List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.

In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

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!Head of government

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|Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund

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|President – Bajram Begaj

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|Prime Minister – Sifi Ghrieb

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|Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron

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|King – Charles III

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|President – Vahagn Khachaturyan

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|King – Charles III

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|President – Alexander Van der Bellen

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|Prime Minister – Ali Asadov

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|King – Charles III

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|Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa

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|President – Mohammed Shahabuddin

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|President – Jeffrey Bostic

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|Prime Minister – Aleksandr Turchin

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|King – Philippe

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|King – Charles III

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|King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck

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|colspan="2" align="center"|High representative-designate – -->

|rowspan="2" |Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto

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| – Hassanal Bolkiah

|Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah

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|President – Iliana Iotova

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|Prime Minister – Nestor Ntahontuye

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|King – Norodom Sihamoni

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|Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute

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|King – Charles III '

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|rowspan="2" |President – José Maria Neves

|Prime minister-designate – Francisco Carvalho

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|Prime Minister – Félix Moloua

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|Prime Minister – Allamaye Halina

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|President – Xi Jinping

|Premier – Li Qiang

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|colspan="2" align="center"|President-elect – Iván Cepeda or Abelardo de la Espriella -->

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|Prime Minister – Judith Suminwa

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|Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso

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|President – Zoran Milanović

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|President – Miguel Díaz-Canel

|Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz

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|President – Petr Pavel

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|King – Frederik X

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|Prime minister-designate – Lars Løkke Rasmussen or Troels Lund Poulsen -->

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|President – Sylvanie Burton

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|Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly

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|Prime Minister – Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua

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|President – Alar Karis

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|rowspan="2"|Prime Minister – Russell Dlamini

|Ndlovukati – Ntfombi

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|President – Taye Atske Selassie

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|President – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu

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|President – Alexander Stubb

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|Prime Minister – Sébastien Lecornu

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|President – Mikheil Kavelashvili

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|President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier

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|President – Konstantinos Tasoulas

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|King – Charles III

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|Prime Minister – Bah Oury

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|Prime Minister – Ilídio Vieira Té

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|President – Tamás Sulyok

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|President – Halla Tómasdóttir

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|President – Droupadi Murmu

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|President – Masoud Pezeshkian

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|President – Nizar Amidi

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|President – Catherine Connolly

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|President – Isaac Herzog

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|President – Sergio Mattarella

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|Prime Minister – Robert Beugré Mambé

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|King – Charles III

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|Emperor – Naruhito

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|Prime Minister – Jafar Hassan

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|Prime Minister – Oljas Bektenov

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|Prime Minister – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah

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|President – Thongloun Sisoulith

|Prime Minister – Sonexay Siphandone

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|President – Edgars Rinkēvičs

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|President – Joseph Aoun

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|King – Letsie III

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|Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi<!-- |-

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|rowspan="2"|Prime Minister – Brigitte Haas

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||President – Gitanas Nausėda

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|Grand Duke – Guillaume V

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|Prime Minister – Mamitiana Rajaonarison

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|King – Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar

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|President – Myriam Spiteri Debono

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|Prime Minister – Mokhtar Ould Djay

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|President – Dharam Gokhool

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|Minister of State – Christophe Mirmand

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|President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

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|President – Jakov Milatović

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|Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch

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|President – Ram Chandra Poudel

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|King – Willem-Alexander

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|King – Charles III

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|Prime Minister – Ali Lamine Zeine

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