thumb|alt=Map of Spain with the province of Huelva highlighted|Map of Spain with the province of Huelva highlighted
thumb|alt=Map of the province of Huelva with its municipalities|Map of the municipalities in the province of Huelva
Huelva is a province in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. The province is divided into 79 municipalities. Spanish census, Huelva is the 29th most populous of Spain's 50 provinces, with inhabitants, and the 25th largest by land area, spanning . Municipalities are the most basic local political division in Spain and can only belong to one province. They enjoy a large degree of autonomy in their local administration, being in charge of tasks such as urban planning, water supply, lighting, roads, local police, and firefighting.
The organisation of municipalities in Spain is outlined by the local government law Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local (), which was passed by the Cortes Generales—Spain’s national parliament—on 2 April 1985 and finalised by royal decree on 18 April 1986. Municipalities in Huelva are also governed by the Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia, which includes provisions concerning their relations with Andalusia's autonomous government. All citizens of Spain are required to register in the municipality in which they reside. Each municipality is a corporation with independent legal personhood: its governing body is called the ayuntamiento (municipal council or corporation), a term often also used to refer to the municipal offices (city and town halls). The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor (), the deputy mayors (tenientes de alcalde) and the councillors (concejales), who form the plenary (pleno), the deliberative body. Municipalities are categorised by population for determining the number of councillors: three when the population is up to 100 inhabitants, five for 101250, seven for 2511,000, nine for 1,0012,000, eleven for 2,0015,000, thirteen for 5,00110,000, seventeen for 10,00120,000, twenty-one for 20,00150,000, and twenty-five for 50,001100,000. One councillor is added for every additional 100,000 inhabitants, with a further one included if the total would otherwise be even, to avoid tied votes.
The mayor and the deputy mayors are elected by the plenary assembly, which is itself elected by universal suffrage. Elections in municipalities with more than 250 inhabitants are carried out following a proportional representation system with closed lists, whilst those with a population lower than 250 use a block plurality voting system with open lists. The plenary assembly must meet periodically, with meetings occurring more or less frequently depending on the population of the municipality: monthly for those whose population is larger than 20,000, once every two months if it ranges between 5,001 and 20,000, and once every three months if it does not exceed 5,000. Many ayuntamientos also have a local governing board (), which is appointed by the mayor from amongst the councillors and is required for municipalities of over 5,000 inhabitants. The board, whose role is to assist the mayor between meetings of the plenary assembly, may not include more than one third of the councillors.
The largest municipality by population in the province as of the 2024 Spanish census is Huelva, its capital, with 143,526 residents, while the smallest is Cumbres de Enmedio, with 61 residents.
!scope="col"| Population<br />(2011 census)
!scope="col"| Population change
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Land area (km²)
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Population density<br />(2024)
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!scope="row" align="center"| Alájar
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!scope="row" align="center"| Aljaraque
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!scope="row" align="center"| El Almendro
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!scope="row" align="center"| Almonaster la Real
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!scope="row" align="center"| Almonte
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!scope="row" align="center"| Alosno
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!scope="row" align="center"| Aracena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Aroche
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!scope="row" align="center"| Arroyomolinos de León
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!scope="row" align="center"| Ayamonte
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!scope="row" align="center"| Beas
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!scope="row" align="center"| Berrocal
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!scope="row" align="center"| Bollullos Par del Condado
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!scope="row" align="center"| Bonares
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cabezas Rubias
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cala
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!scope="row" align="center"| Calañas
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Campofrío
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cañaveral de León
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cartaya
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!scope="row" align="center"| Castaño del Robledo
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Chucena
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!scope="row" align="center"| Corteconcepción
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cortegana
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cortelazor
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cumbres de Enmedio
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cumbres de San Bartolomé
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!scope="row" align="center"| Cumbres Mayores
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!scope="row" align="center"| Encinasola
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!scope="row" align="center"| Escacena del Campo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Fuenteheridos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Galaroza
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!scope="row" align="center"| Gibraleón
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Higuera de la Sierra
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!scope="row" align="center"| Hinojales
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!scope="row" align="center"| Hinojos
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!scope="row" align="left" style="background:#CCF;"|Huelva
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!scope="row" align="center"| Isla Cristina
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!scope="row" align="center"| Jabugo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Lepe
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!scope="row" align="center"| Linares de la Sierra
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!scope="row" align="center"| Lucena del Puerto
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!scope="row" align="center"| Manzanilla
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Minas de Riotinto
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!scope="row" align="center"| Moguer
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Nerva
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!scope="row" align="center"| Niebla
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!scope="row" align="center"|
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!scope="row" align="center"| Palos de la Frontera
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!scope="row" align="center"| Paterna del Campo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Paymogo
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!scope="row" align="center"| Puebla de Guzmán
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!scope="row" align="center"| Puerto Moral
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!scope="row" align="center"| Punta Umbría
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!scope="row" align="center"| Rociana del Condado
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!scope="row" align="center"| Rosal de la Frontera
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!scope="row" align="center"| San Bartolomé de la Torre
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!scope="row" align="center"| San Juan del Puerto
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!scope="row" align="center"| Sanlúcar de Guadiana
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!scope="row" align="center"| San Silvestre de Guzmán
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santa Ana la Real
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santa Bárbara de Casa
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!scope="row" align="center"| Santa Olalla del Cala
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!scope="row" align="center"| Trigueros
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!scope="row" align="center"| Valdelarco
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!scope="row" align="center"| Valverde del Camino
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villablanca
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villalba del Alcor
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villanueva de las Cruces
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villanueva de los Castillejos
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!scope="row" align="center"| Villarrasa
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!scope="row" align="center"| Zalamea la Real
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!scope="row" align="center"|
|align="right"|1,191
| colspan=2 align="center"| No data
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!scope="row" align="center"| Zufre
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|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;" style="background: #f2f2f2;"
!scope="row" align="center"| Province of Huelva
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|align="right"|
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;" style="background: #f2f2f2;"
!scope="row" align="center"| Andalusia
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