This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest, overthrown in a coup or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.
Africa
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later<br />imprisonment !! Reason
|-
| || Muhammad VIII al-Amin || || Bey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957) || 1957 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Patrice Lumumba || || Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) || 1961 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Ahmed Ben Bella || || President of Algeria (1963–1965) || 1965 || Overthrown
|-
| 75px|| Ntare V of Burundi || || King of Burundi (1966) || 1966 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Alphonse Massamba-Débat || || President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968) || 1968 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Idris of Libya || || King of Libya (1951–1969) || 1969 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Hamani Diori || || President of Niger (1960–1974) || 1974 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Haile Selassie || || Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974) || 1974 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Moktar Ould Daddah || || President of Mauritania (1960–1978) || 1978 || Overthrown
|-
||| Ali Soilih || || Head of State of the Comoros (1976–1978) || 1978 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|
|Ignatius Kutu Acheampong || || Head of state of Ghana (1972–1978) || 1979 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|
|| Akwasi Afrifa || || Head of state of Ghana (1969–1970) || 1979 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Luís Cabral || || President of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980) || 1980 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla || || President of Mauritania (1980–1984) || 1984 || Colluding with a foreign power
|-
| 75px || Jean-Bédel Bokassa || || President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976)<br />Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979)|| 1987 || Murder
|-
|75px || Mengistu Haile Mariam || || President of Ethiopia (1987–1991) || 1991 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Moussa Traoré || || President of Mali (1968–1991) || 1993 || Overthrown
|-
| || Jean Kambanda || || Prime Minister of Rwanda (1994) || 1998 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Canaan Banana || || President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) || 1999 || Homosexuality
|-
|75px || João Bernardo Vieira || || President of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009) || 1999 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Kumba Ialá || || President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) || 2003 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Pasteur Bizimungu || || President of Rwanda (1994–2000) || 2004 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya || || President of Mauritania (1984–2005) || 2005 || Overthrown
|-
| || Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó || || Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) || 2007 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi || || President of Mauritania (2007–2008) || 2008 || Overthrown
|-
| || Mohamed Bacar || State of Anjouan || President of Anjouan (2001–2008) || 2008 || Illegally entering a country
|-
|75px || Marc Ravalomanana || || President of Madagascar (2005–2009) || 2010 || Murder
|-
|75px || Mamadou Tandja || || President of Niger (1999–2010) || 2010 || Overthrown
|-
| || Eugène Koffi Adoboli || || Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000) || 2011 || Corruption
|-
| || Abuzed Omar Dorda || || Prime Minister of Libya (1990–1994) || 2011 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Baghdadi Mahmudi || || Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) || 2011 || Illegally entering a country
|-
|75px || Muammar Gaddafi || || Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) & Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) || 2011 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Hosni Mubarak || || President of Egypt (1981–2011) || 2011 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Zine El Abidine Ben Ali || || President of Tunisia (1987–2011) || 2011 || Overthrown
|-
| 75px || Charles Taylor || || President of Liberia (1997–2003) || 2012 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Raimundo Pereira || || President of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012) || 2012 || Overthrown
|-
| 75px || François Bozizé || || President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) || 2013 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Ephraïm Inoni || || Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009) || 2013 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Mohamed Morsi || || President of Egypt (2012–2013) || 2013 || Overthrown
|-
| 75px || Hissène Habré || || President of Chad (1982–1990) || 2016 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Robert Mugabe || || Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)<br />President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017) || 2017 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Hama Amadou || || Prime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007) || 2017 || Child smuggling
|-
|75px || Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi || || President of the Comoros (2006–2011) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Youcef Yousfi || || Prime Minister of Algeria (2014) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Abdelmalek Sellal || || Prime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ahmed Ouyahia || || Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Omar al-Bashir || || President of Sudan (1989–2019) || 2019 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Guillaume Soro || || Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) || 2020 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Tom Thabane || || Prime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020) || 2020 || Murder
|-
|75px || Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta || || President of Mali (2013–2020) || 2020 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Pierre Habumuremyi || || Prime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014) || 2020 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Bah Ndaw || || President of Mali (2020–2021) || 2021 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Moctar Ouane || || Prime Minister of Mali (2020–2021) || 2021 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Yahya Ould Hademine || || Prime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir || || Prime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Alpha Condé || || President of Guinea (2010–2021) || 2021 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Roch Marc Christian Kaboré || || President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022) || 2022 || Overthrown
|-
|left|frameless|111x111px
|Moussa Dadis Camara
|
|President of Guinea (2008–2010)
|2022
|Imprisoned before trial
|-
|75px || Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba || || President of Burkina Faso (2022) || 2022 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Ibrahima Kassory Fofana || || Prime Minister of Guinea (2018–2021) || 2022 || Embezzlement
|-
|75px || Blaise Compaoré || || President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014) || 2022 || Murder
|-
| 75px|| Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni || || Prime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022) || 2023 || Attempted coup
|-
| 75px|| Noureddine Bedoui || || Prime Minister of Algeria (2019) || 2023 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Mohamed Bazoum || || President of Niger (2021–2023) || 2023 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Ali Bongo Ondimba || || President of Gabon (2009–2023) || 2023 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Ali Laarayedh || || Prime Minister of Tunisia (2013–2014) || 2025 || Terrorism
|-
|75px || Youssef Chahed || || Prime Minister of Tunisia (2016–2020) || 2025 || Terrorism
|-
|75px || Matata Ponyo Mapon || || Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2012–2016) || 2025 || Corruption
|}
Asia
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later<br />imprisonment !! Reason
|-
| || Li Si || || Imperial Chancellor (208 BC) || 208 BC || Treason (Executed by Waist chop)
|-
|75px || Zhao Gao || || Imperial Chancellor (208–207 BC) || 207 BC || Overthrown (Stabbed to death)
|-
|75px || Ziying of Qin || || Ruler of Qin (207 BC) || 206 BC || Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Huai of Jin || || Emperor of China (Western Jin) (307–311) || 313 || Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Min of Jin || || Emperor of China (Western Jin) (313–316) || 318 || Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Tianzuo of Liao || || Emperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125) || 1156 || Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
|-
|75px || Qinzong of Song || || Emperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127) || 1127 || Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
|-
|75px || Wen Tianxiang || || Grand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278) || 1283 || Treason (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Puyi || || Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945) and Emperor of China (1908–1912) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Chen Gongbo || Collaborationist China || President of the Republic of China (1944–1945) || 1946 || Treason (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Liang Hongzhi || Collaborationist China || President of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940) || 1946 || Treason (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Kōki Hirota || || Prime Minister of Japan (1936–1937) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Hiranuma Kiichirō || || Prime Minister of Japan (1939) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Kuniaki Koiso || || Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Masaharu Homma || || Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Shigenori Kuroda || || Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Tomoyuki Yamashita || || Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Jirō Minami || || Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Takashi Sakai || || Governor of Hong Kong (1941–1942) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Rensuke Isogai || || Governor of Hong Kong (1942–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Hisakazu Tanaka || || Governor of Hong Kong (1945) || 1947 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Yoshijirō Umezu || || Governor-General of Kwantung (1939–1944) || 1948 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Heitarō Kimura || || Governor of Hong Kong (1944–1945) || 1948 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Hideki Tojo || || Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944) || 1948 || Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Faisal II of Iraq || || King of Iraq (1939–1958) || 1958 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Nuri al-Said || || Prime Minister of Iraq (1930–1958) || 1958 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Adnan Menderes || || Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960) || 1960 || Treason (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Celâl Bayar || || President of Turkey (1950-1960) || 1960 || Treason
|-
| || Liu Shaoqi || || Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1958–1968) || 1968 || Treason
|-
|75px || Said bin Taimur || || Sultan of Oman (1932–1970) || 1970 || Overthrown
|-
|109x109px||Tajuddin Ahmad || || Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1971–1972) || 1975 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Muhammad Mansur Ali || || Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975) || 1975 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Mohammad Reza Pahlavi || || Shah of Iran (1941–1979) || 1979 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Zulfikar Ali Bhutto || || President of Pakistan (1971–1973)<br />Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977) || 1979 || Murder (Hanging)
|-
|75px || Kakuei Tanaka || || Prime Minister of Japan (1972–1974) || 1983 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Zhao Ziyang || || General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989)<br />Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987) || 1989 || Politically purged
|-
|75px || Hussain Muhammad Ershad || || President of Bangladesh (1983–1990) || 1990 || Corruption
|-
|||Mohammad Najibullah || || President of Afghanistan (1987–1992) || 1992 || Overthrown (Tortured to death)
|-
|75px || Tursunbek Chyngyshev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1992–1993) || 1994 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Chun Doo-hwan || || President of South Korea (1980-1988) || 1996 || Treason
|-
|75px || Roh Tae-woo || || President of South Korea (1988–1993) || 1996 || Treason
|-
|75px || Akezhan Kazhegeldin || || Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997) || 1998 || Tax evasion
|-
|75px || Necmettin Erbakan || || Prime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997) || 1998 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Benazir Bhutto || || Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 & 1993–1996) || 1999 || Corruption
|-
|75px || P. V. Narasimha Rao || || Prime Minister of India (1991–1996) || 2000 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Suharto || || President of Indonesia (1968–1998) || 2000 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ne Win || || Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960 & 1962–1974)<br />President of Burma (1974–1981) || 2002 || Treason
|-
|75px || Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi || || Prime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993) || 2003 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Sa'dun Hammadi || || Prime Minister of Iraq (1991) || 2003 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Saddam Hussein || || President of Iraq (1979–2003) || 2003 || Overthrown (Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Khin Nyunt || || Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004) || 2005 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Joseph Estrada || || President of the Philippines (1998–2001) || 2007 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Norodom Ranariddh || || Prime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997) || 2007 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Chen Shui-bian || || President of the Republic of China (2000–2008) || 2009 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Abdul Kabir || || Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001, 2023) || 2010 || Terrorism
|-
|75px || Moshe Katsav || || President of Israel (2000-2007) || 2011 || Rape
|-
|rowspan=2|108x108px|| rowspan="2" | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ||rowspan=2| ||rowspan=2|President of the Philippines (2001–2010)|| 2011 || Hospital arrest. Election fraud charges, later dismissed
|-
| 2012 || Hospital arrest. Corruption charges, later dismissed
|-
|75px || Yousaf Raza Gillani || || Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012) || 2012 || Contempt of court
|-
|75px || Nambaryn Enkhbayar || ||Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)<br />President of Mongolia (2005–2009)|| 2012 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Abdumalik Abdullajanov || || Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993) || 2013 || Attempted assassination
|-
| || Daniar Usenov || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010) || 2013 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ehud Olmert || || Prime Minister of Israel (2006-2009) || 2014 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Raja Pervaiz Ashraf || || Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013) || 2014 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Khieu Samphan || || Chairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979) || 2014 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Nuon Chea || || Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1976) || 2014 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Kenan Evren || || President of Turkey (1980–1989) || 2014 || Treason
|-
|75px || Serik Akhmetov || || Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–2014) || 2015 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Han Myeong-sook || || Prime Minister of South Korea (2006–2007) || 2015 || Bribery
|-
||75px || Mohamed Nasheed || || President of the Maldives (2008-2012) || 2015 || Terrorism
|-
|75px || Lee Wan-koo || || Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) || 2016 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Igor Chudinov || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2007–2009) || 2017 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Yingluck Shinawatra || || Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014) || 2017 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Choi Kyoung-hwan || || Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) || 2018 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Chimediin Saikhanbileg || ||Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014–2016) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Sanjaagiin Bayar || ||Prime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Maumoon Abdul Gayoom || || President of the Maldives (1978–2008) || 2018 || Treason
|-
|75px || Lee Myung-bak || || President of South Korea (2008–2013) || 2018 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Park Geun-hye || || President of South Korea (2013–2017) || 2018 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Khaleda Zia || || Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996 & 2001–2006) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Nawaz Sharif || || Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999 & 2013–2017) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ma Ying-jeou || || President of the Republic of China (2008-2016) || 2018 || Leaking classified information
|-
|75px || Abdulla Yameen || || President of the Maldives (2013–2018) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Thaksin Shinawatra || || Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Nur Bekri || || Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region<br />People's Government (2008–2014) || 2019 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Pervez Musharraf || || President of Pakistan (2001–2008) || 2019 || Treason
|-
|75px || Asif Ali Zardari || || President of Pakistan (2008–2013, 2024–present) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Najib Razak || || Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Zhantoro Satybaldiyev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–2014) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Sapar Isakov || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017–2018) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Dendeviin Terbishdagva || || Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014) || 2020 || Abuse of power
|-
|75px || Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat || || Prime Minister of Mongolia (2016–2017) || 2020 || Abuse of power
|-
| || Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan || || Prime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998) || 2020 || Abuse of power
|-
|75px || Win Myint || || President of Myanmar (2018–2021) || 2021 (pardoned and released 2026) || Corruption, incitement of opposition, violations of COVID-19 protocols
|-
|75px || Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2018–2020) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ömürbek Babanov || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2012) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
| || Kubanychbek Jumaliyev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Temir Sariyev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2015–2016) || 2021 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Djoomart Otorbaev || || Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014–2015) || 2022 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Imran Khan || || Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) || 2023 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Yoon Suk Yeol || || President of South Korea (2022–2025) || 2026 || Insurrection
|-
|75px || Han Duck-soo || || President of South Korea (2024–2025) || 2026 || Insurrection
|}
Europe
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width=75 class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later imprisonment !! Reason
|-
|75px || Valerian || Roman Empire || Emperor of Rome (253–260) || 260 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Mary, Queen of Scots || || Queen of Scotland (1542–1567) || 1587 || Treason (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Charles I of England || , & || King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–1649) || 1649 || Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Louis XVI || || King of France (1774–1792) || 1793 || Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
|-
|75px || Lajos Batthyány || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848) || 1849 ||Overthrown<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Nicholas II of Russia || || Emperor of Russia (1894–1917) || 1917 ||Overthrown<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Carol II of Romania || || King of Romania (1930–1940) || 1940 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Géza Lakatos || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Bogdan Filov || || Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1940–1943) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Dobri Bozhilov || || Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943–1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity<br /> (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Benito Mussolini || || Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1945) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Philippe Pétain || || Chief of the Government (1940)<br />Chief of the French State (1940–1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity and Treason
|-
|75px || Pierre Laval || || Chief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity and Treason<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Vidkun Quisling || || Minister President of Norway (1942–1945) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity and Treason<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Risto Ryti || || President of Finland (1940–1944) || 1945 || Treason
|-
|75px || Ibrahim Biçakçiu || || Prime Minister of Albania (1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity
|-
| || Georgios Tsolakoglou || || Prime Minister of Greece (1941–1942) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity and Treason
|-
|75px || Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov || || Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Petar Gabrovski || || Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943) || 1945 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Wilhelm Frick || || Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Ferenc Szálasi || || Head of State of Hungary (1944–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Döme Sztójay || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Karl Hermann Frank || || Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Hans Frank || || Governor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Kurt Daluege || || Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Kostaq Kotta || || Prime Minister of Albania (1928–1930 & 1936–1939) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Béla Imrédy || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938–1939) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Ion Antonescu || || Prime Minister of Romania (1940–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Ioannis Rallis || || Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity and Treason
|-
|75px || Konstantinos Logothetopoulos || || Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity and Treason
|-
|75px || Arthur Seyss-Inquart || || Chancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940–1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || László Bárdossy || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1942) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Karl Dönitz || || President of the German Reich (1945) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Johan Wilhelm Rangell || || Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Edwin Linkomies || || Prime Minister of Finland (1943–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Konstantin von Neurath || || Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity
|-
| 75px || Jan Syrový || || Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938) || 1945 || Treason
|-
| 75px || Rudolf Beran || || Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)<br />Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939) || 1941 & 1945 || Treason
|-
| 75px || Emil Hácha || || President of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)<br />President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945) || 1945 || Treason
|-
| 75px || Alois Eliáš || || Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941) || 1941 || Treason (Executed by firing squad)
|-
| 75px || Jaroslav Krejčí || || Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1945) || 1945 || Treason
|-
| 75px || Richard Bienert || || Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945) || 1945 || Treason
|-
|75px || Vojtech Tuka || || Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939–1944) || 1946 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Jozef Tiso || || President of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945) || 1947 || Crimes against humanity<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Hinrich Lohse || || Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1941–1944)<br />Oberpräsident of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein (1933–1945)<br />Gauleiter of Gau Schleswig-Holstein (1925–1945) || 1948 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Erich Koch || || Gauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928–1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933–1945)<br />Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944)<br />Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944–1945) || 1950 || Crimes against humanity
|-
| || Eggert Reeder || || Administrator of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944) || 1951 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Alexander von Falkenhausen || || Governor of Belgium and Northern France (1940–1944) || 1951 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Konstantin Päts || || President of Estonia (1938–1940) || 1952 || Anti-Soviet agitation
|-
|75px || Imre Nagy || || Prime Minister of Hungary (1953–1955 & 1956) || 1958 || Overthrown<br />(Executed by hanging)
|-
|75px || Zoltán Tildy || || Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946) & President of Hungary || 1958 || Overthrown
|-
|75px|| Georgios Zoitakis || || Regent of Greece (1967–1972) || 1974|| Treason and Insurrection
|-
| || Georgios Papadopoulos || || President of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967–1973) || 1974|| Treason and Insurrection
|-
|75px || Wojciech Jaruzelski || || President of Poland (1981–1989) || 1989 || Treason and Corruption
|-
|75px || Nicolae Ceaușescu || || President of Romania (1974–1989) || 1989|| Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Todor Zhivkov || || General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989) || 1990 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Egon Krenz || || Chairman of the State Council (1989) || 1990 || Manslaughter
|-
|75px || Erich Honecker || || General Secretary of East Germany (1971–1989) || 1992 || Manslaughter
|-
|||Adil Çarçani || || Prime Minister of Albania (1981–1991) || 1994 || Abuse of office
|-
|75px || Biljana Plavšić || || President of Republika Srpska (1996–1998) || 2003 || Crimes against humanity
|-
| 75px || Milan Babić || || President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)<br />Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995) || 2004 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Pavlo Lazarenko || || Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997) || 2004 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Momčilo Krajišnik || || Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998) || 2006 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px ||Ramiz Alia || || President of Albania (1991–1992) || 2006 || Murder
|-
|75px || Milan Martić || || President of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995) || 2007 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Vlado Bučkovski || || Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006) || 2008 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Nikola Šainović || || Prime Minister of Serbia (1993–1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994–2000) || 2009 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Yulia Tymoshenko || || Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010) || 2011 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Jacques Chirac || || Prime Minister of France (1974–1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995–2007) || 2011 || Corruption
|-
|75px || José Sócrates || || Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) || 2014 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Vano Merabishvili || || Prime Minister of Georgia (2012) || 2014 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Adrian Năstase || || Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004) || 2014 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Svetozar Marović || || President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) || 2016 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Vlad Filat || || Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013) || 2016 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Radovan Karadžić || || President of Republika Srpska (1992–1996) || 2016 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Robert Kocharyan || || President of Armenia (1998–2008) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ivo Sanader || || Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Mykola Azarov || || Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014) || 2019 || Treason
|-
|75px || Viktor Yanukovych || || President of Ukraine (2010–2014) || 2019 || Treason
|-
|-
|75px || François Fillon || || Prime Minister of France (2007–2012) || 2020 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Nicolas Sarkozy || || President of France (2007–2012) || 2021 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Mikheil Saakashvili || || President of Georgia (2004–2007 & 2008–2013) || 2021 || Abuse of power
|-
|75px || Nikola Gruevski || || Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2006–2016) || 2022 || Money laundering
|-
|75px || Igor Dodon || || President of Moldova (2016–2020) || 2022 || Corruption and Treason
|-
|75px || Fadil Novalić || || Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015–2023) || 2023 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Sebastian Kurz || || Chancellor of Austria (2017–2019 2020-2021) || 2024 || Perjury
|}
North America
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later<br />imprisonment !! Reason
|-
|75px || José Damián Villacorta || || Head of State of El Salvador (1830) || 1832 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Jefferson Davis || || President of the Confederate States of America (1862–1865) || 1865 || Treason
|-
|75px || Gerardo Barrios || || President of El Salvador (1858, 1859–1860, 1861–1863) || 1865 || Overthrown
|-
|75px
|Maximilian I of Mexico
|
|Emperor of Mexico (1864-1867)
|1867
|Conspiring to overthrow the government (executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px
|Francisco I. Madero
|
|President of Mexico (1911–1913)
|1913
|Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Oreste Zamor || || President of Haiti (1914) || 1915 || Illegal entry
|-
|75px || Élie Lescot || || President of Haiti (1941–1946) || 1946 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Salvador Castaneda Castro || || President of El Salvador (1945–1948) || 1948 || Overthrown, corruption
|-
|75px || Franck Sylvain || || President of Haiti (1957) || 1957 || Overthrown
|-
| || Maurice Bishop || || Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983) || 1983 || Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
|-
|75px || Norman Saunders || || Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985) || 1985 || Drug smuggling
|-
|75px || Bernard Coard || || Prime Minister of Grenada (1983) || 1986 || Murder
|-
| || Salvador Jorge Blanco || || President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986) || 1988 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Manuel Noriega || || President of Panama (1983–1989) || 1989 || Drug trafficking
|-
|75px || Prosper Avril || || President of Haiti (1988–1990) || 2001 || Conspiracy, murder
|-
|75px || Arnoldo Alemán || || President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) || 2003 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Basdeo Panday || || Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) || 2006 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Manuel Zelaya || || President of Honduras (2006–2009) || 2009 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier || || President of Costa Rica (1990–1994) || 2009 || Corruption
|-
|75px ||Miguel Ángel Rodríguez || || President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) || 2011 || Corruption
|-
||75px || Ernesto Pérez Balladares || || President of Panama (1994-1999) || 2012 || Money laundering
|-
|75px || McKeeva Bush || || Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012) || 2012 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Jean-Claude Duvalier || || President of Haiti (1971–1986) || 2013 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Efraín Ríos Montt || || President of Guatemala (1982–1983) || 2014 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Alfonso Portillo || || President of Guatemala (2000–2004) || 2014 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Otto Pérez Molina || || President of Guatemala (2010–2015) || 2015 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Gerrit Schotte || || Prime Minister of Curacao (2010–2012) || 2016 || Bribery
|-
|75px || David Brandt || || Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001) || 2015 || Child sex abuse
|-
|75px || Álvaro Colom || || President of Guatemala (2008–2012) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Antonio Saca || || President of El Salvador (2004–2009) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Michael Misick || || Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2006)<br />Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006–2009) || 2019 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Juan Orlando Hernández || || President of Honduras (2014–2022) || 2022 || Drug trafficking
|-
|75px || Andrew Fahie || || Premier of the Virgin Islands (2019–2022) || 2022 || Drug trafficking
|}
Oceania
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later imprisonment !! Reason
|-
|75px || Steve Christian || || Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) || 2004 || Child sex abuse
|-
|75px || Laisenia Qarase || || Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2006) || 2012 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Gaston Flosse || || President of French Polynesia (1984–1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014) || 2013 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Mahendra Chaudhry || || Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000) || 2014 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Moana Carcasses Kalosil || || Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2013–2014) || 2015 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Serge Vohor || || Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1995–1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011) || 2015 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Mike Warren || || Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013) || 2016 || Child sex abuse
|-
|75px || Oscar Temaru || || President of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013) || 2019 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō || || Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014) || 2020 || Bribery
|-
|75px || Frank Bainimarama || || Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022) || 2023 || Abuse of Office
|-
|75px || Peter O'Neill || || Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011–2019) || 2023 || Abuse of Office
|}
South America
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!class=unsortable|Portrait !! Name!! Countries !! Official position !! Later imprisonment !! Reason
|-
|frameless|89x89px
|José María Vargas
|
|President of Venezuela (1835–1836)
|1835
|Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms
|-
|frameless|112x112px
|José Antonio Páez
|
|President of Venezuela (1830–1835)
|1849
|Prisoner of war
|-
|frameless|84x84px
|José Gregorio Monagas
|
|President of Venezuela (1851–1855)
|1858
|March Revolution
|-
|frameless|99x99px
|Julián Castro
|
|President of Venezuela (1858–1859)
|1859
|Overthrown
|-
|75px
|Washington Luís
|
|President of Brazil (1926–1930)
|1930
|Overthrown
|-
|frameless|104x104px
|Isaías Medina Angarita
|
|President of Venezuela (1941–1945)
|1945
|Overthrown
|-
|frameless|90x90px
|Rómulo Gallegos
|
|President of Venezuela (1948)
|1948
|Overthrown
|-
|75px
|Café Filho
|
|President of Brazil (1954–1955)
|1955
|Attempted coup
|-
|frameless|76x76px
|Marcos Pérez Jiménez
|
|President of Venezuela (1953–1958)
|1963
|Corruption
|-
|75px
|João Goulart
|
|President of Brazil (1961–1964)
|1964
|Overthrown
|-
|75px
|Isabel Perón
|
|President of Argentina (1974–1976)
|1976
|Overthrown
|-
|75px || Henck Arron || || Prime Minister of Suriname (1975–1980) || 1980 || Overthrown
|-
|75px || Roberto Eduardo Viola || || President of Argentina (1981) || 1983 || Murder
|-
|75px || Leopoldo Galtieri || || President of Argentina (1981–1982) || 1986 || Mishandling of the Falklands War
|-
|75px || Luis García Meza || || President of Bolivia (1980–1981) || 1995 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|frameless|100x100px
|Carlos Andrés Pérez
|
|President of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993)
|1996
|Corruption
|-
|75px || Augusto Pinochet || || President of Chile (1974–1990) || 1998 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Fabián Alarcón || || President of Ecuador (1997–1998) || 1999 || Fraud
|-
|frameless|70x70px
|Hugo Chávez
|
|President of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013)
|2002
|Attempted coup
|-
|75px || Errol Alibux || || Prime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984) || 2003 || Forgery
|-
|75px || Luis Ángel González Macchi || || President of Paraguay (1999–2003) || 2006 || Corruption
|-
||75px || Gregorio Conrado Álvarez || || President of Uruguay (1981–1985) || 2007 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Alberto Fujimori || || President of Peru (1990–2000) || 2009 || Corruption and human rights violations
|-
|75px || Reynaldo Bignone || || President of Argentina (1982–1983) || 2010 || Murder
|-
|75px || Jorge Rafael Videla || || President of Argentina (1976–1981) || 2010 || Murder
|-
|75px || Juan María Bordaberry || || President of Uruguay (1972–1976) || 2010 || Crimes against humanity
|-
|75px || Jamil Mahuad || || President of Ecuador (1998–2000) || 2014 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Ollanta Humala || || President of Peru (2011–2016) || 2017 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva || || President of Brazil (2003–2010 & 2023–present) || 2018 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Alejandro Toledo || || President of Peru (2001–2006) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Pedro Pablo Kuczynski || || President of Peru (2016–2018) || 2019 || Corruption
|-
|75px || Michel Temer || || President of Brazil (2016–2018) || 2019 || Corruption and money laundering
|-
|75px || Álvaro Uribe || || President of Colombia (2002–2010) || 2020 || Bribery and witness tampering
|-
|75px || Jeanine Áñez || || President of Bolivia (2019–2020) || 2021 || Breach of duties
|-
|75px || Dési Bouterse || || President of Suriname (2010–2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1987) || 2022 || Murder
|-
|75px || Pedro Castillo || || President of Peru (2021–2022) || 2022 || Treason, rebellion, and corruption
|-
|75px || Cristina Fernández de Kirchner || || President of Argentina (2007–2015), Vice President of Argentina (2019–2023) || 2022 || Fraud
|-
|75px || Fernando Collor || || President of Brazil (1990-1992) || 2025 || Corruption
|-
|left|frameless|119x119px
|Jair Bolsonaro
|
|President of Brazil (2019-2023)
|2025
|Violation of judicial precautionary measures before his trial for attempted coup d'état. After his conviction, the provisional detention was converted into definitive imprisonment
|-
|89px
|Luis Arce
|
|President of Bolivia (2020-2025)
|2025
|Corruption.
|-
|left|135x135px
|Nicolás Maduro
|
|President of Venezuela (2013-2026)
|2026
|Captured by U.S. forces in January 2026 and taken to New York to face federal charges of drug trafficking and narco-terrorism, in a military operation that also overthrew his government in Caracas.
|}
See also
- List of former heads of regimes who were sentenced to death