This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.
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| Social Democratic Party <br /><small><br>()</small>
| SDP
| Social democracy
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| valign="center" align="center" |1899
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! style="background-color: " |
| center|75x50px
| Green League <br /><small><br />()</small>
| Vihr
| Green politics
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|
|
| valign="center" align="center" |1987
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| center|50x50px
| Christian Democrats<br/><small><br>()</small>
| KD
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|
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| valign="center" align="center" |1958
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Extra-parliamentary parties
Registered
The parties that haven't received a seat in the Parliament of Finland or in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" | Party
! Ideology
! CCs
! Leader
! Founded
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |
|-
! style="background-color: " |
|Animal Justice Party<br /><small>Eläinoikeuspuolue</small><br /><small>(Djurrättspartiet)</small>
| valign="center" align="center" |'
|Animal rights
|0
|Tatu Chanth
| valign="center" align="center" |2015
|
| 0
|Antti Asikainen
| valign="center" align="center" |2021
|
|-
! style="background-color: " |
| Crystal Party<br /><small>Kristallipuolue</small><br /><small>(Kristall Parti)</small>
| valign="center" align="center" | '
| Spirituality<br />Anti-lockdown
| 0
| Sanna Seesvalo
| valign="center" align="center" |2013
|
|-
! width="5px" style="background-color: " |
|Communist Party of Finland<br /><small>Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue</small><br /><small>(Finlands Kommunistiska Parti)</small>
| valign="center" align="center" |'
|Communism<br>Marxism–Leninism
|0
| Liisa Taskinen
| valign="center" align="center" |1994
|
|-
! style="background-color: " |
| Freedom Alliance<br /><small>Vapauden liitto</small>
| valign="center" align="center" |'
| Right-wing populism<br />National conservatism
|0
| Ossi Tiihonen
| valign="center" align="center" |2022
|
|-
! style="background-color: " |
|Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose<br /><small>Liberaalipuolue - Vapaus valita</small><br /><small>(Liberalpartiet - Frihet att välja)</small>
| valign="center" align="center" |'
|Classical liberalism<br />Economic liberalism
|1
|Lassi Kivinen
| valign="center" align="center" |2015
|
|}
Historical parties
Parliamentary historical parties
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Founded
! Dissolved
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Finnish Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1863
|1918
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Young Finnish Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1894
|1918
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Christian Workers' Union of Finland<br /><small>, KTL<br /></small>
|1906
|1922
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|<br /><small><br /></small>
|1917
|1918
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Communist Party of Finland<br /><small>, SKP<br />, FKP</small>
|1918
|1992
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|National Progressive Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1918
|1951
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Liberal Swedish Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1919
|1951
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Patriotic People's Movement<br /><small><br /></small>
|1932
|1944
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|People's Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1932
|1936
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Finnish People's Democratic League<br /><small>, SKDL<br />, DFFF</small>
|1945
|1990
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Liberal League<br /><small><br /></small>
|1951
|1965
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Liberals<br /><small><br /></small>
|1965
|2011
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Finnish People's Unity Party<br /><small>, SKYP<br />, EFF</small>
|1972
|1983
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Constitutional Right Party<br /><small>, POP<br /></small>
|1973
|1992
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Democratic Alternative<br /><small>, Deva<br />, DA</small>
|1986
|1990
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta<br /><small></small>
|1988
|2003
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|People's Party of Finland<br /><small><br /></small>
|1951
|1965
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Reform Group<br /><small><br /></small>
|1998
|2001
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Finnish Rural Party<br /><small>, SMP<br />, FLP</small>
|1959
|1995
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Small Farmers Party<br /><small><br /></small>
|1936
|1954
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Small Farmers' Party of Finland<br /><small><br /></small>
|1929
|1936
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders<br /><small>, STPV<br /></small>
|1924
|1930
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Socialist Workers' Party of Finland<br /><small>, SSTP<br /></small>
|1920
|1923
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Socialist Unity Party<br /><small>, SYP<br /></small>
|1946
|1955
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders<br /><small>, TPSL<br />, ASSF</small>
|1959
|1973
|-
! style="background-color:" |
|Young Finns<br /><small><br /></small>
|1994
|1999
|}
Extra-parliamentary historical parties
thumb|Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki
- (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
- (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
- (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
- National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
- (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
- (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
- (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
- United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
- New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
- Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
- Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
- Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
- Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
- Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
- Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
- Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
- Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
- Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
- National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
- Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
- (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
- Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
- (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
- (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
- Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
- (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
- (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
- (Suomen Senioripuolue) 1990–2014
- (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
- (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
- Finnish People's Blue-Whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
- Finland – Fatherland (Suomi - Isänmaa) 1993–2007
- Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
- Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
- Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
- For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
- Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
- Citizens' Party (Kansalaispuolue) 2016–2022
- Finnish Reform Movement (Korjausliike) 2017–2023
- Seven Star Movement (Seitsemän tähden liike) 2017–2024
- Finnish People First (Suomen Kansa Ensin) 2018–2023
See also
- Parliament of Finland
- Government of Finland
- President of Finland
- Elections in Finland
- Politics of Finland
- List of political parties in Åland
- List of ruling political parties by country
References
External links
- NSD: European Election Database - Political parties of Finland