List of eponymous medical signs

Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance, such as tests and reflexes.

{| class="sortable wikitable"

! Sign

! Name

! Specialty

! Associated conditions

! External link (if no internal link)

! Descriptor

|Aaron's sign || Charles Dettie Aaron || surgery || appendicitis || ||epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point

|Abadie's sign || Jean Marie Charles Abadie ||endocrinology ||Graves' disease || ||levator palpebrae superioris spasm

|Abadie's symptom || Joseph Louis Irenée Jean Abadie ||neurology ||tabes dorsalis || ||absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure

|Abderhalden reaction || Emil Abderhalden || obstetrics ||pregnancy || ||serum reaction;obsolete

|Abelin reaction || Isaak Abelin ||infectious disease ||syphilis || ||presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete

|Addis count || Thomas Addis ||nephrology ||pyelonephritis || ||quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine

|Adie pupil || William John Adie || neurology || ciliary nerve damage || || dilated pupil, poorly reactive but with normal near accommodation

|Adson's sign || Alfred Washington Adson ||vascular surgery ||thoracic outlet syndrome || ||obliteration of radial pulse with manoeuvres

|Alexander's law || Gustav Alexander ||neurology, neurosurgery, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions

|Allen's test || Edgar Van Nuys Allen || vascular surgery, critical care || arterial supply of the hand || ||tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch)

|Apgar score || Virginia Apgar ||obstetrics, pediatrics || || ||assess health of newborn

|Apley grind test || Alan Graham Apley ||orthopaedic surgery ||meniscal lesions || ||manoeuvres to elicit knee pain

|Argyll Robertson pupils || Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson || neurology ||neurosyphilis || ||light-near dissociation

|Arneth count || Josef Arneth ||haematology, nutrition ||folate deficiency || ||lobulation of neutrophil nuclei

|Asboe-Hansen sign || Gustav Asboe-Hansen || dermatology || bullae || || extension of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressed

|Aschheim–Zondek test || Selmar Aschheim, Bernhard Zondek ||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || ||oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine

|Aschoff body || Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff ||rheumatology, pathology ||rheumatic fever || ||foci of interstitial inflammation in the myocardium and elsewhere

|Ashby technique || Winifred Ashby ||haematology, pathology ||haemolysis || ||agglutination test for erythrocyte survival

|-A || Ashton Syndrome || Dr. Heather Ashton

|Auberger's blood group || Auberger (patient) ||haematology ||normal physiology || ||Aua antigen

|Auenbrugger's sign || Josef Leopold Auenbrugger || cardiology || pericardial effusion || ||bulging epigastrium

|Auer rods || John Auer || hematology || acute myeloid leukemia || ||cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts

|Auspitz's sign || Heinrich Auspitz ||dermatology ||psoriasis || ||pinpoint bleeding when scales are removed from psoriasis or warts

|Austin Flint murmur || Austin Flint || cardiology || aortic insufficiency || ||mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex

|Babinski sign || Joseph Babinski || neurology || abnormal plantar reflex || ||dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot

|Bainbridge reflex || Francis Arthur Bainbridge ||cardiology ||normal physiology || ||increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume

|Balbiani rings || Edouard-Gérard Balbiani ||genetics ||RNA transcription || ||large chromosome puff indicating site of RNA transcription

|Ballance's sign || Charles Alfred Ballance ||general surgery ||abdominal/splenic trauma || ||percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive resonance right flank

|Bancroft's sign || Joseph Bancroft || vascular medicine || deep vein thrombosis || || pain on anterior, but not lateral, compression of calf

|Bárány test || Robert Bárány ||ENT, neurology ||vertigo, vestibular dysfunction || ||nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal

|Barlow's maneuver || Thomas Geoffrey Barlow, English Pediatric Orthopedist, (1915–1975) ||paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery ||hip dysplasia || || dislocation on adduction of hip

|Bart hemoglobin || Barts Hospital || Obstetrics, pathology ||indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns || || Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin)

|Bastian–Bruns sign || Henry Charlton Bastian, Ludwig Bruns ||neurology ||spinal cord transection || ||loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level

|Battle's sign || William Henry Battle || neurosurgery/traumatology || basal skull fracture || ||mastoid ecchymosis

|Beau's lines || Joseph Honoré Simon Beau ||dermatology, internal medicine ||multiple, including trauma || ||transverse ridges on nails

|Beck's triad || Claude Schaeffer Beck || cardiology || cardiac tamponade || ||hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds

|Becker's sign || Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || ||visible pulsation of retinal arteries

|Beevor's sign || Charles Edward Beevor ||neurology, neurosurgery ||spinal trauma at T10 || ||cephalad movement of navel on cervical flexion

|Bekhterev–Jacobsohn reflex || Vladimir Bekhterev, Louis Jacobsohn-Lask || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || ||stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion

|Bekhterev–Mendel reflex || Vladimir Bekhterev, Kurt Mendel ||neurology ||pyramidal tract lesions || ||toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot

|Bence Jones protein || Henry Bence Jones || hematology || multiple myeloma || ||

|Benedict solution || Stanley Rossiter Benedict ||endocrinology ||diabetes mellitus || ||reagent for presence of monosaccharides

|Berger wave (rhythm) || Hans Berger ||neurology || normal physiology || ||electroencephalographic alpha wave

|Bezold–Jarisch reflex || Albert von Bezold, Adolf Jarisch ||pharmacology, toxicology ||effect of certain alkaloids || ||apnea, bradycardia, hypotension

|Bielschowsky's head tilt test || Alfred Bielschowsky ||neurology, ophthalmology ||lesions of cranial nerve IV || ||test for palsy of superior oblique muscle

|Bing's sign || Paul Robert Bing ||neurology ||pyramidal tract lesions || ||extension of the great toe on pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin

|Biot's respiration || Camille Biot || neurology ||brain stem herniation || ||quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea

|Bitot's spots || Pierre Bitôt || ophthalmology || vitamin A deficiency || ||spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva

|Bjerrum scotoma || Jannik Peterson Bjerrum ||ophthalmology ||glaucoma || ||comet shaped visual field defect, extending temporally from the physiological blind spot

|Blumberg's sign || Jacob Moritz Blumberg ||surgery ||peritonitis || ||rebound tenderness

|Boas' point || Ismar Isidor Boas ||gastroenterology ||gastric ulcer || ||dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12

|Boas' sign || Ismar Isidor Boas ||gastroenterology ||acute cholecystitis || ||dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula

|Bodansky unit || Aaron Bodansky || clinical chemistry || || ||unit of alkaline phosphatase concentration in blood

|Boston's sign || Leonard N. Boston ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || ||spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze

|Bouchard's nodes || Charles-Joseph Bouchard || rheumatology || osteoarthritis || ||bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints

|Bracht–Wachter bodies || Erich Franz Eugen Bracht, Hermann Julius Gustav Wächter ||cardiology ||infective endocarditis || ||yellow-white spots in the myocardium

|Branham's sign || Henry Branham || vascular surgery, nephrology || chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis || ||pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia

|Braxton Hicks contraction || John Braxton Hicks || obstetrics || normal pregnancy || ||"false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester

|Brewer infarcts || George Emerson Brewer ||nephrology, pathology ||pyelonephritis || ||dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts

|Brissaud's reflex || Édouard Brissaud ||neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || ||plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae

|Broadbent inverted sign || Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet ||cardiology ||L atrial hypertrophy || ||systole palpable in posterior chest wall

|Broadbent sign || Walter Broadbent ||cardiology ||adhesive pericarditis || ||recession of L inferior intercostal spaces

|Broca aphasia || Paul Broca || neurology, neuropsychology ||developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas || ||expressive aphasia

|Brodie–Trendelenburg percussion test || Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, Friedrich Trendelenburg || general medicine, surgery || varicose veins || || superficial vein is percussed proximally; if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present

|Budin's sign || Pierre-Constant Budin || surgery, obstetrics || suppurative mastitis || || if breast milk flown into a sterile pad is mixed with pus (brown, yellow or bloody traces), mastitis may be present

|Brodie–Trendelenburg test || Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, Friedrich Trendelenburg ||general medicine, surgery ||varicose veins || ||identifies level of valvular incompetence

|Brudziński neck sign || Józef Brudziński || neurology || meningitis || ||neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion

|Brudziński cheek sign || Józef Brudziński || neurology || meningitis || ||pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm

|Brudziński symphyseal sign || Józef Brudziński || neurology || meningitis || ||pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction

|Brudziński reflex ||Józef Brudziński || neurology || meningitis || ||passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee

|Bruit de Roger || Henri-Louis Roger ||paediatric cardiology ||ventricular septal defect || ||loud pansystolic murmur

|Bruns ataxia || Ludwig Bruns ||neurology ||frontal lobe lesions || ||difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards

|Bruns nystagmus || Ludwig Bruns ||neurology ||cerebellopontine angle tumor, vestibular schwannoma || ||nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude on lateral gaze

|Brushfield spots || Thomas Brushfield ||ophthalmology, genetics ||Downs' syndrome or non-pathological || ||greyish-white spots at periphery of iris

|Buerger's test || Leo Buerger || general medicine, surgery || peripheral artery disease || ||pallor of the leg upon elevation

|Burton line || Henry Burton || toxicology || lead poisoning ||NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06||blue discolouration of the gingival border

|Cabot rings || Richard Cabot || hematology || lead poisoning, anaemias || ||threadlike strands in erythrocytes

|Caput medusae || Medusa ||gastroenterology, surgery ||portal hypertension || ||distended veins radiating from umbilicus

|Cardarelli's sign || Antonio Cardarelli ||cardiology, thoracic surgery ||aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour || ||left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same

|Carey Coombs murmur || Carey Coombs ||cardiology, rheumatology ||rheumatic fever || ||mid-diastolic rumble

|Carnett's sign || John Berton Carnett ||primary care, surgery ||abdominal mass and/or pain || Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599 ||supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain – abdominal wall ;↓ pain – intraperitoneal

|Carvallo's sign || José Manuel Rivero Carvallo ||cardiology ||tricuspid regurgitation || ||increase in volume of murmur on inspiration

|Casal collar || Gaspar Casal ||nutrition || pellagra (niacin deficiency) ||Casal collar at Medscape||widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes

|Casoni test || Tomaso Casoni ||infectious disease, tropical medicine ||hydatid disease || ||intradermal injection of hydatid fluid causing wheal

|Celsus signs of inflammation || Aulus Cornelius Celsus ||various || inflammation || ||1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain)

|Chaddock reflex || Charles Gilbert Chaddock ||neurology ||pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions || ||extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus

|Chadwick sign || James Read Chadwick || obstetrics ||pregnancy || ||cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix

|Chagas disease

|Carlos Chagas

|infectious disease, tropical medicine

|heart failure

|Heart failure, enlarged esophagus, enlarged colon

|Charcot's triad || Jean-Martin Charcot || surgery || ascending cholangitis || ||jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain

|Charcot's triad || Jean-Martin Charcot || neurology || multiple sclerosis || || nystagmus, intention tremor, staccato speech

|Charcot–Leyden crystals || Jean-Martin Charcot, Ernst Viktor von Leyden ||pathology ||any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. ascariasis || ||lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues

|Cheyne–Stokes respiration || John Cheyne, William Stokes || palliative care || respiratory center damage || || fluctuation between apnoea and tachypnoea

|Churchill–Cope reflex || Edward Delos Churchill, Oliver Cope || cardiology || heart failure || || distension of pulmonary vascular bed causes tachypnoea

|Chvostek sign || František Chvostek || endocrinology || hypocalcemia || ||tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)

|Claybrook sign || Edwin Claybrook ||emergency medicine, surgery ||blunt abdominal trauma || ||heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus

|Clutton's joints || Henry Hugh Clutton ||paediatrics ||congenital syphilis || ||painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees

|Codman's triangle || Ernest Codman ||oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology ||osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma || ||triangular subperiosteal growth

|Comby sign || Jules Comby ||paediatrics ||rubeola || ||whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa

| Comolli's sign || Antonio Comolli || Orthopaedic surgery || Scapular fracture || || triangular swelling corresponding to the outline of the scapula

|Coombs test || Robin Coombs || hematology || hemolytic anemia || ||

|Coons fluorescent antibody method || Albert Coons || immunology || || Albert Coons at National Academies Press ||detection of antibodies by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein-labelled antibodies

|Cornell's sign || Ethel L. Cornell, American Neuropsychologist and Psychiatrist, Columbia University NY (1882–1972) || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. || scratching alongside big toe extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response

|Corrigan pulse || Dominic John Corrigan || cardiology || aortic insufficiency || ||carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases

|Councilman body || William Thomas Councilman ||infectious disease ||yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers || ||eosinophilic globules in liver

|Courvoisier's law || Ludwig Georg Courvoisier || gastroenterology || obstructive jaundice || ||palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis

|Crichton-Browne sign || Sir James Crichton-Browne ||neuropsychiatry ||'general paresis' || ||tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus

|Crowe sign || Frank W. Crowe || dermatology || neurofibromatosis type I || || axillary freckling

|Cruveilhier–Baumgarten bruit || Jean Cruveilhier, Paul Clemens von Baumgarten || hepatology || Cruveilhier–Baumgarten disease || || bruit around the umbilicus

|Cullen's sign || Thomas S. Cullen || surgery, obstetrics || intra-abdominal haemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy || ||ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis

|Curschmann spirals || Heinrich Curschmann || pulmonology || asthma || || spiral mucus plugs found in sputum

|Cushing's triad || Harvey Cushing || neurology || raised intracranial pressure || ||elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration

|Dagher Maneuver || Nabil Dagher || trauma surgery ||penetrating pelvic trauma|| || bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum

|Dahlén–Fuchs nodules || Johan Dahlén, Ernst Fuchs || ophthalmology || sympathetic ophthalmia|| granulocytic infiltrate of the uvea||

|Dahl's sign || K.V. Dahl ||pulmonology ||COPD || ||pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)

|Dalrymple sign || John Dalrymple ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || ||widened palpebral opening

|Dance's sign || Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance ||(paediatric)surgery ||ileo-cecal intussusception || ||empty RLQ (retracted right iliac fossa)

|Darier's sign || Ferdinand-Jean Darier ||allergy, dermatology ||urticaria pigmentosa || ||dermatographia

|Dawson's fingers || James Walker Dawson ||neurology ||multiple sclerosis || [http://www.ms-info.net/evo/msmanu/984.3F74149980602] [http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-845.htm]||characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy

|De Musset's sign || Alfred de Musset || cardiology || aortic insufficiency || ||head nodding in time with heartbeat

|Dennie–Morgan fold || Charles Clayton Dennie DB Morgan ||dermatology || atopic dermatitis || Dennie's line at TheFreeDictionary.com|| accentuated fold below the lower eyelid

|Destot's sign || Etienne Destot ||orthopaedic surgery ||pelvic fracture || [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/inspection_of_patients_w_pelvic_frx]||ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh

|Dix–Hallpike test || Margaret R. Dix, Charles Skinner Hallpike || otolaryngology || Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo || ||Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position

|Döhle bodies || Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle || pathology || various including trauma and neoplasm || ||basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils

|Doi's sign || Hitoka Doi || neurology || Eaton–Lambert syndrome || || reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short period of maximal muscle contraction

|Dunphy's sign || Osborne Joby Dunphy ||surgery ||appendicitis || [http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html]||increase in abdominal pain on coughing

|Duroziez's sign || Paul Louis Duroziez || cardiology || aortic insufficiency || ||double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign)

|Elschnig spots || Anton Elschnig || ophthalmology || hypertensive retinopathy || ||

|Epstein's pearls || Alois Epstein ||paediatrics ||normal newborn || ||cystic papules on palate

|Ewart's sign || William Ewart ||cardiology || pericardial effusion || ||percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip

|Faget sign || Jean-Charles Faget || infectious disease || yellow fever Typhoid Fever tularaemia brucellosis others || || the unusual constellation of fever and bradycardia

|Finkelstein's test || Harry Finkelstein || rheumatology || DeQuervain's tenosynovitis || ||

|Forchheimer spots || Frederick Forchheimer || paediatrics || rubella || ||small red spots on the soft palate

|Fothergill's sign || John Fothergill || surgery || rectus sheath hematoma || ||anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed

|Fox's sign || George Henry Fox ||gastroenterology ||haemorrhagic pancreatitis || ||ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)

|Frank's sign || Sanders T. Frank || cardiology || ischaemic heart disease || ||ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed)

|Friedreich's sign || Nikolaus Friedreich ||cardiology ||constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency || ||collapse of distended neck veins in diastole

|Froment's sign || Jules Froment || neurology || ulnar nerve palsy || ||patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed

|-G || Gaenslen's test

|Gallavardin phenomenon || Louis Gallavardin ||cardiology ||aortic stenosis || ||dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur

|Gamna–Favre bodies || Carlos Gamna, Maurice Favre || histology || lymphogranuloma venereum || || basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

|Gandy–Gamna nodules || Charles Gandy, Carlos Gamna || histology || splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and sickle cell disease || || small yellow-brown foci in the spleen

|Garrod's pads || Archibald Garrod || dermatology || repeated extreme tension of extensor tendon in interphalangeal joint || || thickening of skin and tissue over interphalangeal joint

|Gerhardt's sign || Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt || || || http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign<nowiki/>||controversial: see references

|Glasgow Coma Scale || Glasgow || neurology || A neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. || || The sum of Eye, Motor and Verbal responses.

|Goetz sign || Robert H. Goetz || Patent Ductus Arteriosus || Seen during right ventriculography in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus, the Goetz sign refers to the negative contrast effect seen in the pulmonary artery from non-contrast enhanced blood shunting left to right from the aorta || ||

|Gonda's sign || Viktor Gonda, Ukrainian Neuropsychiatrist, (1889–1959) || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. ||flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response

|Goodell's sign || William Goodell || obstetrics || pregnancy || ||softening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester

|Goodsall's rule || David Henry Goodsall ||gastroenterology, general surgery ||anal fistula || ||anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types

|Gordon's sign || Alfred Gordon || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. || squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response

|Gottron's papules || Heinrich Adolf Gottron || rheumatology || dermatomyositis || Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th Ed), Robbins & Cotran ||Scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees

|Gowers' sign || William Richard Gowers || neurology || muscular dystrophy || ||

|Graham Steell murmur || Graham Steell || cardiology || mitral stenosis || || pulmonary regurgitation murmur in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis

|Grey Turner's sign || George Grey Turner || surgery || retroperitoneal hemorrhage || ||flank ecchymosis

|Griffith's sign || Alexander Hill Griffith, Scottish Ophthalmologist, Manchester (1858–1937) || endocrinology || Graves' ophthalmopathy || (needed) ||lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement

|Grisel's syndrome

|Pierre Grisel

|rheumatology

|non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint caused by inflammation of the adjacent tissues

|Gunn's sign || Robert Marcus Gunn ||ophthalmology ||hypertension || ||AV "nicking" or "nipping" in hypertensive retinopathy

|Hamman's sign ||Louis Hamman ||thoracic surgery || oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum || ||crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration

|Hampton's hump || Aubrey Otis Hampton ||pulmonology, radiology ||pulmonary embolus with infarct || ||wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura

|Hampton's line || Aubrey Otis Hampton ||radiology, gastroenterology || peptic ulcer || || line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer

|Hannington-Kiff sign || John G. Hannington-Kiff || general surgery ||obturator hernia || ||absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex

|Harrison's groove || Edward Harrison ||internal medicine ||rickets || ||rib deformity at the lower thorax

|Hatchcock's sign || ? ||paediatrics, infectious disease ||mumps || (needed)||tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident)

|Heberden's node || William Heberden || rheumatology || osteoarthritis || ||same as bouchard's nodes, but over dip joints

|Hegar's sign || Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar ||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || ||softening of cervical isthmus appearing between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)

|Hess test || Alfred Fabian Hess || internal medicine || capillary fragility || ||appearance of petechiae after compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff

|Hildreth's sign || DH Hildreth || dermatology || glomus tumor || || Relief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion

|Hippocratic face || Hippocrates || palliative care || impending death || ||

|Hippocratic fingers || Hippocrates || pulmonary medicine || chronic hypoxia || ||clubbing of distal phalanges

|Hirschberg test || Julius Hirschberg ||ophthalmology || strabismus || ||corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil

|Hoffmann's sign ||Johann Hoffmann || neurology ||corticospinal tract lesions || ||tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb

|Hollenhorst plaque || Robert Hollenhorst || ophthalmology || hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes || ||cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies)

|Homans' sign || John Homans ||thrombosis || deep venous thrombosis || ||knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain

|Hoover's sign (leg paresis) || Charles Franklin Hoover ||neurology, psychiatry ||lower extremity paresis || ||differentiates organic from non-organic etiology

|Hoover's sign (pulmonary) || Charles Franklin Hoover || pulmonology || COPD || || inward movement of lower ribs during inspiration

|Howship–Romberg sign || John Howship, Moritz Heinrich Romberg || surgery || obturator hernia || ||pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee

|Hutchinson's freckle || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || dermatology ||melanoma || ||precancerous facial pigmentation

|Hutchinson's pupil || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || neurology || oculomotor nerve lesion || ||dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to IIIrd nerve compression

|Hutchinson's sign || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || ophthalmology || herpes zoster || ||lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster

|Hutchinson's teeth || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || pediatrics || congenital syphilis || ||small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces

|Hutchinson's triad || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || pediatrics || congenital syphilis || ||interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth

|Janeway lesion || Theodore Caldwell Janeway || cardiology || infective endocarditis || ||palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules

|Jendrassik maneuver || Ernő Jendrassik || neurology || hyporeflexia || ||compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction

|Jobe's relocation test

|Christopher Jobe

|orthopedics

|Joffroy's sign || Alexis Joffroy || endocrinology || exophthalmos in Graves disease || ||lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed

|Jolly's test || Friedrich Jolly || neurology || myasthenia gravis or Eaton–Lambert syndrome || || electromyography test using repeated stimuli to show fatiguability in myasthenia

|Jones criteria || T. Duckett Jones || rheumatology || rheumatic fever || ||criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever

|Kanavel's sign || Allen B. Kanavel || orthopedics, rheumatology ||tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon || http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM || (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit.

|Kayser–Fleischer ring || Bernhard Kayser, Bruno Fleischer || neurology, gastroenterology || Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) || ||ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction

|Kehr's sign || Hans Kehr ||trauma surgery || ruptured spleen || ||referred pain to L shoulder

|Kelly's sign ||Howard Atwood Kelly ||surgery, urology || || ||visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same)

|Kerley lines || Peter Kerley || radiology || pulmonary edema || ||

|Kernig's sign || Woldemar Kernig || neurology || meningism, meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage || ||hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus

|Kocher's sign || Emil Theodor Kocher || ophthalmology, endocrinology || Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, || || In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid

|Koebner's phenomenon || Heinrich Koebner || dermatology || various conditions || ||

|Koeppe's nodules || Leonhard Koeppe || ophthalmology || uveitis || ||granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin

|Koplik's spots || Henry Koplik || pediatrics || measles || ||

|Korotkoff sounds || Nikolai Korotkov || cardiology ||auscultatory sphygmomanometry || ||Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound, and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible, corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however, see:Auscultatory gap)

|Kussmaul breathing || Adolph Kussmaul || endocrinology || metabolic acidosis || ||laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency

|Kussmaul's sign || Adolph Kussmaul || cardiology ||various, including right side failure || ||increased jugular distension on inspiration

|Kveim test || Morten Ansgar Kveim || pulmonary medicine || sarcoidosis || ||intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete

|Lachman maneuver || John Lachman || orthopedic surgery || anterior cruciate ligament injury || ||modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion

|Ladin's sign || Louis Julius Ladin, Lithuanian-American Gynecologist, (1862–1951) || obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || (needed) ||softening of uterus; similar to Hegar's sign

|Lancisi's sign || Giovanni Maria Lancisi || cardiology || tricuspid regurgitation || ||giant v-wave in seen in jugular vein

|Landau–Kleffner syndrome

|William Landau, Frank Kleffner

|neurology, psychiatry

|aphasia

|aphasia and an abnormal EEG

|Larrey's sign || Dominique Larrey || rheumatology || sacroiliitis || ||pain in sacroiliac area on sitting down on hard chair

|Lasègue's sign || Charles Lasègue || neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery ||lumbar disc lesions, sciatica || ||better known as straight leg raise test

|Leopold's maneuver || Christian Gerhard Leopold || obstetrics || || ||determination of fetal lie

|Leser–Trélat sign || Edmund Leser, Ulysse Trélat || oncology ||malignant neoplasm || ||sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses

|Levine's sign || Samuel A. Levine || cardiology ||myocardial infarction || ||patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain

|Lhermitte's sign || Jean Lhermitte || neurology || lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, Behçet's disease || ||electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension

|Liebermeister's rule || Carl von Liebermeister || internal medicine || || || For each fever degree Celsius an increase of 8 beats per minute in cardiac frequency

|Lisch nodule || Karl Lisch ||ophthalmology ||type I neurofibromatosis || ||yellow brown hamartomata on iris

|Lisker's sign || ? ||internal medicine || deep venous thrombosis || (needed) ||tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia

|Litten's sign || Moritz Litten || cardiology || infective endocarditis || eMedicine||cotton-wool exudate in the retina

|Lombard effect || Étienne Lombard ||psychiatry ||malingering due to simulated deafness || || automatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise

|Louvel's sign || ? ||internal medicine ||deep venous thrombosis || (needed)||increased pain along vein with Valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this

|Lowenberg's sign || Robert I. Lowenberg || vascular medicine || deep vein thrombosis || (needed) || immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf

|MacDonald triad ||John M. MacDonald || psychiatry || sociopathic personality disorder || || enuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour

|Macewen's sign ||Sir William Macewen ||neurology, neurosurgery ||hydrocephalus, brain abscess || ||resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture

|Magnan's sign || Valentin Magnan || addiction medicine || cocaine dependence || ||feeling of moving foreign body under the skin

|Mantoux test || Charles Mantoux || infectious disease || tuberculosis || ||intradermal protein derivative – diameter of wheal evaluated

|Marcus Gunn pupil || Robert Marcus Gunn ||ophthalmology, neurology ||severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm || ||Relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side

|Markle's sign || George Bushar Markle IV ||surgery ||appendicitis || (needed) || RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels

|Massouh's sign || Farouk Massouh ||surgery ||appendicitis || (needed) || grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep.

|Mayne's sign || ? ||cardiology ||aortic insufficiency || (needed) || diastolic blood pressure drop of >15mmHg on raising arm

|McBurney's point ||Charles McBurney || surgery || appendicitis || || 2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)

|McConnell's sign || M.V. McConnell ||cardiology || pulmonary embolism || ||echocardiography finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex

|McMurray test || Thomas Porter McMurray ||orthopaedics ||meniscal tear || ||knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click

|Means–Lerman scratch || J. Lerman, J.H. Means || endocrinology || hyperthyroidism || ||systolic heart murmur similar to pericardial rub

|Mees' lines || R.A. Mees || toxicology || arsenic or heavy metal poisoning || ||transverse white lines across the nails

|Meigs' syndrome || Joe Vincent Meigs || gynecology || ascites with hydrothorax || Meigs' syndrome: the history of the eponym ||Triad of ascites, hydrothorax and benign ovarian tumor

|Mellinghoff's sign || Karl Hermann Mellinghoff, German Endocrinologist, (1908–1967)|| hyperbaric medicine || cutaneous decompression sickness|| || coughing or Valsalve accentuates the venous markings of an erysipeloid rash

|Mentzer index || William C. Mentzer Jr. || hematology || microcytic anemia || ||differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia

|Miller Fisher test || C. Miller Fisher || neurology || normal pressure hydrocephalus || || Improvement in cognitive function after withdrawal of CSF during lumbar puncture used to confirm diagnosis

|Moniz sign || António Egas Moniz || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. ||forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response

|Möbius sign || Paul Julius Möbius || endocrinology || thyrotoxicosis || Möbius sign at TheFreeDictionary.com ||inability to maintain convergence of eyes

|Muehrcke's lines || Robert C. Muehrcke || nephrology, oncology || hypoalbuminaemia, chemotherapy || || paired transverse white lines on nail bed

|Mulder's sign || Jacob D. Mulder ||neurology, podiatry ||Morton's neuroma || || transverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the distribution of the affected nerve

|Müller's maneuver || Johannes Peter Müller || pulmonology || collapsed section of airway || || patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of Valsalva maneuver)

|Müller's sign || Friedrich von Müller || cardiology ||aortic insufficiency || ||visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula

|Murphy's punch sign ||John B. Murphy || urology || perinephric abscess || ||punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle

|Murphy's sign ||John B. Murphy || surgery || cholecystitis || ||hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated

|Myerson's sign || Abraham Myerson || neurology || Parkinson's disease || ||inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed

|Naegele's rule || Franz Karl Naegele || gynecology || gestation || || method of estimating due date

|Nardi test || George Nardi || gastroenterology ||dysfunction of sphincter of Oddi || ||administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use

|Nikolsky's sign || Pyotr Nikolsky || dermatology ||various, including pemphigus vulgaris || ||shearing of epidermis under pressure

|O'Brien's test || ? || || ||https://mskmedicine.com/clinical_skills/obriens-test/||Assesses the integrity of the glenoid labrum and AC joint

|O'Donoghue's triad ||D. O'Donoghue ||orthopaedics, sports medicine || knee injury || ||coincidence of anterior cruciate injury, medial collateral injury and meniscal tear

|Oliver's sign ||William Silver Oliver ||cardiology ||aortic arch aneurysm || ||caudal movement of trachea with systole

|Oppenheim's sign || Hermann Oppenheim ||neurology ||pyramidal tract lesions || ||irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe

|Ortolani test || Marino Ortolani || pediatrics & orthopedics || congenital hip dislocation || ||palpable clunk on moving hip

|Osborn wave ||John Jay Osborn || cardiology, emergency medicine ||hypothermia ||||positive deflection at QRS-ST junction

|Osler's node || Sir William Osler ||internal medicine ||various, including SBE and SLE || ||painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces

|Osler's sign || Sir William Osler ||internal medicine ||atherosclerosis || ||falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels

|Palla's sign || Antonio Palla ||internal medicine ||pulmonary embolism || Pulmonary embolism at Merck Manual online||enlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray

|Pastia's sign || Constantin Chessec Pastia ||pediatrics ||scarlet fever || ||lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes)

|Patrick's test || Hugh Talbot Patrick || rheumatology || sacroiliitis || ||external rotation of the hip causes pain

|Peabody's sign || C.N. Peabody || internal medicine || deep vein thrombosis || || calf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended

|Pemberton's sign || Hugh Pemberton ||thoracic surgery ||retrosternal mass with superior vena cava syndrome || ||arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor

|Phalen's maneuver || George S. Phalen || rheumatology, hand surgery ||carpal tunnel syndrome || ||30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms

|Piskaček's sign || Ludwig Piskaček||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || ||palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7–8 weeks

|Plummer's nail || Henry Stanley Plummer || endocrinology || thyrotoxicosis || ||onycholysis especially of ring and little fingers

|Pratt's sign || Gerald H. Pratt || internal medicine ||deep venous thrombosis || || pain elicited by compression of posterior calf

|Prehn's sign

|Douglas T. Prehn

|urology

|testicular torsion

|no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle suggests testicular torsion

|Queckenstedt's maneuver || Hans Heinrich Georg Queckenstedt || neurology || spinal stenosis || ||bilateral jugular vein pressure during lumbar puncture causes sudden rise in CSF pressure

|Quincke's sign || Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke || cardiology || aortic insufficiency || ||visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed

|Reynolds' pentad || B.M. Reynolds || gastroenterology || ascending cholangitis || ||Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state

|Riesman's sign || David Riesman || endocrinology || thyrotoxicosis || ||bruit over globe of the eye

|Rigler's sign || Leo George Rigler ||radiology, abdominal surgery ||pneumoperitoneum || ||gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel

|Rinne test || Heinrich Adolf Rinne ||ENT, neurology, audiometry ||hearing impairment || ||comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness

|Romaña's sign || Cecilio Romaña ||tropical medicine || Chagas' disease || ||painless unilateral periorbital swelling

|Romberg test || Moritz Heinrich Romberg || neurology ||dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, alcohol intoxication || ||inability to maintain posture with eyes closed

|Rose's sign || ? || vascular medicine || deep vein thrombosis || (needed) || Warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected leg is pinched

|Rosenbach's test || Ottomar Rosenbach || clinical chemistry || bilirubinuria || ||colour produced on addition of nitric acid

|Rosenstein's sign || Paul Rosenstein ||general surgery || appendicitis || Advances in Pediatrics. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1432. . || tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture on the left side

|Rossolimo's sign || Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. || percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes

|- id="Rotch sign"

| Rotch sign || Thomas Morgan Rotch || cardiology || pericardial effusion || Rotch sign. (n.d.) Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. (2012). Retrieved September 6, 2023 from https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rotch+sign || percussion dullness in the fifth intercostal space on the right

|Roth's spots || Moritz Roth || ophthalmology, internal medicine ||various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides || ||retinal haemorrhages with pale centres seen at fundoscopy

|Rovsing's sign || Niels Thorkild Rovsing ||general surgery || appendicitis || ||palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ

|Rumpel–Leede sign || Theodor Rumpel, Carl Stockbridge Leede || haematology || capillary fragility || || petechiae seen after compression by tourniquet

|Russell's sign || Gerald Russell || psychiatry || bulimia nervosa || ||scarring of the dorsum of one hand (contact with incisors when purging)

|Salus's sign || Robert Salus || ophthalmology || hypertension || Hypertension at Medscape ||deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles

|Schaeffer's sign || Max Schaeffer || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || ||squeezing the Achilles tendon elicits an extensor plantar response

|Schamroth's window test || Leo Schamroth ||pulmonology, cardiology ||chronic hypoxia || ||identifies clubbing of distal phalanges

|Schiller's test || Walter Schiller || gynecology || cervical cancer || ||affected areas of cervix fail to stain brown with iodine solution

|Schilling test || Robert F. Schilling || internal medicine ||pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders || ||B12 radioassay; rare

|Schirmer's test || Otto Schirmer ||ophthalmology ||keratoconjunctivitis sicca, as in Sjögren's syndrome || ||quantifies lacrimal secretion

|Schober test || Paul Schober ||physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics ||various disorders of lumbar vertebrae || ||quantifies lumbar flexion

|Sherren's triangle || James Sherren || surgery || appendicitis || || area of hyperaesthesia over the right lower abdomen

|Shone's complex || John D. Shone || cardiology || congenital heart defect || ||supravalvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta

|Siegrist streaks || August Siegrist || ophthalmology ||malignant hypertension || ||hyperpigmented streaks parallel to choroidal vessels

|Simmonds' test || Franklin Adin Simmonds || orthopaedics || Achilles tendon rupture || || squeezing of calf fails to produce plantar flexion

|Sims–Huhner test || Harry M. Sims, Max Huhner || reproductive medicine || infertility || ||determination of sperm count and motility in a sample taken from the cervical canal within an hour of intercourse

|Sister Mary Joseph nodule || Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) || oncology || various abdominal malignancies || ||palpable lymph node in the umbilicus

|Spurling's test || Roy Glenwood Spurling || neurology || cervical radiculopathy || ||axial compression and rotation of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain

|Stellwag's sign || Karl Stellwag von Carion || endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || ||infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by Dalrymple's sign

|Still's murmur || Sir George Frederick Still || paediatric cardiology ||subaortic stenosis, small Ventricular septal defect || ||systolic ejection sound; vibratory/musical; best heard at left lower sternal border

|Stransky's sign || ? || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–18. ||sudden abduction and release of little toe causes extensor plantar response

|Stroop test || John Ridley Stroop ||neuropsychology ||various, including ADHD and schizophrenia || ||reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue)

|Strümpell's sign ||Adolph Strümpell ||neurology ||spastic pareses of the lower extremity || ||failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot

|Ten Horn's sign || Carel Hendrik Leo Herman ten Horn || surgery || appendicitis || || pain in the right iliac fossa after traction of spermatic cord

|Terry's nails || R. Terry || internal medicine ||various including hepatic failure || ||white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula

|Terry Thomas sign || Terry-Thomas ||Orthopaedics ||Scapho-lunate dissociation ||Atlas of Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology || Gap between the scaphoid and lunate bones on AP wrist radiograph

|Thomas test || Hugh Owen Thomas ||Orthopaedics || Fixed flexion deformity of hip || || Supine patient flexes one hip whilst keeping other leg flat; back arches if flexion deformity is present

|Throckmorton's reflex || Tom Bentley Throckmorton || neurology || pyramidal tract lesions || The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. || pressure over dorsal big toe MTP joint elicits an extensor plantar response

|Tinel's sign || Jules Tinel || neurology ||neuritis, compression disorders || ||'DTP' – distal tingling on percussion

|Todd's paresis || Robert Bentley Todd || neurology || seizure disorders || ||focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure

|Traube's sign ||Ludwig Traube ||various || splenomegaly || ||dull percussion sound over Traube's space

|Trendelenburg's sign || Friedrich Trendelenburg || neurology ||inferior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip abductors weakness || ||pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg'

|Troisier's sign || Charles Emile Troisier || internal medicine, oncology ||Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer|| ||Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Virchow's node)

|Trousseau's sign of malignancy || Armand Trousseau || internal medicine ||various malignancies, including pancreatic || ||spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation

|Trousseau's sign of latent tetany || Armand Trousseau || internal medicine, endocrinology || hypocalcaemia || || in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm

|Uhthoff's phenomenon ||Wilhelm Uhthoff || neurology || multiple sclerosis || ||↑ in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature

|Unterberger test ||Siegfried Unterberger || neurology, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side

|Virchow's node || Rudolf Virchow || internal medicine, oncology || Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer|| ||Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Troisier's sign)

|Virchow's triad || Rudolf Virchow || hematology || etiology of thrombosis || || Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction

|Von Braun-Fernwald's sign || Karl von Braun-Fernwald || obstetrics || pregnancy || ||softening of the uterine fundus at the site of implantation at 4–5 weeks gestation

|Von Graefe sign || Albrecht von Graefe ||endocrinology || Graves' disease || ||' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze

|Wada test || Juhn Atsushi Wada || neurology ||epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum || ||short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid; lateralizes language function

|Waddell's signs || G. Waddell ||primary care, psychiatry ||chronic pain || ||identify non-organic sources of low back pain

|Waddell's triad || J.P. Waddell || paediatric trauma || child pedestrian struck by motor vehicle || ||Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral fracture

|Watson's water hammer pulse || Sir Thomas Watson, 1st Baronet || cardiology || aortic regurgitation ||J. Suvarna Watson's water hammer pulse Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2008-04-01 ||bounding forceful pulse elicited with postural manoeuvres

|Wellens' sign or warning ||Hein Wellens|| cardiology ||severe stenosis of LAD || || characteristic ekg changes

|Wernicke encephalopathy

|Carl Wernicke

|neurology, psychiatry

|thiamine deficiency

|neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine

|Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome

|Carl Wernicke, Sergei Korsakoff

|neurology, psychiatry

|Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome

|combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome

|Westermark sign || Nils Westermark || pulmonology || pulmonary embolism || || Area of oligaemia on chest x-ray

|Whipple's triad || Allen Whipple || endocrinology || hypoglycemia || ||1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv

|Wickham's striae || Louis Frédéric Wickham || dermatology || lichen planus || ||white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions

|Widal test || Georges-Fernand Widal || microbiology || enteric fever || ||serum agglutination; obsolete(?)

|Winterbottom's sign || Thomas Masterman Winterbottom || tropical medicine || trypanosomiasis || ||posterior cervical chain adenopathy

|Wolff–Parkinson–White triad || Sir John Parkinson, Paul Dudley White, Louis Wolff || cardiology || supraventricular tachycardia || ||pre-excitation on ECG

|Wright's maneuver || ? || || || (needed)||

|Yeoman's test || ? || rheumatology || sacroiliitis || (needed) || sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and extension of hip

| Yergason's test || ? || orthopedic surgery || bicipital tendinitis || || anterior shoulder pain with resisted supination of the forearm

Numerous additional signs can be found for Graves disease under Graves' ophthalmopathy.

List of eponymous medical signs

See also

References