List of political parties in Egypt

Egypt has had differing multi-party systems since independence, with a hiatus between 1953 and 1977, after which the current party law was enacted.

Parties in history

20px Liberation Rally: 23 January 1953 – 28 May 1957 ()
20px National Union: 28 May 1957 – 21 May 1962 ()
20px Arab Socialist Union: 21 May 1962 – 2 October 1978 ()
National Democratic Party: 2 October 1978 – 16 April 2011 ()

Restricted partisan pluralism (1977 – 25 January 2011)

Under the new Infitah (liberal realignment) of president Anwar Sadat, and in the aftermath of the 1973 October War and the peace process with Israel, Sadat’s decree in March 1976 founded a three-party platform within the framework of the Arab Socialist Union, representing the right, the center and the left, before spinning them off on 22 November of the same year into political parties.

Egyptian Arab Socialist Party (1976).
The Socialist Liberal Party (1976–2011).
National Progressive Unionist Rally Party (Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawi – 1976).
Parties established later by declaration by the Parties Affairs Committee (10):
The New Wafd Party (1978).
The National Democratic Party (1978–2011).
The Socialist Labour Party (1978).
The National Conciliation Party (2000).
Al-Ghad Party (2004).
The Free Social Constitutional Party (Al-Hizb Al-Distouri – 2004).
The Democratic Peace Party (2005).
The Conservative Party (2006).
The Free Republican Party (Al-Hizb al-Gomhory al-Ahrar – 2006).
The Democratic Front Party (2007).

Parties established by judicial rulings (11): Also, new party leaders are required to raise at least LE1 million to publish the names of the founding members in two widely circulated dailies, seen as favoring wealthier interests. No parties are able to form on the basis of religion or class, ruling out the formation of Islamic and labor parties. the Supreme Administrative Court allowed Gamaa Islamiya to form the Building and Development Party. The political parties commission allowed the Al Nour Party to be approved in May 2011, in part because it does not refer to the hudud in their electoral program. An article on the Daily News Egypt website states that religious parties have gone around the ban by not explicitly advocating a state based on Islam in their political programs.

Freedom and Justice Party (2011–2014)
Ghad al-Thawra (splintered from Al-Ghad – 2011)
Free Egyptians party (Al-Masrieen Al-Ahrar – 2011)
The Conference Party (Al-Mo'tamar)
The Socialist Popular Alliance Party (Al-Tahaluf al-Sha'bi – 2011)
The Egyptian Social Democratic Party (Al-Masri El-Democrati, merger of the Liberal Egyptian Party, and the Egyptian Democratic Party – 2011)
Al-Nour Party (2011)
The Justice Party (Al-Adl – 2011)
The Constitution Party (Al-Dostour – 2012)
Republican People's Party (Al Shaab Al-Gomhouri – 2012)

Post-2013 popular coup/revolution (2013–present)

On 3 July 2013, president Mohamed Morsi, the leader of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) was removed from power in the aftermath of the 30 June popular coup/revolution, which later resulted in a new (2014) constitution banning parties based on religion, effectively dissolving the dominant FJP.

In June 2014, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi became Egypt's first president not affiliated with a political party. However, a number of pro-Sisi parties have since formed, Groups are sometimes associated with the political left or right, especially in international circles, according to their stance on issues. While the current Egyptian constitution prohibits the formation of political parties based on religion, there are parties that seek to establish Islamic sharia laws, or uphold the article in the constitution that states that sharia law is the main source of legislation, and others that support the formation of a secular state. The following is a categorization of political parties based on their social, economical, and political orientation, as well as their legal status:

Parties represented in the House of Representatives or the Senate

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan=2 | Name

! Founded

! Leader

! Political position

! Ideology

! Senate

! House

! Position on 2013 coup d'état and 2011 revolution

! style="background-color: " |

| Nation's Future Party Hizb Mustaqbal Watan

| 2014

| Abdel-Wahab Abdel-Razeq

| Big tent

| Egyptian nationalism Economic liberalism Militarism

|Pro-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Republican People's Party Hezb al-Shaeb al-Gomhuri

| 2012

| Hazem Omar

| Centre-left to Centre-right

| Egyptian nationalism Secularism Militarism Liberalism Social liberalism

|Pro-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| New Wafd Party Ḥizb al-Wafd al-Jadīd

| 1978

| Bahaa El-Din Abu Shoka

| Centre-right

| Egyptian nationalism Secularism Conservatism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism National liberalism Conservative liberalism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Homeland Defenders Party Ḥizb Hamaat al-Watan

| 2013

| Galal Haridy

| Centre to centre-right

| Centrism Militarism

|Pro-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Modern Egypt Party Ḥizb Masr al-Haditha

| 2011

| Nabil Deibis

| Centre to centre-right

| Liberalism

|Pro-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Reform and Development Party Ḥizb al-Islah wa al-Tanmiyah

| 2009

| Mohamed Anwar Esmat Sadat

| Centre

| Market liberalism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Egyptian Social Democratic Party al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī

| 2011

| Mervat Tallawy

| Centre-left

| Secularism Social democracy Social liberalism Progressivism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: #08e595" |

| Egyptian Freedom Party Hizb al-Huriyat al-Misriu

| 2011

| Ahmed Muhanna

| Big tent

| Liberalism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Egyptian Conference Party Ḥizb al-Muʾtamar al-Maṣrī

| 2012

| Omar El-Mokhtar Semeida

| Centre to centre-left

| Big tent Social liberalism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| Al-Nour Party Ḥizb an-Nūr

| 2011

| Yunis Makhyun

| Far-right

| Salafi Islamism Wahhabism Madkhalism

|Pro-Coup

! style="background-color: " |

| National Progressive Unionist Rally Party Ḥizb al-Tagammu' al-Watani al-Taqadomi al-Wahdawi

| 1977

| Sayed Abdel Aal

| Left-wing

| Nasserism Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Left-wing populism

|Anti-Coup

! style="background-color: black" |

| Justice Party Ḥizb el-Adl

| 2011

| Hamdi Stouhi

| Centre

| Big tent Secularism

! style="background-color: #f613be" |

| Eradet Geel Party Ḥizb 'Iiradat Jil

| 2019

| Tayseer Matar

! style="background-color: " |

| Egyptian Patriotic Movement Ḥizb al-Ḥarakat al-Waṭaniyya al-Miṣriyya

| 2012

| Sayed Abdel Aal

| Centre

| Secularism

! style="background-color: #8B0000" |

| Sadat Democratic Party Hizb al-Saadat al-Diymuqratii

| 2014

| Effat Sadat

| Nationalism

Non-represented parties

{| class="wikitable sortable"

!Party name English

!Party name Arabic

!Ideology

!Political position

!Legal status

!Founded

!Role in 2011 Egyptian Revolution

!Notes

|Revolutionary Guards Party

|حزب حراس الثورة

|Human Rights and Citizenship Party

|حزب حقوق الانسان والمواطنة

|Centre

|27 September 2011

|New Independent Party

|at-tāyar ash-shāʿībi al-masri التيار الشعبي المصري

|21 September 2014

|Consciousness Party

|حزب الوعي

|2011

|Knights of Egypt Party

|فرسان حزب مصر Forsan Masr

|Liberalism

|لكتلة الوطنية

|حزب مصر العروبة

|Founded by Sami Anan

|الحركة الشعبية العربية

|Founded by members of the Tamarod movement

|حزب الأمل المصري

|Pragmatism

|حزب شباب من أجل مصر

|Islamism

|Founded by former members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood

|Misr Baladi

|Eish we Horria

|حزب الجهاد الديموقراطي

|Islamism

|Centre

|حزب الإرادة المصرية

|Founded by retired members of the Egyptian military

|2012

|Supported

|Founded by Mohamed ElBaradei

|Al Ansar Party

|حزب الأنصار

|Islamism, Salafism

|Flag Party

|حزب نحن الشعب

|2014

|Founded by former members of the parliament

|Nubian Nile Party

|حزب النيل النوبي

|Homeland Party

|Al-Watan

|2013 حزب الريادة

|Unregistered

|2011

|Founded by former members of the Muslim Brotherhood

|Victory Party

|El Nasr حزب النصر

|Sufism

|Founded by a Sufi order

|El Hezb el Araby lel Adl wel Mosawa

|Al Salam el Egtemaii

|Enta Masry

|Masr El Thawra

|Masr el Horra

|El Kenana

|2009

|Sot el Horreya

|el Ommal wel Fallahin

حزب العمال والفلاحين

|Socialism

|Hayat el Masreyyn حزب حياة المصريين

|Secularism

|Egyptian Alliance Party

|حزب التحالف المصري

|2011

|حزب المساواة والتنمية

|Supported

|Egyptian Reform Party

|حزب الإصلاح المصري

|Islamism, Salafism

|Young Salafis حزب مصر القومي

|2011 حزب اللإصلاح والنهضة

|Islamism

|Unregistered

|Islamic Party

|الحزب الإسلامي

|Islamism

|Far-right

|Virtue Party

|El Fadila

|Right-wing

|2011

|El Tawhid el Arabi

|El Nahda حزب الشعب

|Islamism

|Right-wing

|Unregistered

|2012

|Salafi Front

|Egyptian Nation Party

|El Omma el Masreya

حزب الأمة المصرية

|Islamism, Salafism

|Right-wing

|Unregistered

|2012

|Egypt the Future Party

|Masr el Mostaqbal

حزب مصر المستقبل

|Moderate Islamism

|Centre

|2012

|Founded by Amr Khaled

|New Labour Party

|El Amal el gadid

|Masr Al-Qaweya

حزب مصر القوية

|Moderate Islamism

|Centrist

|Registered

|2012

|Supported

|Founded by Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh

|Life Party

|El Haya

حزب الحياة

|Liberalism, Secularism, Coptic interests

|Centre

|2011

|Supported

|Founded by Coptic Activist Micheal Meunier

|Egyptian Current Party

|El Tayyar el Masri

حزب التيار المصري

|Moderate Islamism

|Centre

|Registered

|2011

|Supported

|Youths of Muslim Brotherhood

|Unity Democratic Egyptian Party

|El Wehda el Dimoqrati el Masri

|Moderate, Secularism

|Centre

|Unregistered

|2012

|Egyptian Arab Union Party

|El Etehad el Masri el Arabi

|Pan-Arabism, Secularism

|Centre

|Registered

|2011

|Justice Party

|El Adl

|Liberalism, Secularism

|Centre

|Registered

|2011

|Supported

|April 6 Movement, National Association for Change, Kefaya

|Arab Democratic Nasserist Party

|El Arabi el Dimoqrati el Nasseri

|Nasserism, Secularism

|Left-wing

|Registered

|1992

|Building and Development Party

|El Benaa wel Tanmeya

|Islamism

|Right-wing

|Registered

|2011

|Al-Wasat Party

|El Wasat

|Moderate Islamism

|Centre

|2011

|1996

|Supported

|Branching from the Muslim Brotherhood

|Conservative Party

|El Mohafezin

|Conservatism, Secularism

|Centre-right

|Registered

|2006

|Democratic Front Party

|El Gabha el Dimoqrateya

|Liberalism, Secularism

|Centre

|Registered

|2007

|Democratic Generation Party

|El Geel el Dimoqrati

|Secularism, Liberal democracy

|Registered

|2002

|Opposed

|Democratic Peace Party

|El Salam el Dimoqrati

|Secularism

|Registered

|2005

|Democratic Union Party

|El Etehad el Dimoqrati

|Secularism

|Registered

|1990

|Dignity Party

|El Karama

|Nasserism, Secularism

|Left-wing

|Supported

|Egypt 2000 Party

|Masr 2000

|Anti-globalization, Secularism

|2001

|Opposed

|Egyptian Communist Party

|El Shoiou'i el Masri

|Communism

|Far left

|1975

|Supported

|Egypt Youth Party

|Shabab Misr

|Secularism

|2005

|Egyptian Arab Socialist Party

|Masr el Arabi el Eshteraki

|Pan-Arabism

|Left-wing

|1977

|Opposed

|Free Egyptians Party

|El Masreyyn el Ahrar

|Liberalism, Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, Free Market

|Right-wing

|2011

|Support

|Free Republican Party

|El Gomhouri el Hor

|2006

|Opposed

|Free Social Constitutional Party

|El Dostouri el Egtemai' el Hor

|Secularism, Liberal Democracy

|2004

|Freedom Egypt Party

|Masr el Horreya

|Social democracy, Secularism,

|Centre-left

|2011

|Supported

|Green Party of Egypt

|El Khodr

|Green politics, Secularism

|Left

|1990

|Opposed

|Liberal Egyptian Party

|El Masri El Liberali

|Secularism, Liberalism, Pharaonism, Egyptian nationalism, Liberal Democracy

|Centre

|Awaiting license

|Liberal Socialists Party

|El Ahrar el Eshterakeyyn

|Liberalism

|Centre-right

|1977

|Opposed

|National Conciliation Party

|El Wifak el Watani

|Secularism

|2000

|Liberation Party

|Hizb ut-Tahrir

|Islamism

|Far-right

|Operational

|1953, 1974

|Founded by Taqiuddin al-Nabhani

|People's Democratic Party

|El Shaab el Dimoqrati

|Secularism, Liberal Democracy

|Currently frozen

|1992

|Popular Socialist Alliance Party

|El tahalof el Shaabi el Eshteraki

|Socialism, Secularism

|Far Left

|2011

|Social Justice Party

|El Adala el Egtemaei'a

|Islamic socialism

|Left-wing

|Registered

|1993

|Opposed

|Egyptian Islamic Labour Party

|El Amal el Islami el masri

|Islamism

|Suspended

|1978

|Socialist Party of Egypt

|El Eshteraki el Masri

|Democratic Socialism, Secularism

|Left-wing

|2011

|Supported

|Solidarity Party

|El takafol

|1995

|Tomorrow Party

|El Ghad

|Liberalism, Secularism

|Centre

|2004

|Opposed

|The Revolution's Tomorrow

|Ghad el Thawra

|Liberalism, Secularism

|Centre

|2011

|Supported

|Workers Democratic Party

|El Ommal el Dimoqrati

|Socialism, Secularism

|Left-wing

|Awaiting license

|2011

|Young Egypt Party

|Masr el Fatah

|Islamism, Pan-Arabism

|1990

Active Egyptian political alliances

{| class="wikitable sortable"

!Alliance name (English)

!Alliance name (Arabic)

!Political orientation

!Religious orientation

!Legal status

!Founded

!Member parties

|Civil Democratic Movement

|Reform and Development Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Constitution Party, Justice Party, Egyptian Social Democratic Party, Dignity Party, Freedom Egypt Party, Bread and Freedom Party

|Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, Arab Party for Justice and Equality, Democratic Generation Party, Democratic Peace Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, Egyptian Patriotic Movement, My Homeland Egypt Party, Social Construction Party, Tomorrow Party, Victory Party, Voice of Egypt Party

|تحالف الجبهة الوطنية

|Egyptian Democratic, Nasserist Party, Future of Egypt Party, Dignity Party, Tagammu Party

|For the Love of Egypt

|Fee Hob Misr

|Free Egyptians Party, Nation's Future Party, Conference Party, Conservative Party, Tamarod, Tomorrow Party, Sadat Democratic Party, Modern Egypt Party, Reform and Renaissance Party

|Call of Egypt

|Human Rights and Citizenship Party, We Are the People Party, Arab Party for Justice and Equality, Homeland Defenders Party

|Independent Current Coalition

|Democratic Peace Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party National Party of Egypt, Egyptian Liberation Party, Tomorrow Party, Egyptian Patriotic Movement, My Homeland Egypt Party, Democratic Generation Party, Tomorrow Party

|Anti-Coup Alliance

|Islamist

|27 June 2013

Inactive Egyptian political alliances

{| class="wikitable sortable"

!Alliance name (English)

!Alliance name (Arabic)

!Political orientation

!Religious orientation

!Legal status

!Founded

!Member parties

|Long Live Egypt

|New Dawn Party, Egyptian Revolution Party

|Social Justice Coalition

|Leftist Egyptian National Council, Greenpeace Movement, Coalition of Egyptians Abroad, National Youth Council, Senior Nasserist Conference

|Civil Democratic Current

|Dignity Party, Constitution Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Freedom Egypt Party, Bread and Freedom Party, Socialist Party of Egypt, Egyptian Social Democratic Party

|Reawakening of Egypt Socialist Party of Egypt, Egyptian Communist Party, Civil Democratic Current, Egyptian Democratic, Nasserist Party, Future of Egypt Party Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Justice Party, Reform and Renaissance Party

|Leftist Alliance

|Leftist

|Tagammu, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Egyptian Communist Party, Socialist Party of Egypt

|وحدة مصر

|Islamic Alliance to Support Egypt

|إسلاميون لدعم مصر

|Free Front of the Islamic Group, Reform of the Islamic Group, Revolt of the Islamic Group, Brotherhood Dissidents, Brotherhood Without Violence

|My Homeland Egypt Party, Egyptian Patriotic Movement, Democratic Generation Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, Revolutionary Forces Bloc, Free Egyptians Party

|Egyptian Wafd Alliance

|New Wafd Party, Reform and Development Party, Conservative Party, Consciousness Party, Reform and Renaissance Party,

|Nation Alliance

|Flag Party, Egyptian Reform Party, Authenticity Party, People Party, Islamic Party, Virtue Party, New Labour Party

|Islamist

|Unregistered

|Civilization Party, Wasat Party

|Independent Party Current

|Unregistered

|Democratic Peace Party

|Unregistered

|Egyptian Social Democratic Party, New Wafd Party, Farmers General Syndicate Constitution Party, Egyptian Popular Current, Socialist Popular Alliance Party National Progressive Unionist Rally Party, Conference Party, Reform and Development Party, Dignity Party Socialist Party of Egypt Egypt's Future Party, Democratic Generation Party, Social Peace Party, Freedom Party, Freedom Egypt Party, Egyptian Communist Party Free Egyptians Party, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party

|Coalition for the Defense of Sharia

|Islamist

|Unregistered

|Freedom and Justice Party, Building and Development Party, Al Nour Party Safety and Development Party, Authenticity Party, People Party,Egyptian Reform Party

|Civil Democratic Movement

|Secular

|Social Liberalism, Liberal democracy, Big tent

|Unregistered

|27 September 2012

|Conference Party, New Wafd Party, Free Egyptians Party Socialist Party of Egypt, Egyptian Communist Party, Socialist Popular Alliance Party, Socialist Revolutionary Movement (January), Tagammu Party, Workers Democratic Party, Workers and Peasants Party, Egyptian Popular CurrentReform and Development PartyEgyptian Social Democratic PartyEgyptian Renaissance Party, Victory Party, Egyptian Liberation Party, Dignity Party

|Social Justice Coalition

|Secular

|Unregistered

|Egyptian Social Democratic Party, Socialist Party of Egypt, Constitution Party, Popular Coalition

|Revolutionary Democratic Coalition

|التحالف الديمقراطي الثوري

|Leftist

|Unregistered

|19 September 2012

|Socialist Party of Egypt, Tagammu Party, Workers and Peasants Party, Egyptian Communist Party, Egyptian Coalition to Fight Corruption, Socialist Revolutionary Movement (January), Socialist Youth Union, Mina Daniel Movement

|Coalition of the People's Representatives

|Unregistered

|Egyptian Popular Current

|التيار الشعبي المصري

|Big tent

|Unregistered

|21 September 2012

|Moderate Current Coalition

|Centrism

|Moderate Islamism

|Non-registered

|Wasat Party, Egyptian Current, Strong Egypt, Civilization Party, Justice Party

|Democratic Alliance for Egypt

|التحالف الديمقراطي من أجل مصر

|Nationalist, Islamist

|Mainly Islamic

|Registered

|June 2011

|Democratic Generation Party, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party, Ghad El-Thawra Party, Dignity Party, Labour Party, Ahrar Party, Egyptian Reform Party, Reform and Renaissance Party, Freedom and Justice Party, Freedom and Development Party

|The Revolution Continues Alliance

|تحالف الثورة مستمرة

|Centre-left

|Mainly Secular

|Registered

|23 October 2011

|Freedom Egypt Party, Egyptian Alliance Party, Equality and Development Party

|Islamist Bloc

|الكتلة الإسلامية

|Far-right

|Islamist (hardline Salafi)

|Al Nour Party, Building and Development Party, Authenticity Party

References

External links

Vote Compass Egypt Political compass for voting in Egyptian elections
Al Jazeera English – Explainer: Egypt's crowded political arena Political parties and alliances in Egypt
قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في مصر political parties in Egypt Official Website (Arabic)
امسک فلول List of remnants from Hosni Mubarak's regime seeking election (Arabic)

Parties in history

Restricted partisan pluralism (1977 – 25 January 2011)

Post-2013 popular coup/revolution (2013–present)

Parties represented in the House of Representatives or the Senate

Non-represented parties

Active Egyptian political alliances

Inactive Egyptian political alliances

See also

References

External links