

|Communist Party of Youth

|CPM

|Anatoly Zhigulin

|Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-Stalinism

|Left-wing to far-left

|1946–1949

!style="background:#FF0004;"|

|All-Union Democratic Party

|VDP

|Alexander Tarasov Viktor Belkin

|Anti-Stalinism Socialism

|Left-wing

|1948–1948

|Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Antisemitism

Factions: Stalinism Anti-communism

|Far-right

Syncretic

|1950s-1980s

!style="background:#660101;"|

|Union of Struggle for the Cause of the Revolution

|SBDR

|Boris Slutsky Evgeny Gurevich Vladilen Furman

|Anti-Stalinism Revolutionary socialism

|Far-left

|1950–1951

!style="background:#010101;"|

|Baltic Federation

|BF

|Gunārs Rode Dailis Rijnieks Jānis Rijnieks Aina Zābaka Ziedonis Rozenbergs Viktors Kalniņš Uldis Ofkants

|Anti-Sovietism Latvian nationalism Latvian independence

|Right-wing

|1957–1962

!style="background:red;"|

|Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)

|RC (b)

|Stalinism Anti-revisionism Marxism–Leninism Communism

|Far-left

|1960-1991

|S. D. Khakhaev

|Khruschevism Anti-Brezhnevism Anti-Stalinism Communism

|Far-left

|1963-1965

!style="background:#150D00;"|

|National United Party

|NUP

|Haykaz Khachatryan Paruyr Hayrikyan

|Armenian nationalism Armenian independence National democracy Liberalism Anti-communism

|Big tent

|1966–1987 Succeeded by UNSD

!style="background:#005F9E;"|

|Free Russia Party Revolutionary Workers' Party

|PSR RWP

|Victor Pestov Nikolay Shaburov

|Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism

|1968–1970

!style="background:#D03811;"|

|Group of Revolutionary Communism

|GRK

|Alexander Romanov Oleg Senin Valentin Kirikov

|Marxism Social democracy

|Left-wing

|1972–1972

!style="background:#224887;"|

|All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People

|VSKhSON

|Igor Ogurtsov

|Anti-communism Russian nationalism Social Christianity Third Position

|Right-wing to far-right

|1972–1972

!style="background:#D50043;"|

|Socialist Party of the Soviet Union

|SPSU

|Alexander Ganyushkin

|Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism

|Left-wing

|1972–1972/1990-1992

!style="background:#FF0000;"|

|Left School

|LS

|Natalia Magnat Olga Barash Inna Okup

|Marxism–Leninism Trotskyism Atheistic existentialism New Left

|Far-left

|1972/73–1977

!style="background:#FF0000;"|

|Party of New Communists

|PNC

|Alexander Tarasov Vasily Minorsky

|Neo-communism Orthodox Marxism Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism Direct democracy Trotskyism Neo-anarchism Anti-Stalinism

|Far-left

|1972/73–1977

!style="background:#C60017"|

|Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union

|NCPSU

|Alexander Tarasov Natalia Magnat Vasily Minorsky Olga Barash Igor Dukhanov

|Neo-communism Atheistic existentialism Communism Guevarism Neo-Marxism Anti-clericalism Trotskyism New Left

|Far-left

|1974–1985

|Boris Kagarlitsky

|Social democracy (faction)

Eurocommunism (faction)

|Left-wing

|1977-1982

!style="background:;"|

|Democratic Union

|DU

|Valeriya Novodvorskaya

|Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism

|Centre-right

|1988–2014

Parties of the multi-party period

{|class="wikitable sortable"

!colspan=3|Name

!Abbr.

!Leader (s)

!Ideology

!Political position

!Years active

!style="background:;"|

|Democratic Union

|DU

|Valeriya Novodvorskaya

|Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism

|Centre-right

|1988–2014

!style="background:;"|

|60px

|Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union

|LDPSU

|Vladimir Bogachov Vladimir Zhirinovsky

|Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Right-wing populism Monarchism Before 1990: Liberalism Liberal conservatism

|Right-wing to far-right Before 1990: Centre-right

|1989–1992

!style="background:;"|

|60px

|Democratic Party of Russia

|DPR

|Nikolay Travkin

|Anti-communism Centrism Liberalism

|Centre-right

|1990–1992

!style="background:#D50043;"|

|Socialist Party

|SP

|Boris Kagarlitsky Anatoliy Baranov Alexander Kolpakidi Vladimir Kondratov

|Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism

|Left-wing

|1990–1992

!style="background:#D6281D;"|

|Social Democratic Party of Russia

|SDPR

|Pavel Kudyukin Oleg Rumyantsev Alexander Obolensky

|Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism

|Centre-left

|1990–2011

!style="background:#D50043;"|

|50px

|All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks

|VKPB

|Nina Andreyeva

|Communism Marxism–Leninism Bolshevism Anti-revisionism Stalinism

|Far-left

|1991–

Parties of the Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Pre-revolutionary organizations

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#0070D3;"|

| 60px

| Decembrist Societies

| Decembrists

| Sergei Trubetskoy Nikita Muravyov Pavel Pestel Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and others

| Constitutional monarchism Anti-Tsarist autocracy Anti-Serfdom Republicanism (factions)

| 1816–1825

! style="background:#831600;"|

| Petrashevsky Circle

| Petrashevtsy

| Mikhail Petrashevsky

| Utopian socialism Agrarian socialism

| 1844–1849

! style="background:#000000;"|

| 60px

| Land and Liberty

| Zemlevolists

| Collective leadership

| Narodism Agrarianism Agrarian socialism (1860–64) Anarcho-collectivism (1876–1879)

| 1860–1864, 1876-1879

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Committee of Russian Officers in Poland

| KROP

| Vasily Kaplinski Jarosław Dąbrowski Andrey Potebnya Zygmunt Padlewski

| Narodism Republicanism

| 1861–1863

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Grand Propaganda Society

| Tchaikovtsy

| Nikolai Tchaikovsky Sophia Perovskaya Mark Natanson

| Narodism Revolutionary socialism

| 1871–1874

! style="background:#000000;"|

| colspan=2 | Bashenists

| Grigory Popko Innokenty Voloshenko Fedor Shcherbina

| Radical Narodism Republicanism

| 1874–1877

! style="background:#000000;"|

| 60px

| Narodnaya Volya

| Narodovolists

| Collective leadership

| Narodism Agrarian socialism Left-wing terrorism Revolutionary socialism

| 1879–1884

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Black Repartition

| BR

| Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod Osip Aptekman Leo Deutsch Vera Zasulich

| Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Federalism

| 1879–1881

! style="background:#EF3624;"|

| Emancipation of Labour

| OT

| Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod

| Marxism Scientific socialism

| 1883–1903

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Social Revolutionary Party of People's Right

| People's Right

| Mark Natanson Nikolay Tyutchev

| Narodism Revolutionary democracy

| 1893–1894

! style="background:#DD0000;"|

| League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

| SBORK

| Vladimir Ulyanov

| Marxism Social democracy

| 1895–1897

! style="background:#FF0000;"|

| Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of Russia

| RPPOR

| Grigory Gershuni Catherine Breshkovsky

| Narodism Revolutionary socialism

| 1897–1900

! style="background:#FF0000;"|

| Workers' Banner

| WB

| Sergey Andropov Lydia Dan Viktor Nogin

| Social democracy Anti-Economism

| 1897–1902

Post-revolutionary parties

Left-wing

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#DA2129;"|

| 60px

| General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia

| Bund

| Victor Alter

| Bundism Socialism Jewish Autonomism Non-Zionism Secularism

| 1897–1921

! style="background:#DD0000;"|

| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

| RSDLP

| Vladimir Ulyanov (Bolsheviks) Julius Martov (Mensheviks)

| Marxist socialism Revolutionary socialism Social democracy

| 1898–1912

! style="background:"|

| 60px

| Socialist Revolutionary Party

| Esers

| Viktor Chernov

| Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Democratic socialism Federalism Neo-Narodism

| 1902–1921

! style="background:#FF0000"|

| Zionist Socialist Workers Party

| SS

| Naum Syrkin Ber Borochov

| Socialism Zionism Territorialism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:#F60201"|

| Jewish Socialist Workers Party

| SEPR

| Chaim Zhitlowsky

| Socialism National personal autonomism

| 1905/6-1917

! style="background:#008000"|

| 60px

| Labour Popular-Socialist Party

| Enes's

| Alexey Peshekhonov Nikolai Annensky Venedikt Miakotin

| Neo-Narodism Popular socialism Agrarian socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism

| 1906–1921

! style="background:#9F3A3C"|

| 60px

| Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion)

| JSDLP(PZ)

| Ber Borochov Yitzhak Ben-Zvi

| Marxism Socialist Zionism Socialism Centrist Marxism

| 1906–1928

! style="background:#D71017"|

| Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries-Maximalists

| Maximalists

| Mikhail Sokolov Vladimir Mazurin

| Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism Left-wing terrorism Anti-capitalism

| 1906–1911, 1917-1919

! style="background:"|

| Labour Group

| Trudoviks

| Alexey Aladyin Alexander Kerensky

| Social democracy Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism

| 1906–1921

! style="background:"|

| 60px

| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)

| RSDLP(b)

| Vladimir Lenin Grigory Zinoviev

| Communism Bolshevism

| 1912–1918

! style="background:#CE468A"|

| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)

| RSDLP(m)

| Julius Martov Pavel Axelrod Fyodor Dan

| Social democracy Democratic socialism Menshevism

| 1912–1918

! style="background:#DD0000"|

| Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists)

| Mezhraiontsy

| Leon Trotsky Moisei Uritsky Adolph Joffe V. Volodarsky

| Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism Bolshevism-Menshevism

| 1913–1917

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries

| Left SRs

| Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova

| Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism (since 1918) Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism

| 1917–1921

! style="background:#DD0000;"|

| 50px

| Russian Socialist Labour Party of Internationalists

| RSLPI

| Boris Avilov Vladimir Bazarov Viacheslav Volgin Nikolai Sukhanov

| Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism

| 1917–1920

! style="background:#D71E19;"|

| Party of Narodnik Communists

| PNC

| Grigoriy Zaks

| Communism Neo-Narodism

| 1918-1918

! style="background:#990000;"|

| Party of Revolutionary Communism

| PRC

| Mark Natanson Alexei Ustinov Andrei Kolegayev

| Integral socialism Neo-Narodism

| 1918–1920

! style="background:#9F3A3C"|

| 60px

| Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)

| JСP(PZ)

| Central Committee

| Communism Marxism Proletarian internationalism Socialist Zionism

| 1919–1922

! style="background:#1F833C;"|

| 60px

| Union of Working Peasants

| STK

| Alexander Antonov Pyotr Tokmakov

| Anti-communism Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism

| 1920–1921

Centrist and moderate

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Progressive Economic Party of the Russian Empire Commercial and Industrial Union of the Russian Empire Commercial and Industrial Party of the Russian Empire

| PEP TPS TPP

| Grigory Krestovnikov

| Anti-socialism Bourgeoisie interests

| 1905-1905

! style="background:#4137D3;"|

| Party of the Legal Order

| PPP

| Anatoly Savenko

| Constitutional monarchism Russian nationalism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:#03722E;"|

| Ittifaq al-Muslimin

| Ittifaq

| Alimardan bey Topchubashov Khalil bey Khasmammadov Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev

| Islamic liberalism Jadidism Constitutional monarchism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:;"|

| 60px

| Constitutional Democratic Party

| Kadets

| Pavel Miliukov

| Constitutionalism Constitutional monarchism Liberal democracy Parliamentarism Political pluralism Social liberalism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:;"|

| 50px

| Union of October 17

| Octoberists

| Alexander Guchkov

| Reformism Liberal conservatism Constitutional monarchism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:#5796CC;"|

| Union of freedom, Truth and Peace

| UFTP

| Ivan Prokhanov Nikolay Odintsov Pyotr Frizen

| Christian democracy Mennonism Evangelical Christianity Left Baptism Constitutional monarchism

| 1905–1906

! style="background:#00008B;"|

| Party of Democratic Reform

| PDR

| Maksim Kovalevsky

| Classical liberalism

| 1906–1907

! style="background:#00008B;"|

| Party of Peaceful Renovation

| PMO

| Pyotr Heiden Nikolay Lvov

| Liberal conservatism Classical liberalism

| 1906–1907

! style="background:#00008B;"|

| Progressive Party

| Progressists

| Aleksandr Konovalov Ivan Yefryemov

| Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Constitutional monarchism

| 1907–1917

Right-wing

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=3 |Name

! Abbr.

! Leader (s)

! Ideology

! Years active

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Russian Assembly

| RS

| Dmitri Golitsyn Nikolai Engelhardt

| Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality Monarchism Conservatism Russian nationalism

| 1900–1917

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Russian Brotherhood

| RB

| major Protsenko Pyotr Zhukov

| Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism National conservatism Christian fundamentalism antisemitism

| 1904–1913

! style="background:#FFCD01;"|

| 60px

| Union of the Russian People

| URP

| Alexander Dubrovin Nikolai Markov

| Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russia for Russians Triune Russian nation Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Right-wing populism Anti-Ukrainian sentiment Pochvennichestvo antisemitism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:#3A332B;"|

| Union of the Russian Men

| URM

| Alexander Shcherbatov Pavel Sheremetev Pyotr Sheremetev

| Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality antisemitism

| 1905-1910/11

! style="background:#345155;"|

| 60px

| Russian Monarchist Union

| RMU

| Vladimir Gringmut Mihail Hutorov

| Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism

| 1905–1917

! style="background:#000000;"|

| United Nobility

| OD

| Aleksei Bobrinsky Alexander Naryshkin Ananiy Strukov Alexander Samarin

| Tsarist monarchism Russian nationalism Nobility interests

| 1906–1917

! style="background:#4B4C2C;"|

| 60px

| Union of the Archangel Michael

| SMA

| Vladimir Purishkevich

| Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russian ultranationalism National conservatism antisemitism

| 1908–1917

! style="background:#464737"|

| All-Russian National Union

| VNS

| Pyotr Balashov Vasily Shulgin

| Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism National liberalism National conservatism

| 1908–1917

! style="background:#010075"|

| Party of Moderate Right

| PMR

| Pyotr Balashov

| Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-liberalism

| 1909–1910

! style="background:#FFCD01;"|

| 60px

| All-Russian Dubrovinist Union of the Russian People

| ARDURP

| Alexander Dubrovin

| Black Hundreds Anti-Stolypin reform Great Russian ultranationalism National conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Agrarianism antisemitism

| 1912–1917

! style="background:#000000;"|

| Domestic Patriotic Union

| OPS

| Vasiliy Orlov Vasiliy Skvortsov

| Tsarist monarchism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-socialism

| 1915–1917

References

External links

Justice Ministry webpage about Russian political parties
Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation webpage about Russian political parties

List of political parties in Russia

History

Party of Power

Current parties

Parties represented in the Federal Assembly

Parties represented in the regional parliaments

Parties in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

List of registered parties

Historical parties (1991–present)

Far-left

Left-wing

Centre-left

Centrist

Centre-right

Right-wing

Far-right

Syncretic

Regionalist parties

Soviet parties (1917–1991)

CPSU and factions

Clandestine and illegal parties

Parties of the multi-party period

Parties of the Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Pre-revolutionary organizations

Post-revolutionary parties

Left-wing

Centrist and moderate

Right-wing

See also

References

Further reading

External links