thumb|alt=Map of Spain with the province of Jaén highlighted|Map of Spain with the province of Jaén highlighted
thumb|alt=Map of the province of Jaén with its municipalities|Map of the municipalities in the province of Jaén
Jaén is a province in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. The province is divided into 97 municipalities. Spanish census, Jaén is the 27th most populous of Spain's 50 provinces, with inhabitants, and the 14th largest by land area, spanning . Municipalities are the most basic local political division in Spain and can only belong to one province. They enjoy a large degree of autonomy in their local administration, being in charge of tasks such as urban planning, water supply, lighting, roads, local police, and firefighting.
The organisation of municipalities in Spain is outlined by the local government law Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local (), which was passed by the Cortes Generales—Spain’s national parliament—on 2 April 1985 and finalised by royal decree on 18 April 1986. Municipalities in Jaén are also governed by the Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia, which includes provisions concerning their relations with Andalusia's autonomous government. All citizens of Spain are required to register in the municipality in which they reside. Each municipality is a corporation with independent legal personhood: its governing body is called the ayuntamiento (municipal council or corporation), a term often also used to refer to the municipal offices (city and town halls). The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor (), the deputy mayors (tenientes de alcalde) and the councillors (concejales), who form the plenary (pleno), the deliberative body. Municipalities are categorised by population for determining the number of councillors: three when the population is up to 100 inhabitants, five for 101250, seven for 2511,000, nine for 1,0012,000, eleven for 2,0015,000, thirteen for 5,00110,000, seventeen for 10,00120,000, twenty-one for 20,00150,000, and twenty-five for 50,001100,000. One councillor is added for every additional 100,000 inhabitants, with a further one included if the total would otherwise be even, to avoid tied votes.
The mayor and the deputy mayors are elected by the plenary assembly, which is itself elected by universal suffrage. Elections in municipalities with more than 250 inhabitants are carried out following a proportional representation system with closed lists, whilst those with a population lower than 250 use a block plurality voting system with open lists. The plenary assembly must meet periodically, with meetings occurring more or less frequently depending on the population of the municipality: monthly for those whose population is larger than 20,000, once every two months if it ranges between 5,001 and 20,000, and once every three months if it does not exceed 5,000. Many ayuntamientos also have a local governing board (), which is appointed by the mayor from amongst the councillors and is required for municipalities of over 5,000 inhabitants. The board, whose role is to assist the mayor between meetings of the plenary assembly, may not include more than one third of the councillors.
The largest municipality by population in the province as of the 2024 Spanish census is Jaén, its capital, with 111,945 residents, while the smallest is Hinojares, with 349 residents.
!scope="col"| Population<br />(2011 census)
!scope="col"| Population change
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Land area (km²)
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Population density<br />(2024)
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!scope="row" align="center"| Albanchez de Mágina
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!scope="row" align="center"| Alcalá la Real
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!scope="row" align="center"| Alcaudete
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!scope="row" align="center"| Aldeaquemada
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!scope="row" align="center"| Andújar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Arjona
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!scope="row" align="center"| Arjonilla
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!scope="row" align="center"| Arquillos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Arroyo del Ojanco
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!scope="row" align="center"| Baeza
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!scope="row" align="center"| Bailén
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!scope="row" align="center"| Baños de la Encina
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!scope="row" align="center"| Beas de Segura
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!scope="row" align="center"| Bedmar y Garcíez
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!scope="row" align="center"| Begíjar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Bélmez de la Moraleda
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!scope="row" align="center"| Benatae
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cabra del Santo Cristo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cambil
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!scope="row" align="center"| Campillo de Arenas
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!scope="row" align="center"| Canena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Carboneros
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cárcheles
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Castellar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Castillo de Locubín
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cazalilla
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cazorla
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!scope="row" align="center"| Chiclana de Segura
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!scope="row" align="center"| Chilluévar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Escañuela
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!scope="row" align="center"| Espeluy
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!scope="row" align="center"| Frailes
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!scope="row" align="center"| Fuensanta de Martos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Fuerte del Rey
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!scope="row" align="center"| Génave
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Guarromán
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!scope="row" align="center"| Higuera de Calatrava
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!scope="row" align="center"| Hinojares
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!scope="row" align="center"| Hornos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Huelma
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!scope="row" align="center"| Huesa
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!scope="row" align="center"| Ibros
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Iznatoraf
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!scope="row" align="center"| Jabalquinto
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!scope="row" align="left" style="background:#CCF;"|Jaén
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!scope="row" align="center"| Jamilena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Jimena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Jódar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Lahiguera
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!scope="row" align="center"| Larva
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!scope="row" align="center"| Linares
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!scope="row" align="center"| Lopera
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!scope="row" align="center"| Lupión
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!scope="row" align="center"| Mancha Real
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!scope="row" align="center"| Marmolejo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Martos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Mengíbar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Montizón
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!scope="row" align="center"| Navas de San Juan
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!scope="row" align="center"| Noalejo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Orcera
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!scope="row" align="center"| Peal de Becerro
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!scope="row" align="center"| Pegalajar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Porcuna
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!scope="row" align="center"| Pozo Alcón
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!scope="row" align="center"| Puente de Génave
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Quesada
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!scope="row" align="center"| Rus
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!scope="row" align="center"| Sabiote
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santa Elena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santiago-Pontones
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santiago de Calatrava
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santisteban del Puerto
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santo Tomé
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!scope="row" align="center"| Segura de la Sierra
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!scope="row" align="center"| Siles
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!scope="row" align="center"| Sorihuela del Guadalimar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torreblascopedro
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torredelcampo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torredonjimeno
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torreperogil
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torres
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!scope="row" align="center"| Torres de Albánchez
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!scope="row" align="center"| Úbeda
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!scope="row" align="center"| Valdepeñas de Jaén
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!scope="row" align="center"| Vilches
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villacarrillo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villanueva de la Reina
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villanueva del Arzobispo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villardompardo
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villarrodrigo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villatorres
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|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;" style="background: #f2f2f2;"
!scope="row" align="center"| Province of Jaén
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|align="right"|
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;" style="background: #f2f2f2;"
!scope="row" align="center"| Andalusia
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