List of pirates

This is a list of known pirates, buccaneers, corsairs, privateers, river pirates, and others involved in piracy and piracy-related activities. This list includes both captains and prominent crew members. For a list of female pirates, see women in piracy. For pirates of fiction or myth, see list of fictional pirates.

Ancient World: 1208 BC–197 AD

thumb|right|150px|[[Denarius coin of Sextus Pompeius, Roman pirate and general from the Roman Republic era of 44–43 BC. AR Denarius (3.85 g, 3h). Massilia (Gaul) mint. Q. Nasidius, moneyer. Bare head of Pompey the Great right; trident before, dolphin below / Ship sailing right; star above.]]

150px|thumb|right|[[Gan Ning was a notorious pirate and marauder in the late 190s CE, who became a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty.]]

thumb|upright=1.5|[[sea people attempting to raid Egypt's coast]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21§;" | Name

! style="width: 7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Life

! style="width: 7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Years active

! style="width:10%;" | Country of origin

! style="width:55%;" | Comments

| Ancient Libya

| Lead the Libyans and the sea people in raiding Egypt's coast and the nile delta but was defeated by the Pharaoh Merneptah in the Battle of Perire.

| Greece

| Phocaean admiral active against Carthaginian and Tyrsenian merchants in the years following the Greco–Persian Wars.

|Greece

| Greek inscriptions of the Athenian navy raiding his base on Kynthnos Island and capturing him and his men read "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon."

| Illyria

| Queen regent, fostered the pirates among her people, and had a Roman diplomat killed by them.

| Pharos (Hellenic)

| His actions precipitated the Second Illyrian War.

| 190–197

| China

| His party carried bells as their trademark to frighten the commoners.

| Illyria

| Was accused by the Romans of organizing and aiding pirate raids in Italy.

| Rome

| He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate.

|Gannascus

|d. 47

|AD 41–47

|Cananefates (Netherlands)

|Deserted Cananefate soldier. Leading pirate raids of the Chauci into province Gallia Belgica (Belgium) between AD 41–47, when he was captured by the Romans.

| Pontus (Hellenic)

| Was the leader of an unsuccessful anti-Roman uprising in Pontus in 69

Middle Ages: 400–1585

150px|thumb|right|[[Oruç Reis|Aruj, or Oruç, Reis was a Barbary privateer and later Admiral in Ottoman service who became known as Barbarossa – or Redbeard – amongst Christians.]]

150px|thumb|right|[[Awilda was a 5th-century pirate who, along with friends, dressed up as sailors and commandeered a ship.]]

145px|right|thumb|[[Klaus Störtebeker was a 14th–15th century German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of former Victual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder) who roamed Northern European seas.]]

thumb|201x201px|Yermak Timofeyevich, a 16th-century [[Cossack river pirate who started the Russian conquest of Siberia in the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;" | Name

! style="width: 7%;" | Life

! style="width: 7%;" | Years Active

! style="width:10%;" | Country of origin

! style="width:55%;" | Comments

| Scandinavia

| She and some of her female friends dressed like sailors and commandeered a ship.

| County of Boulogne

| Boulognese pirate who played a role in the First Crusade.

| England

| He was a bishop who became a seafaring warlord adventurer.

| 1190s

| Cyprus

| A Cypriot Greek pirate. Raided Cypriot coasts and abducted the royal family.

| France

| He was a mercenary for both England and France.

| Norway

| He was a favorite of the Queen, yet committed countless acts of piracy throughout his life

| 1305–1332

| Flanders

| Flemish pirate known for his successful use of a ship-mounted catapult. Once won the favor of Robert the Bruce and acted as a naval officer for England during the Hundred Years' War (after being captured by King Edward III.)

| 1370–1402

| 1392–1402

| Germany

| A German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of former Victual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)

| 1300–1359

| 1343–1356

| Brittany

| A French-Breton pirate. She raided French towns and ships in the English Channel.

| 1365–1402

| 1392–1402

| Germany

| A German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of former Victual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)

| 1340–1408

| 1380s

| England

| An English mayor, privateer and alleged pirate. Raided in the English Channel.

| 1360–1401

| 1392–1401

| Germany

| A German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of former Victual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)

| 1370–1415

| Procida

| Antipope during the Western Schism, John XXIII was accused of—among other crimes—piracy, incest and sodomy.

| |

| 1394–1405

| Germany (Pomerania)

| A Pomeranian duke supporting privateers in the Baltic Sea region and later going on pirate raids himself.

| Germany

| Second leader of Victual Brothers, plundered and burned down the Norwegian city Bergen in 1429

| 1404–1447

| Germany

| A pirate active during political conflicts between Dithmarschen and North Frisia in the early 15th century.

| Germany (Pomerania)

| The first king of the Nordic Kalmar Union, he spent his last years living on the island of Gotland and "sent forth piratical expeditions against friend and foe alike".

| 1432–1448

| England

| English pirate active in the Thames and English Channel. Associate of William Kyd.

| 1474–1518

| 1503–1518

| Ottoman Empire

| An Ottoman privateer and Bey (Governor) of Algiers and Beylerbey (Chief Governor) of the West Mediterranean.

| 1480–1551

| France

| A French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I for exploration of the globe.

| 1504–1545

| Ottoman Empire

| An Ottoman privateer and later Admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades.

| 1516–1576

| 1540s

| England

| An English privateer. Raided Spanish ports with James Logan and William Cooke.

| Netherlands (Frisia)

| From Arum, Friesland. Known as Grutte Pier 'big Pier' because of his length. Another nickname was 'Cross of the Dutchmen'. A Frisian warrior, pirate, freedom fighter, folk hero and rebel. Mainly active with his band De Arumer Zwarte Hoop 'Arum's Black Heap' at the Zuyderzee, the Netherlands.

| 1581–1643

| 1600, 1643

| Netherlands

| Brouwer was a privateer who fought the Habsburgs during the Dutch revolt, holding the city of Castro, Chile hostage for a period of two months.

| b. 1578

| 1639

| England

| Despite a comparatively unsuccessful career as a privateer, Butler was later colonial governor of Bermuda.

| c. 1558–1587?

| c. 1574–1587

| Wales

| Welsh pirate active along the southern coast of Wales.

| 1560–1592

| 1587–1592

| England

| The first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe, Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.

| 17th century

| 1625–1635

| Netherlands

| A Flemish admiral who served as privateer and one of the Dunkirkers in Spanish Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt, responsible for the destruction of at least 150 fishing boats.

| 1587–1660

| 1621–1627

| Netherlands

| Former Dutch corsair and privateer, he later became a pirate and was successful in capturing hundreds of ships in Europe, the Barbary coast and West Africa.

| d. 1601?

| 1598–1601

| Netherlands

| A Dutch corsair who fought against the Spanish during the early 17th century.

| d. 1611

| 1600s–1610s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair and privateer who later became a Barbary corsair based in Algiers and Tunis during the early 17th century. He and John Ward dominated the Western Mediterranean during the early 17th century.

| 1540–1596

| 1563–1596

| England

| Known as "el Draque" (the Dragon), he was an Elizabethan corsair who raided Spanish merchant shipping on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I.

| 1570–1619

| 1602

| England

| A privateer, then pirate, who was able to retire in Villefranche, Savoy with an estimated worth of two million pounds.

| fl. 1622

| 1620s

| Spain

| One of the Spanish privateers who accompanied Jan Jacobsen on his last voyage in 1622.

| c. 1565–?

| c. 1584–1603

| England

| Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.

| 1568

| 1628

| Wales

| From 1600 to 1603, Griffith was active against Spanish shipping.

| 1532–1595

| 1554, 1564, 1567

| England

| An Elizabethan corsair active off the coasts of West Africa and Venezuela. His work in ship design was important during the threat of invasion from the Spanish Armada.

| 1577–1629

| 1628

| Netherlands

| After serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years, Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.

| early 17th century

| 1620s and 1630s

| Netherlands

| Dutch pirate of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin active in the Caribbean against Spain and Brazil against Portugal

| 1609–1653

| 1644–1653

| England

| Maryland privateer and pirate. In an extension of the English Civil War in the Catholic colony of Maryland he and the Puritan settlers raided ships belonging to Catholics and the colonial governor Lord Baltimore. Ingle seized control of the Maryland capital briefly and was later hanged for piracy.

| fl. 1628–1630

| 1620s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair and privateer. Commanded one of the earliest and largest expeditions against the Portugal and Spain in the Caribbean during 1628.

| d. 1622

| 1610s–1620s

| Netherlands

| Flemish-born privateer in English service during the Eighty Years' War.

| fl. 1624–1625

| 1620s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair who accompanied Pieter Schouten on one of the first major expeditions to the West Indies.

| fl. 1600

| 1600s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair based in Duinkerken and one time officer under Jacques Colaert.

| 1570–after 1641

| Republic of Salé

| Known also as Murad Reis, originally Dutch, he was a fighter captured by the Algerian corsairs who converted to Islam in 1618. He began serving as a Navy fighter in Algiers, then after gaining experience there, he was invited to join the 17th-century "Salé Rovers".

| 1643–1682

| 1662–1682

| China

| Chinese pirate and warlord. The eldest son of Koxinga and grandson of Zheng Zhilong, he succeeded his father as ruler of Tainan and briefly occupied Fujian.

| 1597–1641

| 1630s–1640s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair successful against the Spanish in the West Indies. One of the first to use a wooden peg leg.

| 16th-early 17th centuries

| Japan

| Japanese pirate and one of the first Japanese with whom the southern Vietnamese kingdom of the Nguyễn Lords made contact.

| fl. –1618

| 1595/1596–1617

| England

| Lawrence Keymis was a seaman and companion of Sir Walter Raleigh in his expeditions to Spanish colony of Guayana in 1595 and 1617 to search for England El Dorado (actual Venezuela). In another expedition in 1596 led a force inland Guayana along the banks of the Essequibo River, reaching what he wrongly believed to be Lake Parime.

| 1554–1618

| 1591–1603

| England

| Elizabethan Sea Dog active in India during the late 16th century. Later a chief director for the East India Company.

| d. 1610

| England

| An English pirate who set up base in the Outer Hebrides and was active around Ireland and Scotland. He was betrayed by the outlaw Neil MacLeod and executed in 1610.

| 1583–1627

| 1627

| Netherlands

| Hendrick captured 1.2 million guilders from a Honduran treasure fleet, but was mortally wounded in the process.

| 1587–1653

| 1610–1616

| England

| English privateer and pirate hunter. His pirate fleet nearly broke the truce between England and Spain following the Anglo-Spanish War.

| mid-16th century

| 1572–1576

| Albania

| Active in the Narrow Sea (the modern day Adriatic Sea). He was the squadron admiral and the supreme commander of all Islamic vessels in North Africa and Pasha Algiers, known as the most formidable corsair of that period.

| 1536–1580

| 1570s–1600s

| England

| Elizabethan Sea Dog and associate of Sir Frances Drake during the early years of the Anglo-Spanish War. First English privateer to enter the Pacific though Panama.

| d. 1617

| 1590s–1600s

| England

| Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies. Successfully captured Porto Bello and Margarita island in 1602 without firing a shot. He also captured and held for ransom the Cubagua pearl-boats and captured a Portuguese slave ship.

|Ali Pegelin

|c. 1605–1645

|Netherlands

|Also known as Pisselingh, from Vlissingen (hence his name Pisselingh). Was for 40 years one of the most prominent pirates of Algiers. Settled in 1645 in Algiers with great fortune.

| fl. 1636–1645

| 1630s–1640s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair and privateer based on Providence Island. He was involved in privateering expeditions for the Providence Island Company and later commander of Fort Henry.

| d. 1627

| 1620s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair active in the West Indies. Reportedly killed with a number of colonists attempting to establish one of the first colonies on the Wiapoco in Dutch Guiana.

| fl. 1624–1625

| 1620s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair who led one of the Dutch expeditions to the West Indies.

| c. 1564–1610

| c. 1595–1607

| England

| Elizabethan Sea Dog in 1595 sacked Caracas and Coro with Amyas Preston. Active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.

| 16th century

| 1555

| France

| A French pirate whose sole documented act was his attack and burning of Havana in 1555.

| 1529–1599

| Japan

| One of the most powerful feudal lords of Kyūshū and one of the first lords to allow trading with Europeans

| 1509–1573

| 1560s–1570s

| France

| French privateer, explorer and cartographer. First navigator to chart Australia in 1531.

| fl. 1628–1629

| 1620s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair who commanded a Dutch West India Company expedition to Brazil bringing back over 12 Portuguese and Spanish prizes.

| Nicholas Valier

| middle 16th century

| 1567

| France

| A French hugonote privateer that plundered Borburata, Coro and Curazao

| d. 1620

| 1600s–1610s

| Netherlands

| De Veenboer meaning the Peat Bog Farmer. Former Dutch corsair and privateer. Later became a Barbary corsair under Simon the Dancer and eventually commanded the Algiers corsair fleet.

| 17th century

| 1680–1688

| England

| Led the last major buccaneer raid against Panama.

| 18th century

| England

| Davis was one of the earliest and most active buccaneers on Jamaica.

| 17th century

| 1660s

| France

| Delahaye was a French Buccaneer, likely fictional; if real, would have been one of the very few female buccaneers.

| 17th century

| 1667–1669

| England

| A buccaneer and privateer active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his association with Henry Morgan.

| b. 1650

| 1650–1704

| France

| Was originally one of the women – "Filles de Roi" – sent by the French government to Tortuga to become wives to the local male colonists.

| 17th century

| 1682–1686

| England

| Looted Brazil and Spanish South America, crossed the Pacific, raided in East Indies, crew split up in the Indian Ocean.

| d. 1680

| 1670s

| England

| An English buccaneer who took part in Captain Bartholomew Sharp's privateering expedition, the "Pacific Adventure", during the late 1670s.

| died 1695?

| 1681–1688

| Netherlands

| He escaped Henry Morgan and sailed with Jan Willems for several years.

| 1645–1707

| 1669–1674 1697

| France

| A French writer, most known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of 17th century piracy, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers.

| 17th century

| 1662–1666

| England

| English buccaneer and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for attacking the Spanish alongside Henry Morgan, John Morris, and David Marteen.

| 1681–1689

| France

| French pirate active in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is best known for having his ship stolen by William Kidd and Robert Culliford.

| 17th century

| 1672–1675

| Ireland

| Irish pirate and privateer who served the Spanish in the Caribbean.

| 17th century

| 1680s

| France

| Associate of Laurens de Graaf and Michel de Grammont. He later joined them in their attack on Tampico in 1682.

| 17th century

| mid-17th century

| France

| Mid-17th-century flibustier, or French buccaneer, active in the Caribbean. He is best known for a single attack on a Spanish pearl-diving fleet. His story appears only in Alexandre Exquemelin's History of the Buccaneers and the truth of his account is uncertain.

| 17th century

| 1655–1680

| England

| English buccaneer and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for attacking the Spanish alongside Henry Morgan, David Marteen, and John Morris.

|Louis Le Golif

|17th century

|1660–1675

|France

|Known from his Memoirs; supposedly a real buccaneer active against the Spanish, Golif's Memoirs were a forgery and he is now assumed to be entirely fictional.

| 1653–1704

| 1672–1697

| Netherlands

| Also known as Lorencillo and active in the Caribbean. Characterised as "a great and mischievous pirate" by Henry Morgan, de Graaf was a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer in the service of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Sacked Veracruz. His companion was pirate Nicholas van Hoorn. he participated in his raids against Panama, Maracaibo, Gibraltar, Porto Bello.

| 17th century

| 1663–1672

| England

| A skilled pilot, he served with both Christopher Myngs and Henry Morgan before becoming a pirate hunter.

| 1625–1666

| 1650s–1660s

| England

| Described as "unhinged and out of tune" by the governor of Jamaica, Myngs nevertheless became a Vice-Admiral of the Blue in the Royal Navy. In 1658, raided the coast of South-America; failing to capture a Spanish treasure fleet, he destroyed Tolú and Santa Marta in present-day Colombia instead. In 1659, he plundered Cumaná, Puerto Cabello and Coro in present-day Venezuela.

| 17th century

| 1675–1678

| England

| Privateer, joined a buccaneer raid on Campeche then sailed to Jamaica.

| 17th century

| 1680s

| England

| A colonial American privateer who raided several settlements in the West Indies with Jan Willems, most notably against Rio de la Hacha in 1680. He also drove the French from Block Island.

| d. 1671

| 1668–1671

| Portugal

| Portuguese privateer in the service of Spain. One of the few successful privateers active against the buccaneers of the Caribbean during the late 17th century.

| 17th century

| 1686–1688

| England

| Part of his crew consisted of the remnants of the crews of Jean Hamlin and two recently deceased pirates, Jan "Yankey" Willems and Jacob Evertson.

| fl. 1666–1690

| 1660s–1690s

| France

| An officer under l'Ollonais and Henry Morgan, he and Moise Vauquelin left to pursue a career on their own. He later served in King William's War. He may have been one of the first buccaneers to raid shipping on both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts.

| d. 1668

| 1660s

| France

| French privateer active in the West Indies. He was succeeded by Moise Vauquelin following his death.

| 1635–1707

| 1690s

| France

| His greatest venture was the 1697 Raid of Cartagena.

| b. 1630

| 1666–1669

| Portugal

| One of the earliest pirates to use a pirate code.

| d. 1703

| 1689

| England

| Briefly commanded a small ship near Massachusetts before being captured.

| fl. 1659–1672

| 1650s–1670s

| Netherlands

| Dutch buccaneer in English service. An officer under Sir Henry Morgan, he and John Morris led the vanguard at Panama in 1671.

| fl. 1652–1655

| 1650s

| Netherlands

| Captured several English ships as both a corsair and privateer during the First Anglo-Dutch War.

| 1630–1671

| Russia

| A Cossack pirate who operated on the Volga and later expanded into the Caspian Sea.

|John Read (pirate)

|1683-1688

|England

|English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean.

| 1674–1675

| Netherlands

| He is best known for attacking English traders off Acadia and for serving in King Philip's War.

| 17th century

| 1680–1688

| France

| Raided Spanish settlements in Central and South America, including Panama, used Tortuga as a base.

| d. 1680

| 1679–1680

| England

| Participated, along with John Coxon and Bartholomew Sharp, in the surprise attack on Santa Maria in Panama.

| fl. 1663

| 1660s

| England

| Known for his attack on the city of Campeche, on the Yucatan Peninsula.

| 17th Century

| 1660s

| England

| Jamaican-based buccaneer known for his sacks of Tobago and St. Augustine, Florida and occasional compatriot of Henry Morgan.

| 1650–1690

| 1679–1682

| England

| Plundered 25 Spanish ships and numerous small towns.

| 1637–1663

| 1657–1663

| Sweden

| Attacked ships in the Baltic Sea, along with other accomplices of noble descent.

| fl. 1663–1670

| 1660s–1670s

| Netherlands

| Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean, he was captured by Captain Manuel Ribeiro Pardal near Cuba and later executed.

| 17th century

| 1678–1683

| England

| Privateer, joined a buccaneer raid on Veracruz then sailed to Saint-Domingue.

| 17th century

| England

| A reluctant pirate, he begged for a pardon even as he looted his way around South America.

| 1625–1673

| 1664–1673

| France

| French buccaneer who took part in expeditions with Laurens de Graaf, Michel de Grammont, Pierre le Grand, François l'Ollonais and Sir Henry Morgan before his execution in 1673. His existence is disputed as the only pre-20th century reference to him appears in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.

| d. 1686

| 1685–1686

| England

| Raided Nicaragua, sacked Panama, held Spanish hostages to extort ransom.

| d. 1693

| 1681–1693

| France

| Attacked Costa Rica and Colombia, joined a raid on Veracruz, became an English subject.

| fl. 1650–1672

| 1650s–1670s

| France

| An officer under l'Ollonais, he also had a partnership with Pierre le Picard. In his later years, he wrote a book detailing the coastline of Honduras and the Yucatan along with fellow buccaneer Philippe Bequel.

| 17th century

| 1685

| England

| Attacked ships along New England from Virginia to Boston with pirate John Graham.

| 17th century

| mid-1600s

| England

| Known for legends of his buried treasure.

| fl. 1655

| 1650s

| Netherlands

| Dutch corsair active near the Antillen, he was briefly associated with Bartholomeus de Jager.

| 1640–1705

| 1679–1688

| Wales

| An explorer whose work helped inspire the Darien Scheme.

| fl. 1681–1687

| 1680s

| Netherlands

| Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean.

| 17th century

| 1670–1672

| England

| English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his brief association with Henry Morgan.

| 1683–1687

| Colonial America

| A pirate and privateer active in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.

| 17th century

| 1675–1682

| England

| Despite being English, Wright was active as a privateer under a French commission. He later became a buccaneer.

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

150px|thumb|right|The most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, [[Bartholomew Roberts was estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.]]

150px|thumb|right|With his fearsome appearance, [[Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate.]]

150px|thumb|right|[[Miguel Enríquez (privateer)|Miguel Enríquez was the most longeve and the wealthiest of the privateers born in the Caribbean colonies.]]

thumb|150px|[[Amaro Pargo. He was one of the most famous pirates of the golden age of piracy, and one of the most important personalities of the 18th century of Spain.]]

150px|thumb|right|Despite never commanding a ship herself, [[Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few known female pirates.]]

150px|thumb|right|[[Henry Every (or Avery) is famous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.]]

150px|thumb|right|Although modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumour of [[William Kidd|Captain Kidd's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate.]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;"| Name

! style="width:7%;"| Life

! style="width:7%;"| Years active

! style="width:10%;"| Country of origin

! style="width:55%;"| Comments

|Capt. Edmond Du Chastel

James Allison

|1662-1713

|1680-1713

1689–1691

|France-United states

Colonial America

|Capt. Edmond Chastel was active during Queen annes war and sailed up and down the east coast into the tropical islands & active around charlestón SC. He was commissioned to command a sloop called the “Resolution” during Queen Annes war & he was a privateer and had warrant for being a pirate around Philadelphia.

Active near Cape Verde and the Bay of Campeche. Almost the entire record of Allison's piracy comes from trial records of a single incident, the seizure of the merchantman Good Hope.

| Thomas Anstis

| d. 1723

| 1718–1723

| England

| Was mainly active in the Caribbean, and served under first Howell Davis and later Bartholomew Roberts.

|Leigh Ashworth

|1716–1719

|Unknown

|A pirate and privateer operating in the Caribbean in the early 1700s.

|John Auger

|1678–1718

|1718

|Unknown

|Active in the Bahamas around 1718. He is primarily remembered for being captured by pirate turned pirate-hunter Benjamin Hornigold.

|- valign="top"

| Adam Baldridge

| ?

| fl. c. 1685–1697

| England

| English pirate and one of the early founders of the pirate settlements in Madagascar.

|Jonathan Barnet

|1715–1720

|England

|English privateer active in the Caribbean. He is best known for capturing pirates John Rackham, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read.

|Thomas Barrow

|d. 1726

|1702–1718

|Unknown

|Pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for proclaiming himself Governor of New Providence.

|Don Benito

|1725

|Spain

|Real name possibly Benito Socarras Y Aguero, he was a Spanish pirate and guarda costa privateer active in the Caribbean.

|Charles Bellamy

|1717–1720

|England

|English pirate who raided colonial American shipping in New England and later off the coast of Canada. He is often confused with the more well-known Samuel Bellamy, as they operated in the same areas at the same time.

|- valign="top"

| Samuel Bellamy

| 1689–1717

| 1716–1717

| Hittisleigh, Devonshire, England

| Despite having a career of only 16 months, Bellamy was extraordinarily successful, capturing more than 50 ships before his death at age 28. Bellamy began his pirate career under the command of Henry Jennings, a Buccaneer that turned pirate; but double-crossing Jennings, Bellamy fled to the Bahamas and joined Jennings' nemesis, Benjamin Hornigold of the Mary Anne. But quickly growing wearisome of Hornigold's refusal to attack English ships, Bellamy called for a vote of no confidence, and the crew ousted Hornigold and Blackbeard by a majority vote, electing Bellamy as captain. Bellamy's prize flagship, Whydah Galley, discovered by underwater explorer Barry Clifford in 1984, is currently the world's only fully authenticated Golden Age pirate shipwreck ever found.

|- valign="top"

| Blackbeard (Edward Teach)

| 1680–1718

| 1716–1718

| England

| With his fearsome appearance, Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate. Although his real name remains unknown, he began his pirate career as the first officer of Buccaneer-turned-pirate Captain Benjamin Hornigold of the Mary Anne. When a young crewman, Samuel Bellamy, called for a vote of no confidence in Hornigold for his refusal to attack English ships, the crew by a vote ousted Hornigold and Blackbeard, leaving the Mary Anne to Bellamy whom the crew elected their new captain.

|- valign="top"

| Black Caesar

| d. 1718

| 1700s–1718

| Africa

| A captured slave turned pirate, legend held that Black Caesar had been a well-known pirate active off the Florida Keys during the early 18th century. Historically, he was part of Blackbeard's crew and was one of five Africans serving on his flagship.

|Joseph Faro

|1694–1696

|Colonial America

|Active in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for sailing alongside Thomas Tew to join Henry Every's pirate fleet which captured and looted the fabulously rich Mughal ship Gunsway.

|- valign="top"

|John Fenn

|d. 1723

|to 1723

|England

|Sailed with Bartholomew Roberts and, later, Thomas Anstis.

|Lewis Ferdinando

|1699–1700

|Unknown

|Active near Bermuda during the Golden Age of Piracy.

|Francis Fernando

|1715–1716

|Jamaica

|Jamaican pirate and privateer active in the Caribbean. He was one of the few confirmed mixed-race captains in the Golden Age of Piracy.

|James Fife

|d. 1718

|1718

|Unknown

|Active in the Caribbean. Murdered by forced men on his crew.

|- valign="top"

|William Fly

|d. 1726

|to 1726

|England

|Raided off the New England coast before being captured and hanged at Boston, Massachusetts.

|William Fox

|1718–1723

|Unknown

|Pirate active in the Caribbean and off the African coast. He was indirectly associated with a number of more prominent pirates such as Bartholomew Roberts, Edward England, and Richard Taylor.

|Richard Frowd

|1718–1719

|England

|He is best known for sailing with William Moody. He was one of a number of pirates to have both white and black sailors in his crew.

|- valign="top"

|Ingela Gathenhielm

|1692–1729

|1718–1721

|Sweden

|Widow of Lars Gathenhielm, active on the Baltic Sea.

|- valign="top"

|Lars Gathenhielm

|1689–1718

|1710–1718

|Sweden

|Active on the Baltic Sea

|Captain Gincks

|1705–1706

|Unknown

|A privateer based in New York. He is best known for sailing alongside Adrian Claver, and for a violent incident involving his sailors while ashore.

|Richard Glover

|d. 1698

|1694–1698

|Colonial America

|A pirate and slave trader active in the Caribbean and the Red Sea in the late 1690s.

|Robert Glover

|d. 1698

|1693–1698

|Ireland / Colonial America

|An Irish-American pirate active in the Red Sea area in the late 1690s.

|Christopher Goffe

|1683–1691

|Colonial America

|A pirate and privateer active in the Red Sea and the Caribbean. He was eventually trusted to hunt down his former comrades.

|John Golden

|d. 1698

|1696–1698

|England

|A Jacobite pirate and privateer active in the waters near England and France. His trial was important in establishing Admiralty law, differentiating between privateers and pirates, and ending the naval ambitions of the deposed James II.

|Thomas Goldsmith

|d. 1714

|1714

|England

|Chiefly remembered not for his piracy but for retiring and dying peacefully in his bed, and for his gravestone inscription.

|Thomas Griffin (pirate)

|1691

|Colonial America

|A pirate and privateer active off New England. He is known for his association with George Dew.

|Captain Grinnaway

|1718

|Unknown

|A pirate from Bermuda, best known for being briefly and indirectly involved with Edward Teach (or Thatch, alias Blackbeard).

|Nathaniel Grubing

|17th century

|1692–1697

|England

|English pirate who sailed in service to the French. He is best known for leading several raids on Jamaica before his capture.

|Jean Baptiste Guedry

|d. 1726

|1726

|Acadia

|Took over a small ship off Acadia and was tried for piracy. The trial was publicized to Indians as an example of English law.

|- valign="top"

| Charles Harris

|1698–1723

|1722–1723

|England

|He is best known for his association with George Lowther and Edward Low.

|- valign="top"

|John Halsey

|d. 1708

|1705–1708

|Colonial America

|Active in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, Halsey is remembered by Defoe as "brave in his Person, courteous to all his Prisoners, lived beloved, and died regretted by his own People." He is best known for being second in command to Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard. Hands' first historical mention was in 1718, when Blackbeard gave him command of David Herriot's ship Adventure after Herriot was captured by Teach in March 1718.

|- valign="top"

|David Herriot

|1700s–1718

|Jamaica

|Captain of the Jamaican sloop Adventure, captured by Edward Teach, alias Blackbeard, in 1718. He joined Blackbeard's crew, and later when Stede Bonnet separated from Blackbeard, Herriot became his sailing master. During the Battle of Cape Fear River Herriott was taken by Col. Rhet, of the sloop Royal James, on September 27, 1718. Herriot and boatswain, Ignatius Pell, turned King's evidence at their trial but escaped their Charleston prison on October 25. Herriot was shot and killed on Sullivan Island a few days later. after Jennings' began attacking salvage camps and Spanish, English and French vessels, Jennings was declared a pirate in April 1716. Jennings and his fleet of pirates and privateers subsequently moved to Nassau.

|Henry Johnson

|1730

|Ireland

|Irish pirate active in the Caribbean. He shared captaincy with a Spaniard, Pedro Poleas. Johnson was best known thanks to an autobiography written by a sailor he captured and marooned.

|Evan Jones

|1698–1699

|Wales

|Welsh-born pirate from New York active in the Indian Ocean, best known for his indirect connection to Robert Culliford and for capturing a future Mayor of New York.

|- valign="top"

|John Julian

|d. 1733

|1716–1717

|Miskito origins

|Recorded as the first black pirate to operate in the New World.

|Henry King (pirate)

|1700

|Unknown

|He is best known for attacking the slave ship John Hopewell, whose captured crew turned the tables and took his ship from him.

|- valign="top"

|John King (pirate)

|c. 1706/9–1717

|1716–1717

|England

|Although not ever a captain, King joined the crew of Samuel Bellamy when they boarded the ship he was on, and is one of the youngest known pirates on record. His age is disputed at anywhere from 8–11 years.

|Montigny la Palisse

|1720–1721

|France

|Sailed in consort with Bartholomew Roberts.

|Robert Lane

|d. 1719

|1719

|Unknown

|Was given command of a prize ship by Edward England, which was lost off Brazil with all hands.

|Thomas Larimore

|1677–1706

|Colonial America

|Active in the Caribbean and off the eastern seaboard of the American colonies. After helping suppress Bacon's Rebellion and serving as a militia leader he turned to piracy, operating alongside John Quelch.

|Peter Lawrence

|1693–1705

|Netherlands

|Dutch pirate and privateer active off New England and Newfoundland, and in the Caribbean. His and other pirates' dealings with Rhode Island's governors nearly led to the colony losing its charter.

|John Leadstone / "Old Captain Crackers"

|1704–1721

|Unknown

|A pirate and slave trader active off the west coast of Africa. Often called "Captain Crackers" or "Old Captain Cracker," he is best known for his actions against the English Royal African Company and for his brief involvement with Bartholomew Roberts.

|Francois Le Sage

|d. 1694

|1682–1694

|France or Netherlands

|Pirate and buccaneer active in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is primarily associated with fellow buccaneers Michiel Andrieszoon and Laurens de Graaf.

|Francis Leslie (pirate)

|1717–1718

|England

|He is best known as one of the leaders of the "Flying Gang" of pirates operating out of New Providence.

|- valign="top"

|Olivier Levasseur (Oliver La Buse)

|1688–1730

|1716–1730

|France

|Nicknamed "la Buse" (the Buzzard) for the speed with which he attacked his targets, Levasseur left behind a cryptic message that has yet to be deciphered fully today.

|Philip Roche (pirate)

|1693–1723

|1721

|Ireland

|Active in the seas of northern Europe, best known for murdering the crews and captains of ships he and his men took over.

|Tempest Rogers

|1672–1704

|1693–1699

|England

|A pirate trader active in the Caribbean and off Madagascar. He is best known for his association with William Kidd.

|- valign="top"

|Woodes Rogers

|1679–1732

|1709–1710

|England

|Played a major role in the suppression of pirates in the Caribbean.

|John Russell

|18th century

|1722–1723

|Unknown

|Pirate active from Nova Scotia to the Caribbean to the African coast. He is best known for his association with Edward Low and Francis Spriggs, and for his involvement with two well-known and well-documented maroonings.

|Jasper Seagar

|d. 1721

|1719–1721

|England

|Active in the Indian Ocean, best known for sailing with Edward England, Olivier Levasseur, and Richard Taylor.

|Robert Semple (Richard Sample)

|d. 1719

|1719

|Unknown

|Was given command of a prize ship by Edward England, which was run ashore and captured off Brazil.

|Abraham Samuel

|d.1705

|1696-1705

|Madagascar

|Known as "Deaan Tuley-Noro" or "Tolinar Rex," a mulatto pirate of the Indian Ocean. Briefly led a combined pirate-Antanosy kingdom from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar (modern Tôlanaro).

|Giles Shelley

|d.1710

|1690s-1699

|England

|A pirate trader active between New York and Madagascar. His trips greatly enriched colonial merchants while angering officials.

|Richard Shipton

|d. 1726

|1723–1726

|Unknown

|Active in the Caribbean, best known for sailing alongside Edward Low and Francis Spriggs.

|James Skyrme

|d. 1722

|1720–1722

|Wales

|A Welsh pirate best known for captaining two of Bartholomew Roberts' prize ships.

|- valign="top"

|Francis Spriggs

|d. 1725

|to 1725

|England

|Along with George Lowther and Edward Low, Spriggs was primarily active in the Bay of Honduras during the early 1720s.

|Daniel Stillwell

|1715–1718

|England

|A minor pirate in the Caribbean, best known for his association with Benjamin Hornigold.

|Ralph Stout

|d. 1697

|1692–1697

|Unknown

|Active in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for rescuing fellow pirate Robert Culliford after each of them spent separate 4-year periods in Mughal Empire prisons.

|Thomas Sutton

|1699–1722

|1719–1722

|Scotland

|Active off the coast of Africa. He was best known for sailing alongside Bartholomew Roberts.

|John Swann (pirate)

|1698–1699

|Unknown

|A minor pirate in the Indian Ocean, known almost entirely for speculation about his relationship with Robert Culliford.

|- valign="top"

|John Taylor

|early 18th century

|England

|At Reunion Island, Taylor is reputed to have captured the most valuable prize in pirate history. directed his secretaries Pedro Gual Escandón and Vicente Pazos Kanki to draw up a constitution, and invited all Florida to unite in throwing off the Spanish yoke.

|- valign="top"

| Joseph Baker

| d. 1800

| 1800

| Canada

| The single piratical action of his career consisted of an unsuccessful attempt to commandeer the sloop Eliza.

|- valign="top"

| Renato Beluche

| 1780–1860

| 1803–1823

| Louisiana, New Spain

| A known associate of the Lafitte Brothers active in the Caribbean before joining Simon Bolivar army in his fight for South American independence.

|- valign="top"

| Hippolyte Bouchard

| 1780–1837

| 1817–1819

| France

| A French and Argentine sailor who fought for Argentina, Chile and Peru.

|- valign="top"

| Luis Brion de Trox

| 1782–1821

| 1806–1821

| Curaçao

| Dutch privateer, served to the Republics of Venezuela and Great Colombia.

|- valign="top"

| Flora Burn

| fl. 1741

| 1740s–1750s

| England

| Female pirate active mainly off the East coast of North America from 1741.

|- valign="top"

| Cabeza de Perro

| 1800 – ?

| ?

| Spain

| Was a Spanish pirate. His physical characteristics earned him his nickname, which translates to Dog Head.

|- valign="top"

| Henri Caesar

| early 19th century

| 1805–1830

| Haiti

| Haitian pirate supposedly active in the Caribbean during the early 19th century. Historical existence is doubtful.

|- valign="top"

|Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey

| 1700–1760

| 1720s–1740s

| England

| Cobham and his wife, Maria, were primarily active in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

|- valign="top"

|James Copeland

| 1823–1857

| 1830s–1857

| United States

| A leader of a gang of pirates, smugglers, and outlaws in southern Mississippi and southern Alabama, around Mobile, known as the Wages and Copeland Clan.

|Richard Coyle

|d. 1738

|1738

|England

|He is known for a single incident involving the murder of the Captain of the ship St. John.

|- valign="top"

|Joaquin Crespo

| 1841–1898

| 1888

| Venezuela

|In 1888 A group of Crespo revolutionaries entered the steamer Bolívar, anchored in Port of Spain, Trinidad, to capture it and invade Venezuela to overthrow the President Rojas Paúl, but were discovered and forced to disembark. Another group, waiting on land, began an assault and battle against the crew. British soldiers, with fixed bayonets, boarded and subdued the Venezuelan revolutionaries. From Trinidad, Crespo fled to Saint Thomas, then a Danish Virgin Island. In Charlotte Amalie, Crespo attempted to invade Venezuela aboard the schooner Ana Jacinta. Defeated by the government off shore of Curaçao, he was imprisoned in La Rotunda prison, later pardoned by President Rojas Paúl with the promise of a temporary retirement from politics. He devoted himself to tending his ranch, before going into exile in Peru.

|- valign="top"

|Jacob Pettersson Degenaar

| 1692–1766

| 1740s

| Sweden

|- valign="top"

|Sadie Farrell (Sadie The Goat)

| ?

| 1869

| United States

| An Irish American New York City river pirate and the criminal leader of the Charlton Street Gang in 1869; likely a folklore story.

|- valign="top"

|James Ford

| 1770?–1833

| 1799?–1833

| United States

| A civic leader and business owner in western Kentucky and southern Illinois, secretly, was the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen, along the Ohio River, known as the "Ford's Ferry Gang."

|- valign="top"

| Hezekiah Frith

| Early 19th century

| 1790s–1800s

| Bermuda

| British ship owner and smuggler known as Bermuda's "gentleman privateer". Alleged to have used his business as a cover to withhold cargo sized in privateering expeditions and amass a small fortune.

|- valign="top"

| Vincent Gambi

| d. 1820

| Italy

| A pirate based out of New Orleans, he was an associate of Jean Lafitte.

|- valign="top"

| José Gaspar (Gasparilla)

| 1756–1821

| 1783–1821

| Spain

| Spanish naval officer who turned to piracy and operated from a base in southwest Florida. Although Gaspar is a popular figure in local folklore and was the inspiration for Tampa's Gasparilla Pirate Festival, there is no evidence of his existence.

|- valign="top"

| Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez

| 1853–1883

| 1876–1877

| Peru

| Prado a Peruvian mariner with Cuban revolutionaries seized the Spanish ship Moctezuma in the Caribbean sea at North of La Hispaniola. Renamed as Cespedes failed to liberate Cuba under Spanish rule. Realizing how the ship remained in the hands of the royalist navy, Prado ordered his men to leave and lit a barrel of gunpowder inside of the ammunition storage facilities.

|- valign="top"

| Catherine Hagerty and Charlotte Badger

| early 19th century

| 1806

| England

| Australian convicts. Among a group of convicts taken on board a shorthanded ship as crew. The convicts commandeered the ship and sailed for New Zealand. Hagerty was put ashore and died, Badger was never seen again.

|- valign="top"

| Micajah and Wiley Harpe

| Before 1768–1799 (Micajah) Before 1770–1799 (Wiley)

| 1775?–1799 (Micajah) 1775?–1804 (Wiley)

| United States

| America's first known serial killers, were Loyalists in the American Revolution, as well as, river pirates and highwaymen, who preyed on travelers along the Ohio River and the waterways of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois. The Harpe Brothers were associates of Samuel Mason and Peter Alston.

|- valign="top"

| Pugsy Hurley

| 1846–after 1886

| 1865?–after 1886

| United States

|English-born American burglar, river pirate and underworld figure in New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. An old time thief from the old Seventh Ward, he was also a well-known waterfront thug whose criminal career lasted over two decades. He especially gained notoriety as a member of the Patsy Conroy Gang.

|- valign="top"

|Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah

| 1760–1826

| 1780–1826

| Kuwait

| The most famous pirate in the Persian Gulf, he ruled over Qatar and Dammam for short periods and fought alongside the Wahhabis against the Al-Khalifa tribe of Bahrain.

|- valign="top"

| Bill Johnston

| 1782–1870

| 1810–1860

| United States

| Nicknamed "Pirate of the Thousand Islands".

|- valign="top"

| Edward Jordan

| 1771–1809

| 1794–1809

| Canada

| Irish rebel, fisherman and pirate of Nova Scotia.

|- valign="top"

| Jørgen Jørgensen

| 1780–1841

| 1807–1808

| Denmark

| Danish adventurer and writer, he was captured by the British as a privateer during the Napoleonic Wars.

|- valign="top"

| Jean Lafitte

| c. 1776–1826?

| 1803–1815 1817–1820s

| France

| French pirate (or privateer) active in the Gulf of Mexico during the early 1800s. A wanted fugitive by the United States, he later participated, during the War of 1812, in the Battle of New Orleans on the side of Andrew Jackson and the Americans. In 1822, Lafitte approached the navy of Gran Colombia and Simon Bolivar granted a commission and given a new ship, a 40-ton schooner named General Santander.

|- valign="top"

| Pierre Lafitte

| 1770–1821

| 1803–1821

| France

| French pirate, and lesser-known brother of Jean Lafitte, active mainly in the Gulf of Mexico.

|- valign="top"

| Narciso Lopez

| 1797–1851

| 1850–1851

| Venezuela

| Venezuelan adventurer, enlisted in United States about six hundred filibusters and successfully reached Cuba in May 1850 to liberate the island from Spanish Crown rule. His troops took the town of Cárdenas, carrying a flag that López had designed, which later became the banner of modern Cuba. After another failed attempt to free Cuba he was executed in Havana by the royalists in 1851.

|- valign="top"

| Sam Hall Lord

| 1778–1844

| 1800s–1840s

| Barbados

| Sam Lord was one of the most famous buccaneers on the island of Barbados.

|- valign="top"

| Kazimierz Lux

| 1780–1846

| 1803–1819

| Poland

| The Polish Pirates of the Caribbean. After fighting against a slave rebellion in Haiti, Lux started a career of piracy – shooting and boarding an American brig was one of his more spectacular successes; the vessel was later sold for 20,000 francs in Havana.

|John Macferson

|1731-1732

|England

|Minor English pirate active in the Atlantic. He is best known for a single incident involving a Portuguese ship, and for being one of the last pirates of the Golden Age.

|- valign="top"

| Gregor MacGregor

| 1786–1845

| 1810–1830

| Scotland

| A Scottish adventurer, soldier and land speculator who fought in the Venezuelan and New Granadan struggle for independence. In 1817, led an army of only 150 men in an assault on Amelia Island, Florida. After his return to Britain in 1820, he claimed to be cacique of Poyais a fictional Central American country that MacGregor had invented which, with his promotional efforts, drew investors and eventually colonists.

|- valign="top"

| Francisco de Miranda

| 1750–1816

| 1806

| Venezuela

| Venezuelan militar and adventurer, who organized in 1806 a private expedition from New York with the intention of liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule. On April 28 of 1806 the small fleet was overtaken by Spanish warships off the coast of Venezuela. Only the Leander escaped escorted by HMS Lilly. The Backus and Bee were captured with all the revolutionaries. Sixty men were put on trial for piracy and Ten were sentenced to death in Puerto Cabello. The Leander and the expeditionary force regrouped on the British islands of Barbados and Trinidad. The new expedition assisted by Royal Navy ships landed at La Vela de Coro on August 3, captured the fort and raised the tricolor flag for the first time on Venezuelan soil. Before dawn the next morning the expeditionaries occupied Coro, but found no support from the city residents and Miranda returned to England.

|- valign="top"

| Samuel Mason

| 1739–1803

| to 1803

| United States

| Initially, a Revolutionary War Patriot captain in the Ohio County, Virginia militia and an associate judge and squire in Kentucky, Mason later, ran a gang of highway robbers and waterways river pirates.

|- valign="top"

| John A. Murrell

| 1806?–1844

| to 1834

| United States

| Near-legendary bandit, known as the "Great Western Land Pirate," ran a gang of river pirates and highwaymen along the Mississippi River.

|- valign="top"

| José Antonio Páez

| 1789–1873

| 1849

| Venezuela

|General José Antonio Páez exiled in Curazao invades Venezuela from La Vela de Coro on July 2, 1849, and penetrates as far as Cojedes plains with the support of León de Febres Cordero and his son Ramón Páez with the aime of overhthron the Jose Tadeo Monagas government. Santiago Mariño and José Gregorio Monagas surround Páez's forces. Juan Antonio Sotillo defeats Lorenzo Belisario and Nicasio Belisario at the Manapire Pass on July 17, has their bodies decapitated, and sends the heads to President José Tadeo Monagas. Sotillo also defeated Felipe Macero and José Antonio Páez's rearguard was attacked at the Battle of Casupo, forcing him to capitulate in Macapo to General José Laurencio Silva. In violation of the capitulation, Páez and his men were arrested by Joaquín Herrera.

Páez was exiled in 1850 and did not return until 1858 from New York to involve in the Federal War. In 1861, Páez returned to power as president and supreme dictator, but ruled for only two years before again returning to exile in New York.

|- valign="top"

| Robert Surcouf

| 1779–1823

| 1789–1808

| France

| French privateer and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean between 1789 and 1801, and again from 1807 to 1808, capturing over 40 prizes, while amassing a large fortune as a ship-owner, both from privateering and from commerce.

|- valign="top"

| Rachel Wall

| 1760–1789

| 1781–1782

| Province of Pennsylvania

| Rachel and her husband George Wall were active off the New Hampshire coast until George and the crew were washed out to sea. She was hanged in Boston on 8 October 1789.

|- valign="top"

| William Walker

| 1824–1860

| 1852–1860

| United States

| American lawyer, journalist and adventurer, who organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking colonies under his personal control. Walker became president of the Republic of Nicaragua in 1856 and ruled until 1857, when he was defeated by a coalition of Central American armies. He was executed in Trujillo by the government of Honduras in 1860.

|- valign="top"

| Alexander White

| 1762–1784

| 1784

| East Coast of America

| Hanged for piracy in Cambridge, Massachusetts in November 1784.

|- valign="top"

| Dominique You

| 1775–1830

| 1802–1814

| Haiti

| Acquired a reputation for daring as a pirate. Retired to become a politician in New Orleans.

Renegades of the West Indies: 1820–1830

264x264px|thumb|The last of the successful Caribbean pirates, [[Roberto Cofresí underwent one of the broadest mythifications among Hispanic pirates.]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;"| Name

! style="width:7%;"| Life

! style="width:7%;"| Years active

! style="width:10%;"| Country of origin

! style="width:55%;"| Comments

|- valign="top"

| Mansel Alcantra (Alcantara)

| fl. 1829

| 1820s

| Spain

| In 1829, he captured the Topaz off St. Helena and had the entire crew murdered.

|- valign='top"

| Roberto Cofresí

| 1791–1825

| 1818–1825

| Puerto Rico

|Considered the "last of the [successful] West India pirates", Cofresí avoided capture by the navies of six nations for years and became the final target of the West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations. After being captured by the Puerto Rican militia, he claimed to have a stash of 4,000 pieces of eight hidden, which he tried to use as a bribe.

|- valign="top"

| Diabolito (Little Devil)

| d. 1823

| Cuba

| Cuban-born pirate active in the Caribbean during the early 19th century. He was one of the first pirates to be hunted down by Commodore David Porter and the Mosquito Fleet during the early 1820s.

|- valign="top"

| Charles Gibbs

| 1798–1831

| 1816–1831

| United States

| One of the last pirates active in the Caribbean, and one of the last people executed for piracy by the United States.

|- valign="top"

| "Don" Pedro Gilbert

| 1800–1834

| 1832–1834

| Colombia

| Took part in the last recorded incident of piracy in Atlantic waters.

|- valign="top"

| Benito de Soto

| 1805–1830

| 1827–1830

| Spain

| The most notorious of the last generation to attack shipping on the Atlantic Ocean.

|- valign="top"

|Jacque Alexander Tardy

|1767–1827

|1817–1827

|France

Piracy in East and Southeast Asia: 1400–1860

thumb|160x160px|[[Ching Shih, from China, the most successful female pirate and one of the world's most powerful pirates in history.]]

thumb|160x160px|[[Chui A-poo, a powerful 19th-century Qing Chinese pirate]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;"| Name

! style="width:7%;"| Life

! style="width:7%;"| Years Active

! style="width:10%;"| Country of origin

! style="width:55%;"| Comments

|Chen Zuyi

|−1407

|15th century

|China

|Based operations in Palembang, Sumatra and raided the Malacca Strait. Eventually captured by Ming admiral Zheng He.

|Limahong

|1499–1575

|16th century

|China

|Pirate-warlord who raided the coast of Southern China, the northern Philippine Islands and Manila in 1574.

|Wang Zhi

|−1560

|16th century

|China

|Smuggler turned head of pirate syndicate, raided from Japan to Thailand.

|Lin Daoqian

|−1580s

|16th century

|China

|Led pirate attacks along the coast of Guangdong and Fujian. Driven to Taiwan by the Ming navy commander Yu Dayou.

|- valign="top"

| Tuanku Abbas

| early 19th century

| to 1844

| Malay Archipelago

| The brother of a rajah of Achin, known for his sponsoring and leading of pirate raids.

|- valign="top"

| Eli Boggs

| 1810–1857

| 1830–1857

| United States

| Pirate who sailed in Chinese junk for smuggling.

|- valign="top"

| Cheng I

| d. 1807

| to 1807

| China

| A pirate on the Chinese coast in the 18h and 19th centuries.

|- valign="top"

| Cheung Po Tsai

| early 19th century

| to 1810

| China

| Active along the Guangdong coast and is said to have commanded a fleet of 600 junks.

|- valign="top"

| Ching Shih

| d. 1844

| 1807–1810

| China

| A prominent female pirate in late Qing China. She was a prostitute who married a pirate and rose to prominence after his death. Regarded as one of the most powerful pirates in human history, she commanded her husband's fleet after his death. While the fleet she inherited was already large, she further increased the number of ships and crew. At its height, her fleet was composed of more than 1,500 ships and 80,000 sailors. She controlled much of the waters of the South China Sea. After years of piracy during which she defeated several attempts to capture her, the Qing government offered her peace in 1810 and she was able to retire. She married her second-in-command.

|- valign="top"

| Chui A-poo

| d. 1851?

| 1840s–1850

| China

| Based in Bias Bay east of Hong Kong, Chui preyed on merchant ships in the South China Sea until his fleet was defeated by the Royal Navy in 1849.

|- valign="top"

| Abdulla al-Hadj

| d. 1843

| 1800s

| England/Arabia

| English pirate primarily known for his activity in the South China Sea

|- valign="top"

| Shap Ng-tsai

| fl. 1840s

| 1845–1849

| China

| Commanded around 70 junks in the South China Sea before retiring and accepting a pardon from the Chinese government.

Blackbirders, Shanghaiers, Crimps and African Slave Traders: 1860–1900

thumb|Illustration of bunko Kelly nicknamed king of crimpers

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;"| Name

! style="width:7%;"| Life

! style="width:7%;"| Years Active

! style="width:10%;"| Country of origin

! style="width:55%;"| Comments

|- valign="top"

| Nathaniel Gordon

| 1826–1862

| 1860

| United States

| The first and only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with the Piracy Law of 1820.

|- valign="top"

|Bully Hayes

| 1829–1877

| 1850–1877

| United States

| The Pirate of the South Sea, was a notorious blackbirder in the South Pacific, and was described as "the last of the Buccaneers".

|- valign="top"

|Albert W. Hicks

| 1820–1860

| 1860

| United States

| New York waterfront thug who killed the 3-man crew of an oyster sloop after being shanghaied. He was the last man hanged for piracy in the United States.

|- valign="top"

|James "Shanghai" Kelly

| 1830–1892

| 1850–1870

| United States

|A legendary figure in San Francisco history who owned several boarding houses and saloons, Kelly was renowned for his ability to supply men to understaffed ships. He was reported to have shanghaied 100 men for three ships in a single evening, by hosting a free booze cruise to celebrate his "birthday", then serving opium-laced whiskey to knock out his guests.

|- valign="top"

|Joseph "Bunko" Kelly

| d. aft. 1908

| 1879–1894

| England

|The "King of the Crimps" in Portland, Oregon, he shanghaied over 2,000 men in all. In 1893, he delivered 20+ men who had mistakenly consumed embalming fluid from the open cellar of a mortuary. The ship sailed off before the captain realized most of the men were dead.

|- valign="top"

|Pedro Ñancupel

| 1837–1888

| 1870s–1888

| Chile

|A Pilgerodendron lumberjack turned pirate who was active in Guaitecas Archipelago and other archipelagoes of Patagonia in the 1870s and 1880s. Ñancupel was captured in Melinka in 1886 and bought into justice in Ancud the same year. After escaping from detainment in Ancud he was captured once again and executed by firing squad on November 11, 1888. He was said at the time to have killed 99 persons.

|- valign="top"

|Ben Pease

| 1837–1870

| 1860–1870

| United States

|A New England sea captain who kidnapped Pacific Islanders aboard the Pioneer, providing labor for the plantations of Fiji. When Bully Hayes was arrested for piracy in Samoa, Pease helped him to escape. When next the Pioneer returned to port, Hayes was at the helm, and was rumored to have killed Pease during a fight.

Rebel movements in Latin America and piracy off the coast of Somalia :Piracy from the 20th–21st century 1901–

thumb|Photomontage of Somali pirates on the [[MV Faina|MV Faina]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! style="width:21%;"| Name

! style="width:7%;"| Life

! style="width:7%;"| Years active

! style="width:10%;"| Country of origin

! style="width:55%;"| Comments

|- valign="top"

| "Roaring" Dan Seavey

| 1865–1949

| 1900–1930

| United States

| Active as a "Timber Pirate", "Lake Pirate", and "Great Lakes Pirate", in Wisconsin and Michigan, on the Great Lakes.

|- valign="top"

| Rafael de Nogales Méndez

| 1879–1936

| 1902

| Venezuela

|With the support of president Zelaya of Nicaragua, Nogales participated in a failed attempt to overthrow Venezuelan dictator Cipriano Castro involving an expedition aboard of schooner La Libertad.

|- valign="top"

| Joseph Mortelmans

| 1884–?

| 1907–1908

|Belgium

|A 25-year-old seaman on the Nueva Tigre, a 50-ton sailing ship registered and sailed under the Peruvian flag, forced the captain and mate into the water on 18 November 1907 after departing Callao. He forced the other seaman, a youth named Skerritt, to help sail the ship to the west. The ship's name was changed to be the White Rose. The ship struck the reef of Abemama in the Gilbert Islands on 24 January 1908., This attempt involved the kidnapping of the governor of Curaçao, Leonardus Albert Fruytier, who was hauled off to invade Venezuela on the stolen American steamship Maracaibo to overthrow the dictatorship of General Gomez.

|- valign="top"

| Gustavo Machado Morales

| 1898–1987

| 1929

| Venezuela

|Participated in Rafael Simón Urbina's June 1929 taking of Fort Amsterdam in Curaçao, in another failed attempt to overthrow dictator Juan Vicente Gómez.

|- valign="top"

| Peter de Neumann

| 1917–1972

| 1941

| United Kingdom

| Second Officer aboard the RN prize vessel Criton (captured from the Vichy French). Widely known as "The Man From Timbuctoo".

|- valign="top"

| Boysie Singh

| 1908–1957

| 1947–1956

| Trinidad

| Active in the waters between Venezuela and Trinidad. Singh commonly attacked fishing boats, killing the crew and stealing the boat engine, before sinking the boat and selling the engine.

|- valign="top"

| Henrique Galvão

| 1895–1970

| 1961

| Portugal

|On January 22, 1961, Henrique Galvão led the Santa Maria hijacking, also known as Operation Dulcinea. The liner evaded both the U.S. Navy and British Royal Navy for eleven days before docking safely at Recife, Brazil.

|- valign="top"

| Paul del Rio

| 1943–2015

| 1963

| Venezuela

|On 13 February 1963, Paul del Rio at the age of 19 was the leader of a Venezuelan revolutionary group, the Armed Forces of National Liberation, that seized the Venezuelan cargo ship Anzoategui in the Caribbean, in a failed attempt to overthrow President Romulo Betancourt. Involving 25 men, the ship was hauled off to the Brazilian coast, evading both the Venezuelan Navy and the U.S. Navy.

|- valign="top"

| Asad 'Booyah' Abdulahi

| 1966–

| 1998–

| Somalia

| Somali pirate boss, active in capturing ships in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean for ransoms.

|- valign="top"

| Abdul Hassan

| 1969–

| 2005–

| Somalia

| Somali pirate nicknamed "the one who never sleeps". Leader of the 350-men strong group "Central Regional Coast Guard", active in capturing ships for ransoms.

|- valign="top"

| Mohamed Abdi Hasan "Big Mouth"

| 1990–

| 2005–2012

| Somalia

| He founded the Hobyo-Harardhere Piracy Network in 2005 and rapidly grew to become one of Somalia's biggest pirates. In 2012 he began to leave the piracy "industry" and diversified his holdings into a multinational business empire. He was arrested in Malaysia but was released because he obtained diplomatic immunity, in 2013 he was lured to Belgium and sentenced in 2016 to twenty years in prison.

|- valign="top"

| Abduwali Muse

| 1990–

| 2008–2009

| Somalia

| On 16 February 2011, Muse was a defendant in the first piracy trial in the United States in almost two centuries.

References

External links

;Ancient World

It all began with piracy.
An article about the Roman Navy, with information on Anicetus.
Herodotus – The History of Herodotus, with information on Dionysius the Phocaean.
.

;Middle Ages

Arctic Sailors Escaped from Cyclops
Jean Ango at Encyclopædia Britannica.com
Genealogy – Pier Gerlofs Donia at Langenberg-Laagland.com, see Pier Gerlofs biography, PDF
An article from the English Historical Review, vol. 27 (1912) gives biographical details of Eustace the Monk.
Chronological list of important dates and events in the life of Turgut Reis (Italian)
Agreement on reparations for injuries and damages by vitalians (made between King Henry IV of England and the Hanseatic League)
Magister Wigbold and the Likedeelers (in German)
"Heard at Byland: Wimund's Woes" from Byland Abbey website, Retrieved Jan. 2005.

;Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers (1560–1650)

Two variants on the ballad of Andrew Bartin / Barton.
A short biography of Hendrik Brouwer.
John D. Neville. "History of Thomas Cavendish", Heritage Education Program, US National Park Service.
Christian Isobel Johnstone (1831). Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. Oliver & Boyd. From Google Books.
Christian Isobel Johnstone (1892). Early English voyagers : or, The adventures and discoveries of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. London: Nelson. From Internet Archive
Francois Le Clerc, at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove
Isle of Tortuga: Jacob Collaart
Oliver Seeler's website "Sir Francis Drake"
An exhibit in the National Archives on John Hawkins.
A timeline of Piet Hein's life.
Privateers and Pirates: James Riskinner
Piracy in the Caribbean

;Age of the Buccaneers (1650–1690)

Jean Bart (English)
Un dictionnaire biographique de la flibuste (1648–1688), Biographies – B
Famous Historical Pirates – Edward Collier
John Coxon at The Pirate King
Notable Voyagers, W.H.G. Kingston and Henry Frith – Chapter XXI: Voyages and adventures of William Dampier – from AD 1674
Piracy in the Caribbean

;Golden Age of Piracy (1690–1730)

Brethren of the Coast: Captain Thomas Anstis
Biography of Bartholomew Roberts
The Pirate Cove! – George Booth
National Geographic, "Capt. Samuel Bellamy, Rogue Romeo"
A Biography of Stede Bonnet
Anne Bonny at TheWayofthePirates.com
Christopher Condent at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
Pirate Encyclopedia: Howell Davis
The Pirate Cove! – John Halsey
Biography of Miguel Henríquez
Benjamin Hornigold at TheWayofthePirates.com
Benjamin Hornigold at AgeofPirates.com
Piracy in the Caribbean

;Decline of Piracy (1730–1900)

The California State Military Museum – Spanish and Mexican California: Hippolyte de Bouchard and His Attacks on the California Missions
Hipólito (Hypolite) Bouchard and the Raid of 1818 article at the Monterey County Historical Society official website – URL accessed on December 2, 2005.
American Museum of Natural History – Spanish Colonial History
Gasparilla Pirate Festival
José Gaspar site
Bradlee's account of Gasparilla and the Story of Juan Gomez
Charles Gibbs Treasure
Charles Gibbs at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
Don Pedro Gilbert at Age of Pirates.com
"The Execution of Gordon, The Slave-Trader", Harper's Weekly, March 8, 1862.
"Slave Captain to be Hanged", Worcester Aegis and Transcript, December 7, 1861, p. 1. (From Letters of the Civil War (website), archived at Wayback Machine, November 15, 2004.)
Australian Broadcasting Commission, 22 September 2003, transcript of television program on Jørgen Jørgensen
A biography of Jørgensen
Bell Anthology – Samuel Mason
Cheung Po Tsai Cave at discoverhongkong.com
Piracy in the Caribbean

;Piracy in the 20th and 21st centuries

The Politics of Extinction
Detailed profile of Paul Watson by Raffi Khatchadourian, from The New Yorker, November 5, 2007

List of pirates

Ancient World: 1208 BC–197 AD

Middle Ages: 400–1585

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

Renegades of the West Indies: 1820–1830

Piracy in East and Southeast Asia: 1400–1860

Blackbirders, Shanghaiers, Crimps and African Slave Traders: 1860–1900

Rebel movements in Latin America and piracy off the coast of Somalia :Piracy from the 20th–21st century 1901–

References

Further reading

Ancient World

Middle Ages

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers: 1560–1650

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

Decline of Piracy: 1730–1900

External links