This is a list of some of the most important explorations of State Societies, in chronological order:

Before 1400

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

|-

| Northwest African coast (West Africa)

| about 500 BC

| Hanno the Navigator

|-

| The Mediterranean Sea

| 5th century BC

| Himilco the Navigator

|-

| Around western Europe to Thule Island

| about 330 BC

| Pytheas of Marseilles

|-

| Hawaiian Islands

| By c. 800

| Hawaiʻiloa (mythical)

|-

| Greenland, Iceland, and Faroes

| 900

| Gunnbjörn Ulfsson

|-

| Americas (North America)

| 999

| Leif Ericson

|-

| Brazil (South America) - controversial

| c. 14th century CE

| Abu Bakr II

|-

| Sahelian kingdoms

| 1351–1354

| Ibn Battuta

|}

15th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

! Context

|-

| Great permanent wind wheel of Volta do Mar, the North Atlantic Gyre. Recognition of the Sargasso Sea, Madeira, Azores and West African coast. Cape Verde.

| 1427–1460

| Several navigators: Portuguese or serving Portugal, most under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator

| Portuguese maritime exploration

|-

| Galápagos Islands or Rapa Nui

| c. 1480

| Tupaq Inka Yupanki. 1594–1597.Rediscovered by the Spanish.

|

|-

| Congo River, Angola and Namibia

| 1482–1485

| Diogo Cão

| Portuguese maritime exploration

|-

| South Africa. Connected the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. South Atlantic Volta do Mar winds.

| 1482–1485

| Bartolomeu Dias

| Portuguese maritime exploration

|-

| Caribbean, Venezuela (South America) and Central America. Use and development of the North Atlantic routes.

| 1493–1502

| Christopher Columbus

| Spanish colonization of the Americas

|-

| Atlantic Ocean (outer routes) and Indian Ocean, sea route to India (Europe to Asia)

| 1497–1499

| Vasco da Gama

| Portuguese maritime exploration

|-

| Brazil, South Atlantic Volta do Mar, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, gate of the Red Sea (Bab-el-Mandeb Strait); India. Voyage that united Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia.

| 1500–1501

| Pedro Álvares Cabral and Diogo Dias, among others

| Portuguese maritime explorationPortuguese colonization of the Americas

|}

16th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

! Context

|-

| Timor, Moluccas (Australasia - Pacific Ocean)

| 1512–1513

| António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão

| Portuguese maritime exploration

|-

| Circumnavigation of the globe. Connection from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (Americas to Asia).

| 1519–1522

| Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano

| Spanish colonization of the AmericasSpanish colonization of the Philippines

|-

| Mexico

| 1519–1521

| Hernán Cortés

| Spanish colonization of the AmericasSpanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

|-

| Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and east of the Inca Empire

| 1525–1527

| Aleixo Garcia

| Spanish colonization of the Americas

|-

| Traveled across the Southwest of North America (completely)

| 1528

| Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

| Spanish colonization of the Americas

|-

| Peru, Inca Empire and Ecuador

| 1531–1534

| Francisco Pizarro

| Spanish colonization of the AmericasSpanish conquest of the Inca Empire

|-

| Ecuador and Brazil. Length of the Amazon River.

| 1531–1534

| Francisco de Orellana

| Spanish colonization of the Americas

|-

| Canada, Saint Lawrence River

| 1534–1542

| Jacques Cartier

| French colonization of the Americas

|-

| Bolivia, Argentine Northwest, Chile

| 1535–1537

| Diego de Almagro

| Spanish colonization of the AmericasSpanish conquest of the Inca Empire

|-

| Colombia, Conquest of the Muisca

| 1536–1537

| Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada

| Spanish colonization of the Americas

|-

| Pacific Ocean's Volta do Mar (Asia to the Americas)

| 1564–1565

| Andrés de Urdaneta

| Spanish colonization of the AmericasSpanish colonization of the Philippines

|-

| North, Canada (Hudson Bay)

| 1574–1631

| Henry Hudson

|

|-

| North

| 1594–1597

| Willem Barents

|

|}

17th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

|-

| Siberia and Pacific coast

| 1649–1641

| Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin

|-

| Australia

| c. 1640

| Makassar People before. Explored by Abel Tasman.

|-

| Tasmania, New Zealand

| 1642–1643

| Abel Tasman

|-

| Brazil (circumnavigation), Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. Connected the River Plate Basin to the Andes and to the mouth of the Amazon River.

| 1648–1651

| António Raposo Tavares

|-

| Western Patagonia

| [1669–1673

| Nicolás Mascardi

|-

| Western Patagonia

| 1675–1676

| Antonio de Vea

|}

18th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

|-

| Oceania

| 1768–1779

| James Cook

|-

| North Pacific, western Alaska, Far East Eurasian Coast

| 1771

| Moric Benovsky

|-

| Central America and Latin America

| 1799–1803

| Alexander von Humboldt

|}

19th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

|-

| Northwest Plateau of North America

| 1804–1806

| Lewis and Clark Expedition

|-

| The North Magnetic Pole

| 1831-06-01

| James Clark Ross

|-

| Interior of Africa

| 1851–1873

| David Livingstone

|-

| The Burke and Wills expedition (Central Australia)

| 1860–1861

| Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills

|-

| Inland eastern Patagonia

| 1875–1877]]

| Perito Moreno

|-

| Exploration of the Zambeze river region, Central Africa, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zaire

| 1877

| Serpa Pinto

|-

| The Northern Sea Route

| 1878

| Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld

|}

20th century

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Exploration

! When

! Who (explorer)

|-

| The South Magnetic Pole

| January 16, 1909

| Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David, and Alistair Mackay

|-

| The North Pole

| April 6, 1909

| Robert Peary

|-

| The South Pole

| December 14, 1911

| Roald Amundsen

|-

| The South Pole

| January 17, 1912

| Robert Falcon Scott

|-

| Mount Everest summit

| May 29, 1953

| Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay

|-

| The Moon

| July 20, 1969

| Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11)

|-

| Mars

| 1960–present

| NASA and other space agency exploration robots

|}

See also

  • Age of Discovery
  • Exploration of Australia
  • Geographical exploration
  • List of explorers
  • List of lost expeditions
  • List of Russian explorers
  • Exploration of the High Alps
  • Portugal in the period of discoveries
  • Chronology of European exploration of Asia

bs:Istraživanja

de:Entdeckungsreise

es:Cronología de las exploraciones

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