upright=1.3|thumb|The first papal election following ' (1059) took place in [[San Pietro in Vincoli ("Saint Peter in Chains") rather than Old St. Peter's Basilica due to intense secular opposition to the new papal selection process.]]
Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in (1059), ' (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.<!-- Expand situation between 1059 and 1276 -->
Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only five elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace. Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (October 1187), Pisa (December 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, August–September 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (January 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799–1800). Three elections moved between locations while in progress: the elections of 1268–1271, 1292–1294, and 1314–1316.
Papal elections
:Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
thumb|right|210px|SS. Pietro e Cesareo in [[Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome]]
thumb|right|210px|The 1119 papal election took place in [[Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.]]
thumb|right|210px|Senator [[Matteo Rosso Orsini confined the cardinals to the Septizodium during the 1241 election.]]
thumb|right|210px|The Magistrates of Viterbo removed the roof of the [[Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo during the 1268–71 election and removed two cardinal electors from the Palace during the 1280–81 election.]]
thumb|right|210px|The [[Palais des Papes, the site of most conclaves during the Avignon Papacy]]
right|thumb|210px|The [[Konstanz Minster, the site of the Council of Constance, the last papal election outside Italy]]
right|thumb|210px|The [[1492 conclave was the first held in the Sistine Chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the site of all conclaves since 1878.]]
thumb|right|210px|All but five conclaves since 1455 have been held in the [[Apostolic Palace.]]
right|thumb|210px|The [[1799–1800 conclave was held in San Giorgio Monastery in Venice, the last papal election site outside of Rome.]]
thumb|right|210px|The [[Quirinal Palace was the site of the four conclaves prior to the seizure of Rome by the forces of the Italian unification.]]
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope=col |Election
! scope=col |Elected pope
! scope=col |Location
! Eligible electors
! Electors
!Duration
!
|-
! scope=row|
|
| San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome)
| 6<!-- not stated in Baumgartner -->
| 6<!-- not stated in Baumgartner -->
|1 day
|
|-
! scope=row|
|
| Palace of the Popes in Viterbo
|12
|9
|1 day
1 ballot
|
|-
! scope=row|
|
| Basel Münster
|–
|32 (among them only 1 cardinal)
|–
|
|-
! scope=row|
|
| Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel
| 117
| 115 (list)
|2 days
5 ballots
|
|-
! scope=row|
|
| Apostolic Palace (Vatican City), Sistine Chapel
| 135
| 133 (list)
|2 days
4 ballots
|
|}
See also
- Conclave
- List of current cardinals
Notes
References
Literature
- Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. .