The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (New Hampshire being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms. Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms. Isaac Tichenor, Jonas Galusha, Erastus Fairbanks, and Richard A. Snelling each served non-consecutive terms, while Thomas Chittenden served non-consecutive terms as governor of the Vermont Republic.
Mountain Rule
From the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates.
Under the original provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of the Green Mountains and one resided on the west side. The expanded version of the rule called for the governorship and lieutenant governorship to alternate between residents of the east and west side. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likely Republican candidates for office in Vermont agreed to abide by the expanded Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long political dispute between the Proctor (conservative) and Aiken–Gibson (progressive) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election of U.S. Senators; and several active third parties, including the Progressives, the Prohibition Party, and the Local Option movement. In the 1960s, the rise of the Vermont Democratic Party and the construction of Interstate 89 also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Although I-89 is a north–south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided.
List of governors
Vermont Republic
The Vermont Republic declared independence from Great Britain on January 15, 1777.
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the Republic of Vermont
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|
!scope="colgroup" colspan="2"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="col"|Lt. Governor
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="12" scope="rowgroup"|1
|rowspan="12" data-sort-value="Chittenden, Thomas"|75px
|rowspan="12"|Thomas Chittenden<br><br>
|rowspan="12"|<br />–<br />October 13, 1789<br>
|rowspan="12"|No party
|1778
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
| 1778
|- style="height:2em;"
|1779
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1780
|- style="height:2em;"
|1781
|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1782
|rowspan="4"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1783
|- style="height:2em;"
|1784
|- style="height:2em;"
|1785
|- style="height:2em;"
|1786
|rowspan="4"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1787
|- style="height:2em;"
|1788
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Robinson, Moses"|75px
|Moses Robinson<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 20, 1790<br><br />–<br />March 4, 1791<br>
|No party
|1790
|
|}
State of Vermont
Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the State of Vermont
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|
!scope="colgroup" colspan="3"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="colgroup" colspan="2"|Lt. Governor
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="6" scope="rowgroup"|1
|rowspan="6" data-sort-value="Chittenden, Thomas"|75px
|rowspan="6" style="background:;"|
|rowspan="6"|Thomas Chittenden<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 16, 1797<br>
|Democratic-<br>Republican
|style="background:#EEEEEE;"|
|colspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE;"|Vacant
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="10" scope="rowgroup"|3
|rowspan="10" data-sort-value="Tichenor, Isaac"|75px
|rowspan="10" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="10"|Isaac Tichenor<br><br>
|rowspan="10"|<br />–<br />October 9, 1807<br>
|<br />–<br />October 14, 1808<br><br />–<br />October 14, 1809<br>
|rowspan="4"|<br />–<br />October 23, 1813<br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 14, 1815<br><br />–<br />October 13, 1820<br>
|rowspan="5"|Democratic-<br>Republican
|1815
|rowspan="15" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="5"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1816
|- style="height:2em;"
|1817
|- style="height:2em;"
|1818
|- style="height:2em;"
|1819
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|9
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Skinner, Richard"|75px
|rowspan="3"|Richard Skinner<br><br>
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />October 10, 1823<br>
|rowspan="3"|Democratic-<br>Republican
|1820
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1821
|- style="height:2em;"
|1822
|rowspan="5"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|10
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Van Ness, Cornelius"|75px
|rowspan="3"|Cornelius P. Van Ness<br><br>
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />October 13, 1826<br>
|rowspan="3"|Democratic-<br>Republican
|1823
|- style="height:2em;"
|1824
|- style="height:2em;"
|1825
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|11
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Butler, Ezra"|75px
|rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|Ezra Butler<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 10, 1828<br>
|rowspan="2"|National<br>Republican
|1826
|- style="height:2em;"
|1827
|rowspan="3"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|12
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Crafts, Samuel"|75px
|rowspan="3"|Samuel C. Crafts<br><br>
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />October 18, 1831<br>
|rowspan="3"|National<br>Republican
|1828
|- style="height:2em;"
|1829
|- style="height:2em;"
|1830
|style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="4" scope="rowgroup"|13
|rowspan="4" data-sort-value="Palmer, William"|75px
|rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="4"|William A. Palmer<br><br>
|rowspan="4"|<br />–<br />November 2, 1835<br>
|rowspan="6"|<br />–<br />October 18, 1841<br>
|rowspan="6"|Whig
|1835
|rowspan="18" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|style="background:#EEEEEE;"|Acting as governor
|- style="height:2em;"
|1836
|rowspan="5"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1837
|- style="height:2em;"
|1838
|- style="height:2em;"
|1839
|- style="height:2em;"
|1840
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|15
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Paine, Charles"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Charles Paine<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 13, 1843<br>
|rowspan="2"|Whig
|1841
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1842
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|16
|data-sort-value="Mattocks, John"|75px
|John Mattocks<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 11, 1844<br>
|Whig
|1843
|rowspan="3"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|17
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Slade, William"|75px
|rowspan="2"|William Slade<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 9, 1846<br>
|rowspan="2"|Whig
|1844
|- style="height:2em;"
|1845
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|18
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Eaton, Horace"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Horace Eaton<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 19, 1848<br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 12, 1850<br>
|rowspan="2"|Whig
|1848
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1849
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|20
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Williams, Charles"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Charles K. Williams<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 18, 1852<br>
|rowspan="2"|Whig
|1850
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1851
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|21
|data-sort-value="Fairbanks, Erastus"|75px
|Erastus Fairbanks<br><br>
|<br />–<br />November 1, 1853<br>
|<br />–<br />October 13, 1854<br>
|Democratic
|1853
|style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|23
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Royce, Stephen"|75px
|style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|Stephen Royce<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 10, 1856<br>
|Whig
|1854
|style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="64" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|Republican
|1855
|rowspan="15" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|24
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Fletcher, Ryland"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Ryland Fletcher<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 15, 1858<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1856
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1857
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|25
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Hall, Hiland"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Hiland Hall<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 12, 1860<br><br />–<br />October 22, 1861<br>
|Republican
|1860
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|27
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Holbrook, Frederick"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Frederick Holbrook<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 9, 1863<br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 13, 1865<br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 13, 1867<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1865
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;
|1866
|- style="height:2em;
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|30
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Page, John"|75px
|rowspan="2"|John B. Page<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />October 16, 1869<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1867
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1868
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|31
|data-sort-value="Washburn, Peter"|75px
|Peter T. Washburn<br><br>
|<br />–<br />February 7, 1870<br>
|<br />–<br />October 6, 1870<br>
|Republican
|style="background:#EEEEEE;"|
|colspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE;"|Vacant
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|33
|data-sort-value="Stewart, John"|75px
|John Wolcott Stewart<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 3, 1872<br>
|Republican
|1870
|rowspan="29" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|34
|data-sort-value="Converse, Julius"|75px
|Julius Converse<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 8, 1874<br>
|<br />–<br />October 5, 1876<br>
|<br />–<br />October 3, 1878<br>
|<br />–<br />October 7, 1880<br>
|<br />–<br />October 5, 1882<br>
|Republican
|1880
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|39
|data-sort-value="Barstow, John"|75px
|John L. Barstow<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 2, 1884<br>
|Republican
|1882
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|40
|data-sort-value="Pingree, Samuel"|75px
|Samuel E. Pingree<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 7, 1886<br>
|Republican
|1884
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|41
|data-sort-value="Ormsbee, Ebenezer"|75px
|Ebenezer J. Ormsbee<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 4, 1888<br>
|Republican
|1886
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|42
|data-sort-value="Dillingham, William"|75px
|William P. Dillingham<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 2, 1890<br>
|<br />–<br />October 6, 1892<br>
|Republican
|1890
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|44
|data-sort-value="Fuller, Levi"|75px
|Levi K. Fuller<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 4, 1894<br>
|Republican
|1892
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|45
|data-sort-value="Woodbury, Urban"|75px
|Urban A. Woodbury<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 8, 1896<br>
|Republican
|1894
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|46
|data-sort-value="Grout, Josiah"|75px
|Josiah Grout<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 6, 1898<br>
|Republican
|1896
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|47
|data-sort-value="Smith, Edward"|75px
|Edward Curtis Smith<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 4, 1900<br>
|Republican
|1898
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|48
|data-sort-value="Stickney, William"|75px
|William W. Stickney<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 3, 1902<br>
|Republican
|1900
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|49
|data-sort-value="McCullough, John"|75px
|John G. McCullough<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 6, 1904<br>
|Republican
|1902
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|50
|data-sort-value="Bell, Charles"|75px
|Charles J. Bell<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 4, 1906<br>
|Republican
|1904
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|51
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Fletcher"|75px
|Fletcher D. Proctor<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 8, 1908<br>
|Republican
|1906
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|52
|data-sort-value="Prouty, George"|75px
|George H. Prouty<br><br>
|<br />–<br />October 6, 1910<br>
|<br />–<br />October 3, 1912<br>
|Republican
|1910
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|54
|data-sort-value="Fletcher, Allen"|75px
|Allen M. Fletcher<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 7, 1915<br>
|Republican
|1912
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|55
|data-sort-value="Gates, Charles"|75px
|Charles W. Gates<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 4, 1917<br>
|Republican
|1914
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|56
|data-sort-value="Graham, Horace"|75px
|Horace F. Graham<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 10, 1919<br>
|Republican
|1916
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|57
|data-sort-value="Clement, Percival"|75px
|Percival W. Clement<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 7, 1921<br>
|<br />–<br />January 4, 1923<br>
|Republican
|1920
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|59
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Redfield 2"|75px
|Redfield Proctor Jr.<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 8, 1925<br>
|<br />–<br />January 6, 1927<br>
|Republican
|1924
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|61
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Weeks, John"|75px
|rowspan="3"|John E. Weeks<br><br>
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />January 8, 1931<br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 10, 1935<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1930
|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1932
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|63
|data-sort-value="Smith, Charles"|75px
|Charles Manley Smith<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 7, 1937<br>
|Republican
|1934
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|64
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Aiken, George"|75px
|rowspan="2"|George Aiken<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 9, 1941<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1936
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1938
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|65
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Wills, William"|75px
|rowspan="2"|William Henry Wills<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 4, 1945<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1940
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1942
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|66
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Mortimer"|75px
|Mortimer R. Proctor<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 9, 1947<br>
|Republican
|1944
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|67
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Gibson, Ernest"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Ernest W. Gibson Jr.<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 16, 1950<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1946
|- style="height:2em;"
|1948
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|68
|data-sort-value="Arthur, Harold"|75px
|Harold J. Arthur<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 4, 1951<br>
|Republican
|style="background:#EEEEEE;"|
|colspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE;"|Vacant
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|69
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Emerson, Lee"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Lee E. Emerson<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 6, 1955<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1950
|rowspan="7" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1952
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|70
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Johnson, Joseph"|75px
|rowspan="2"|Joseph B. Johnson<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 15, 1959<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1954
|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1956
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|71
|data-sort-value="Stafford, Robert"|75px
|Robert Stafford<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 5, 1961<br>
|Republican
|1958
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|72
|data-sort-value="Keyser, F. Ray"|75px
|F. Ray Keyser Jr.<br><br>
|<br />–<br />January 10, 1963<br>
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />January 9, 1969<br>
|rowspan="3"|Democratic
|1962
|- style="height:2em;"
|1964
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1966
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|74
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Davis, Deane"|75px
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|Deane C. Davis<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 4, 1973<br>
|rowspan="2"|Republican
|1968
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|
|- style="height:2em;"
|1970
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|75
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Salmon, Thomas"|75px
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="2"|Thomas P. Salmon<br><br>
|rowspan="2"|<br />–<br />January 6, 1977<br>
|rowspan="2"|Democratic
|1972
|- style="height:2em;"
|1974
|style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="4" scope="rowgroup"|76
|rowspan="4" data-sort-value="Snelling, Richard"|75px
|rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:;"|
|rowspan="4"|Richard A. Snelling<br><br>
|rowspan="4"|<br />–<br />January 10, 1985<br>
|rowspan="4"|Republican
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />January 10, 1991<br>
|rowspan="3"|Democratic<br />–<br />August 13, 1991<br>
|Republican
|rowspan="6"|<br />–<br />January 9, 2003<br>
|rowspan="6"|Democratic
|rowspan="4"|<br />–<br />January 6, 2011<br>
|rowspan="4"|Republican
|rowspan="3"|<br />–<br />January 5, 2017<br>
|rowspan="3"|Democratic
|rowspan="5"|<br />–<br />Incumbent
|rowspan="5"|Republican