Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially adopted as a state symbol or emblem.

Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"

|-

!State, federal district, territory

!Mineral

!Rock or stone

!Gemstone

|-

| Alabama

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A sparkling, metallic gray chunk of hematite on a blue background. | [[Hematite (1967)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of pure white marble lies on a dark background. | [[Sylacauga marble|Marble (1969)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A bluish gray round cabochon of quartz showing a four rayed star effect under intense lighting. | [[Star blue quartz (1990)]]

|-

| Alaska

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold. | [[Gold (1968)]]

|  

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregular chunk of celedon green jade. | [[Nephrite jade (1968)]]

|-

| Arizona

| alt=An irregular piece of native copper on a green background.|center|thumb|240px|upright|[[Wulfenite (2017)]]

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An uncut nodule of brown matrix with a split face showing areas of turquoise. | [[Turquoise (1974)]]

|-

| Arkansas

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A cluster of clear, colorless quartz crystals. | [[Quartz (1967)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A slab of bauxite displaying brown orbicular formations which are approximately the size of the one cent coin which lies on top of the slab. | [[Bauxite (1967)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Star of Murfreesboro blue diamond from Arkansas| [[Diamond (1967)]]

|-

| California

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold ore. | [[Gold (1965); California's nickname is the Golden State]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough chunk of dark green serpentine with lighter veining. | [[Serpentine group|Serpentinite (1965)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough rock showing several intense, dark blue benitoite crystals emerging from white natrolite matrix. | [[Benitoite (1985)]]

|-

| Colorado

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Intense, transparent, strawberry red crystals of rhodochrosite from Colorado's Sweet Home mine. | [[Rhodochrosite (2002)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Large blocks of partially worked white marble lie on the ground at Colorado's Marble Mill site with the National Historical marker in the background. | [[Yule marble (2004)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A light blue piece of aquamarine cutting rough. | [[Beryl#Aquamarine and maxixe|Aquamarine (1971)]]

|-

| Connecticut

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A cluster of orange to red almandine garnet crystals. | Almandine [[garnet (1977)]]

|

|  

|-

| Delaware

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A long crystal of light purple sillimanite on a white background. | [[Sillimanite (1977)]]

|

|

|-

| Florida

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A nodule of gray fossilized coral which has been sliced in half with the halves lying opposite each other and showing the hollow center. | [[Agate#Types|Agatized Coral (1979)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of grayish yellow moonstone which shows fracture lines and a blue glow in some portions. | [[Moonstone (gemstone)|Moonstone (1970)]]

|-

| Georgia

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Intersecting twinned crystals of brown staurolite forming an abstract sculptural mass. | [[Staurolite (1976)]]

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An oval cabochon of pink quartz| [[Quartz (1976)]]

|-

| Hawaiʻi

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Black branches of coral, along which are arranged bright yellow polyps. | [[Black coral (1987)]]

|-

| Idaho

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A round cabochon of very dark red garnet which displays a six pointed star effect under intense lighting. | [[Star garnet (1967)]]

|-

| Illinois

| center|upright|thumb|alt=A cluster of purple fluorite crystals with a few crystals of iron pyrite attached. | [[Fluorite (1965)]]

| alt=Dolomite rock, CaMg(CO3)2|center|thumb|240px|upright|[[Dolomite (rock)|Dolostone (2022)]]

|

|-

| Indiana

|

| center|upright|thumb|alt=A chunk of limestone showing yellowish and white banding. | [[Limestone|Salem limestone (1971)]]

|

|-

| Iowa

|

| center|upright|thumb|alt=Keokuk geode showing the exterior shell and interior. cavity | [[Geode (1967)]]

|

|-

| Kansas

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Galena | [[Galena (2018)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Greenhorn Limestone|[[Greenhorn Limestone, from which the Kansas Stone Posts were cut. (2018)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Jelenite (amber)| Jelenite, a form of [[amber (2018)]]

|-

| Kentucky

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of black coal. | [[Coal (1998)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A smooth pebble of white agate with black and green dendrite formations. | [[Agate|Kentucky agate (2000)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background. | [[Freshwater pearl (1986)]]

|-

| Louisiana

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of agate in grayish and golden colors with the split face showing internal fortification banding along with a black dendritic formation. | [[Agate (2011)]]

|

| alt=Louisiana state gemstone|centre|thumb|166x166px|Lapearlite ([[Eastern oyster shell) (2011)]]

|-

| Maine

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Dark bluish and green or black, rod-like tourmaline crystals emerging from clear quartz holding matrix. | [[Tourmaline (1971)]]

| Granitic pegmatite (2023)

|

|-

| Maryland

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of chromite showing brown coloring with green oxide. | [[Chromite (2025)]]

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Peach reds and yellows with threadlike mossy and cell-like formations in semi-smooth tumbled agate pebbles. | [[Patuxent River stone agate (2004)]]

|-

| Massachusetts

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Shiny black crystals of babingtonite on whitish matrix. | [[Babingtonite (1971)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Photo of a gray cliffside in Roxbury showing the conglomerate material. | [[Roxbury Conglomerate|Roxbury puddingstone (1983)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough chunk of rhodonite showing white and intense pink crystals. | [[Rhodonite (1979)]]

|-

| Michigan

|

| thumb|upright|center|alt=A polished brown pebble of petoskey stone showing the typically six-sided cellular structure from the fossilized coral. |[[Petoskey stone fossilized coral (1965)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A polished cabochon of green pumpellyite showing the desirable chatoyant, cell-like structure found in the Michigan material. | [[Chlorastrolite (aka Isle Royale greenstone) (1972)]]

|-

| Minnesota

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An oval cabochon of Lake Superior agate which displays the typical tight fortification banding in shades of reds, yellows and white. |[[Lake Superior agate (1969)]]

|-

| Mississippi

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A child sitting on a broken section of a petrified wood log. | [[Petrified wood (1976)]]

| Mississippi Opal (2023)

|-

| Missouri

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Gray crystals of galena clustered on a gray matrix. | [[Galena (1967); Missouri's nickname is the Lead State]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A slice of mozarkite with the face showing a swirling pattern of cream, pinks and yellows. | [[Mozarkite (1967)]]

|

|-

| Montana

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A custom shield cut sapphire from Rock Creek, Montana in deep blue with a slight green undertone or zoning. | [[Sapphire (1969)]]center|thumb|upright|alt=A cloudy translucent white polished shield-shaped cabochon of Montana moss agate with puffy black dendrites arranged around a central area of golden fortifications. | Montana [[Agate (1969)]]

|-

| Nebraska

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Tumble polished translucent agate pebbles showing gold, red and white colors. | Prairie [[agate (1967)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of seam agate with the split face showing fortification banding in gray, blue and white colors. | Blue [[agate|chalcedony<!-- the wording is "Blue chalcedony, commonly called the blue agate," which means the "official" descriptor is chalcedony; corroborated by http://nebraskaccess.ne.gov/statesymbols.asp. --> (1967)]]

|-

| Nevada

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore. | Metal: [[Silver (1977); Nevada's nickname is the Silver State]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough chunk of sandstone with the face showing layering in shades of brown, black and white. | [[Sandstone (1987)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A freeform cabochon of black Virgin Valley wood replacement opal with red, blue and green fire showing against the dark base opal. | Precious Gemstone: [[Opal#Virgin Valley, Nevada|Virgin Valley black fire opal (1987)]]<br />center|thumb|upright|alt=Three rough chunks of raw turquoise in brown matrix are at the top of the picture, below which are a range of thirteen finished cabochons showing various colors ranging from green to light turquoise blue, and a range of spiderweb matrix ranging from none to light yellow to deep brown. | Semiprecious Gemstone: Nevada [[turquoise (1987)]]

|-

| New Hampshire

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A yellowish white beryl crystal. | [[Beryl (1985)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=The Old Man of the Mountain granite formation in New Hampshire's White Mountains. | [[Granite (1985); New Hampshire's nickname is the Granite State]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A cluster of transparent and light brown quartz crystals. | [[Smoky quartz (1985)]]

|-

| New Jersey

| center|thumb|upright| [[Franklinite (2023)]]

|

|

|-

| New Mexico

|

|

| center|thumb|alt=A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions. |upright| [[Turquoise (1967)]]

|-

| New York

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A round, faceted garnet gemstone in deep red with orange undertones. | [[Garnet (1969)]]

|-

| North Carolina

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold. | [[Gold (2011)]]

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Translucent green emerald crystals in a cream-colored matrix. | [[Emerald (1973)]]

|-

| North Dakota

|

|center|thumb|upright|Knife River Flint (2025)

|

|-

| Ohio

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A freeform cabochon of Ohio flint with a pattern of cream and ochre bands and a bluish black pattern at one end. | Ohio [[flint (1965)]]

|-

| Oklahoma

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Columnar crystal habit. | Crystal: [[Selenite (mineral)|Hourglass selenite (2005)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough, oval desert rose formation made up of barite crystals. | [[Barite Rose (1968)]]

| &nbsp;

|-

| Oregon

| State Twin Minerals:<br />center|thumb|upright|alt=A nugget of oregonite with "josephinite" (= awaruite). | [[Oregonite (2013)]]and<br />center|thumb|upright|alt=Awaruite is a nickel-iron alloy-bearing rock occurring as detritus in streams. This pebble/nugget weighs 13 grams. | [[Josephinite (2013)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A sliced thunderegg with the polished face showing a water level pattern in clear, blue and white chalcedony bands. | [[Thunderegg (1965)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Four faceted gemstones in various cuts showing some of the Oregon labradorite colors, including dichroic red green, red and yellow bicolor, clear with copper shiller streaking, and teal blue-green. | [[Sunstone#Oregon sunstone|Oregon sunstone labradorite (1987)]]

|-

| Pennsylvania

|

|

|

|-

| Rhode Island

| center|thumb|upright|alt=The face of a polished slab of bowenite serpentine with a wavy pattern in colors ranging from intense jade green to yellows. | [[Bowenite serpentine (1966)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Two rough chunks of cumberlandite showing reddish brown coloring with a few whitish streaks. | [[Cumberlandite (1966)]]

|

|-

| South Carolina

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A closeup of the polished face of a slab of granite showing grains of white, bluish gray and black. | Blue [[granite (1969)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A cluster of light purple to violet amethyst crystals. | [[Amethyst (1969)]]

|-

| South Dakota

| thumb|[[Rose quartz (1966)|alt=Rose quartz]]

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A group of tumble polished agates showing banding in red, orange and white with crystal interiors. | [[Fairburn, South Dakota|Fairburn agate (1966)]] and<br />State Jewelry: Black Hills Gold

|-

| Tennessee

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation. |[[Agate (2009)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Closup view of an unpolished, gray limestone slab showing fossil shell and other inclusions. | [[Limestone (from 1979 to present)]]center|thumb|upright|alt=A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation. |Tennessee [[agate (from 1969 until 2009)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background. | [[Freshwater pearl|Tennessee River Pearl (1979)]]

|-

| Texas

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore. | Precious Metal: [[Silver (2007)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An oval palmwood cabochon in a buff color with dark dots formed when sclerenchyma structures in the wood was replaced by chalcedony. | [[Oligocene petrified palmwood (1969)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A light blue chunk of topaz cutting rough. | Gemstone: [[Texas blue topaz (1969) ]]<br />center|thumb|upright|alt=A line drawing showing the five-pointed star feature in the pavilion of the Lone Star gemstone cut. | Gem Cut: "Lone Star Cut" (1977)

|-

| Utah

| center|thumb|upright|alt=An irregular piece of native copper on a green background. | [[Copper (1994)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of black coal. | [[Coal (1991)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A terminated raw, golden topaz crystal. | [[Topaz (1969)]]

|-

| Vermont

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of translucent white talc. | [[Talc (1991)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A buff-colored boulder of granite. | [[Granite (1992) ]]center|thumb|upright|alt=The white marble state capitol building in Montpelier. | [[Marble (1992) ]]center|thumb|upright|alt=An unpolished, irregular slab of gray slate. | [[Slate (1992)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A cluster of orange garnet crystals in a light gray matrix. | [[Grossularite|Grossular garnet (1991)]]

|-

| Virginia

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A speckled rock specimen|[[Nelsonite (2016)]]

|

|-

| Washington

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A sliced section of a petrified wood log showing exterior fossilized bark and black, white, red and yellow agate in the interior. | [[Petrified wood (1975)]]

|-

| West Virginia

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A chunk of black coal. | [[Bituminous coal (2009)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A polished slab showing the cellular structure from the fossilized coral. | [[Mississippian age|Mississippian Lithostrotionella fossil coral (1990)]]

|-

| Wisconsin

| center|thumb|upright|alt=Gray crystal of galena. | [[Galena (1971)]]

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A rough chunk of granite showing grains of red, pink, white, gray and black. | Red [[granite (1971)]]

|

|-

| Wyoming

|

|

| center|thumb|upright|alt=A freeform triangular cabochon of olive-green Wyoming nephrite jade. | [[Jade|Wyoming nephrite jade (1967)]]

|}

See also

  • Lists of U.S. state insignia
  • List of U.S. state fossils

Endnotes

References

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