Ecoregions of the world, spanning all land area (terrestrial) of the planet, were first defined and mapped in 2001 and subsequently revised in 2017. Later, freshwater ecoregions as "a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions, and together form a conservation unit." The following 14 freshwater ecoregions occur within India.

  • Upper Indus
  • Indus Himalayan Foothills
  • Lower and Middle Indus
  • Ganges Himalayan Foothills
  • Middle Brahmaputra
  • Chin Hills–Arakan Coast
  • Ganges Delta and Plain
  • Narmada–Tapti
  • Northern Deccan Plateau
  • Southern Deccan Plateau
  • Southeastern Ghats
  • Western Ghats
  • Andaman Islands
  • Nicobar Islands

Marine ecoregions

Marine ecoregions of the world have been described across the worlds oceans and seas. India's seas are in the Western Indo-Pacific marine realm. This includes the following four provinces and six marine ecoregions.

  • West and South Indian Shelf province
  • Western India
  • South India and Sri Lanka
  • Central Indian Ocean Islands province
  • Maldives
  • Bay of Bengal province
  • Eastern India
  • Northern Bay of Bengal
  • Andaman province
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Global 200 ecoregions in India

The following are the ecoregions in India that are included in the Global 200 ecoregions:

Terrestrial

  • Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests (India)
  • Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests (old name) or East Deccan moist deciduous forests (current name) (India)
  • Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
  • Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
  • Himalayan subtropical pine forests (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan)
  • Naga-Manipuri-Chin hills moist forests (India)
  • Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests (India, Myanmar)
  • Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh (India, Pakistan)
  • South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests (India)
  • Sundarbans mangroves (Bangladesh, India)
  • Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands (Bhutan, India, Nepal)
  • Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows (Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan)
  • Western Himalayan broadleaf forests (Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan)

See also

  • Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)
  • Ecozones of India
  • An article about India's biodiversity
  • Seasons, climate, global warming in India

References